Air Moisture Content Research Articles

Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Dehumidification System Adapted for Suspension Bridge Corrosion Protection: A Numerical Study

A commonly adopted dehumidification system on a suspension bridge is the desiccant wheel dehumidification system (DWDS), which demonstrates ineffectiveness and energy-intensiveness in high temperature and humidity scenarios. This paper proposes a suspension bridge hybrid dehumidification system (HDS) as a better alternative for corrosion protection. A numerical model of HDS was first established. Then, the effects of the main operating parameters on HDS were analyzed, and the dehumidification performance of HDS and DWDS was further compared to illustrate the superiority of HDS to apply on a suspension bridge. In addition, the air supply parameter was discussed, and a low-energy operation strategy of HDS in summer cases was proposed. Finally, limitations and adaptations of heat pump dehumidification system (HPDS) and DWDS on suspension bridges were discussed. The results showed that: (1) HDS realizes the utilization of waste energy from suspension bridges, enhancing the system efficiency. Its specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) reaches 3.16 kg kW−1 h−1 in a high-temperature and -humidity environment (35 °C, 30.82 g kg−1) of the suspension bridge. (2) In the same inlet air conditions, HDS has greater dehumidification capacity than DWDS, and this advantage is enlarged with the increment of inlet air temperature and moisture content. In addition, HDS can strengthen dehumidification ability by decreasing the evaporation temperature and increasing the regeneration temperature to meet peak moisture loads of the suspension bridge. (3) Considering the anti-corrosion effects, energy consumption and drying time, the authors recommend that the moisture content corresponding to the atmospheric temperature and RH of 45% be used for air supply on a suspension bridge. (4) HPDS has poor adaptability to temperatures below 20 °C, while DWDS has poor adaptability to some high temperatures of 24~40 °C and high humidities of 19~30 g kg−1. None of them can meet the air supply requirements of a suspension bridge’s main cable alone.

Using phycocyanin as a marker to investigate drying history and structure formation in spray drying

Knowledge of drying history and structure formation is essential for the quality of spray dried products. In this study, these factors are investigated using the denaturation of phycocyanin. By studying the denaturation kinetics of this marker, added to the feed solution, it was found that denaturation can neither occur in the constant drying rate regime nor in the final stage of drying, as the temperature (T < 60 °C) and the moisture content (aw < 0.6) is too low, respectively. Thus, it was concluded that phycocyanin denaturation is influenced by the crust formation during spray drying. This was applied to pilot scale spray drying, where the effect of air inlet and outlet temperature, air moisture content, feed solids content and particle residence time was investigated. The qualitative agreement between phycocyanin denaturation and the determined particle structure provides a basis for the validation of models, predicting structure development during drying.

Study on Water Intake Characteristics and Influencing Parameters of Drinking Water Emergency Extraction Vehicle

In this paper, by analyzing the heat and mass transfer characteristics of the dehumidification runner microelement channel of a drinking water emergency extraction vehicle, a mathematical model of heat and mass transfer in the water intake process is established, and the influence of the runner parameters (adsorbent thickness, regeneration angle, rotation speed) and air parameters (treatment air temperature/humidity, regenerated air temperature/humidity) on the water intake characteristics is mainly studied. Water extraction experiments are carried out in arid desert areas and humid island environments. The test results showed that compared with the calculated data, the deviations in the temperature and humidity of the treated air outlet were 3.03% and 4.14%, respectively, and the deviation value of the water intake was 8.23% when the moisture content of the inlet air was 2 g/kg.

Microwave Cavity Sensor for Measurements of Air Humidity under Reduced Pressure.

A high-sensitivity sensor for measuring moisture content in the air or air humidity under low pressure was designed on the basis of a half-wave coaxial microwave cavity. The method of measuring small variations in the signal phase at a cavity excitation frequency of 1.63 GHz was applied to detect low densities of water vapor. It allows the detection of variations in dielectric air permittivity in the seventh decimal place. A prototype of the sensor was tested in a vacuum chamber. It was calibrated by comparing the test results with the readings of a commercial pressure gauge and using the independent method of measuring the moisture content in rarefied air on the basis of the absorption of millimeter waves in the local line of water vapor at 183 GHz. The developed sensor can be used in laboratory experiments and full-scale geophysical research in the atmosphere onboard various aircrafts.

Performance evaluation of counter flow dew-point evaporative cooler with a three-dimensional numerical model

• A three-dimensional numerical model of a regenerative dew-point evaporative cooler was developed; • The effects of operating conditions were comprehensively analyzed; • The influence of none-even water distribution position was revealed; • The existing of none water area deteriorated the cooler’s effectiveness; • The water distribution at the entrance or outlet of the wet channel affected the cooler’s performance more prominent. Dew-point evaporative cooling is a promising low-emission cooling technique. It applies latent heat from water evaporation with a special humidity manipulation process, which owns a high efficiency and is environmentally friendly. The influences of its operation and design conditions were comprehensively discussed with current one-dimensional or two-dimensional model previously. However, air flow is regarded as constant along the direction of channel width and the previous models assume that the water film is even-distributed in the wet channels, which deteriorates the accuracy of numerical model. In this paper, a three-dimensional model was developed to simulate the air flow and moisture content transport of a regenerative dew-point evaporative cooler. Different from previous models, this study focusses on the effects of non-even water distribution on cooler performance. Results show that the deviation between experimental test and present three-dimensional numerical simulation was less than 3.77% under different inlet conditions, and the three-dimensional model improved the simulation accuracy by 5.46% compared with the conventional two-dimensional model, which demonstrated the superiority of three-dimensional simulation. Based on the proposed three-dimensional numerical model, the influences of inlet conditions, air intake velocity and working air ratio were parametrically analyzed. Last but not least, the effect of water distribution was revealed. The existence of none water distribution area led to poor cooling performance in general, and it had prominent influences on water evaporation when the positions of none water distribution area were near the entrance or outlet of the wet channel. The developed three-dimensional model and the analysis of water distribution effects can benefit the future design of dew-point evaporative coolers.

Thermodynamic Performance Analysis of New Paper Machine Air Hood Heat Recovery System

In this paper, a new heat recovery system of hot air hood of paper machine is proposed, the thermodynamic model of the system is established, and the effect of different thermal parameters on the heat recovery efficiency of the system is studied. The results indicate that both the recovered energy and the proportion of exhaust air passing through the latent heat exchanger attenuate as fresh air temperature increase and fresh air moisture content decrease. The system heat recovery increasing with rising of exhaust temperature. Exhaust temperature and exhaust relative humidity have different effects on sensible and latent heat recovery. The maximum value of proportion of exhaust air passing through latent heat exchanger appears when the exhaust relative humidity is 35.8%. Overall, the fresh air temperature and the exhaust relative humidity have great influence on the heat recovery efficiency.

Graphic Analytical Methods for Determining Moist Air Characteristics in Multistage Compressors

The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of methods for graphic analytical determination of the characteristics of moist air in multistage compressors. Two methods are compared, which differ in the used I-d-diagrams: unified in terms of pressure and atmospheric. I-d-diagrams unified in terms of pressure differ from atmospheric ones by diagrams of saturated air relative humidity () only at various pressures. For multistage compressors, curves are plotted on unified I-d-diagrams at atmospheric pressure and compressed air pressure in intercoolers and receivers. It is assumed that the isobaric cooling of compressed air and condensation of its water vapor occurs in coolers and receivers at the final compression pressure in the previous compressor stages. The method, which uses I-d-diagrams unified by pressure, involves the diagram plotting of air compression and cooling on a grid of curves. An example of plotting such diagrams for a two-stage compressor with an intercooler and a receiver is given. A detailed description of the thermodynamic state of moist air in such a compressor is given. The nodal points of the processes in the compressor are plotted on a pressure-unified I-d-diagram according to the known values of moisture content and air temperature. The pressure and temperature at the end points of compression are calculated by the equations of the polytropic process at n = 1.26. The dew points in the cooler and receiver are graphically defined as the intersection of the curves for the final compression pressures with the corresponding straight lines for constant air moisture content in the compressor stages. The technique using atmospheric (barometric) I-d-diagrams is used in the absence of unified I-d-diagrams suitable for pressure. The essence of the developed technique is to determine the curves on the atmospheric I-d-diagrams, graphically coinciding with the curves A numerical example of the application of such a technique is given. The advantages and disadvantages of both methods are evaluated.

New method to decrease the air recirculation of mechanical draft wet cooling tower group by increasing height of fan duct

The air recirculation will increase the temperature and moisture content of air entering the mechanical draft wet cooling tower group (MCT group) and seriously reduce the cooling capacity. This study proposes to increase the height of the fan duct to reduce air recirculation. The aerodynamic field outside the MCT group is reconstructed to improve the cooling capacity of MCT group. A 3D model is established to explain the influence mechanism of air recirculation and the change of the thermal performance of MCT group. The main research variables are crosswind speed and direction. The numerical results show that, after the retrofit, the air recirculation rate of leeward MCT is reduced by 10.9 % on average and 16.0 % at most under the crosswind angle of 0°, 16.8 % mean and 25.0 % maximum under 45°, 1.0 % average and 2.0 % at most under 90°. The water temperature drop is increased by 0.5 °C on average and 0.8 °C at most under 0°, 0.7 °C mean and 1.1 °C maximum under 45°, 0.1 °C on average and 0.2 °C at most under 90°, compared to original MCT group.

Discrete Heaped Model of Tobacco Strips Drying and Characteristics Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer

To accurately study the drying characteristics of tobacco strips in the process of redrying, a discrete heaped physical model of tobacco strips is built. Based on this model, a convective drying multiphase porous media model of the heaped tobacco strips is established, which considers the binary diffusion and transport of vapor inside and outside the tobacco leaf. The model is solved using COMSOL Multiphysics, and the accuracy of the model is verified by experiments. The changes in hot air velocity, vapor and moisture content, and evaporation rate in heaped tobacco strips with different thicknesses are analyzed. The results show that: it is feasible to study the drying characteristics of tobacco strips in redrying using a discrete heaped model; there were significant differences in water content, evaporation rate, and temperature in different regions of heaped tobacco strips; the increase in heaping thickness will significantly reduce the uniformity of heat and mass transfer of tobacco strips in the process of convection drying. This model can provide a reference for the study of heat and mass transfer in porous media, such as tobacco strips in the heaping state.

Joint Analysis of Lightning-Induced Forest Fire and Surface Influence Factors in the Great Xing’an Range

For several decades, warming-induced fires have been widespread in many forest systems. A forest fire could be a potential indicator, since the Great Xing’an Range is susceptible to global climate changes and frequent extreme events. This region has a relatively integrated forest community structure. This paper investigated 35 factors to explore how natural conditions affect fire scale. We analyzed the fire spatiotemporal distribution, by combining the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and historical records, and then reconstructed the fire-prone climate conditions. We used an exploratory model to minimize the climate factors and a geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model to predict regional large-scale lightning fire occurrence. The main results are (1) Lightning fire occurrence increased during the past four decades, and the regional fire season starts from the spring (May to June). (2) The time of occurrence of lightning fires had a strong correlation with the occurrence density. (3) The main natural factors affecting a fire-affected area are air moisture content, topographic slope, maximum surface air temperature, wind direction, and surface atmospheric pressure. The regional climate can be characterized that the prevailing southeastern wind bringing lots of precipitation and strong surface pressure, combined with the regional periodic lightning weather and irregular high temperatures, forming fire-prone weather. The abnormal soil water content in the spring led to vegetation growth and increased fuel storage. The low air water content and long-term water deficit made the local air dry. Lightning strikes are an influential factor in fire frequency, while climatic conditions shape the fire-affected areas. (4) The seven days of pre-fire data are more accurate for studying lightning fire occurrence. The GTWR model showed the best fitness among the four models. Fire-prone areas showed a trend of increasing from south to north. In the future, lightning fires will likely occur in this region’s north and east. Our work would promote the local forest fire policy-making process.

Performance analysis of selective exhaust gas recirculation integrated with fogging cooling system for gas turbine power plants

Selective exhaust gas recirculation (S-EGR) is a proposed alternative for enhancing the CO2 capture units applied in power plants. Most previous studies focused on the correlation between S-EGR and CO2 capture unit efficiency. Nevertheless, the S-EGR system without pre-cooling considerably influences the gas turbine output power due to its relatively high temperature. Hence this study aims to investigate the influence of the integration of fogging cooling systems with S-EGR on gas turbine performance. This combination could reduce the adverse effects of the S-EGR system in power plants as well as increase the effectiveness of the fogging cooling system in hot, humid regions. A three-dimensional Euler–Lagrange CFD model is employed to simulate the mutual effect between S-EGR and fogging cooling systems under different operation conditions. The impact of output condition from combined fogging and S-EGR system (cooled CO2 enriched air) on the gas turbine performance is then investigated. Results illustrate that applying the fogging cooling approach after mixing the inlet air and S-EGR reduces the moisture content of the inlet air and augments the cooling capacity of the fogging system. When the CO2-enriched stream is pre-cooled to the same ambient temperature, the fogging system outlet temperature drops more, especially at high S-EGR ratios. Applying the S-EGR system could increase the inlet mixture density (CO2-enriched air) by about 12% at an S-EGR ratio of 35%, which is increased to 18% after incorporating the fogging cooling system. Regarding gas turbine performance, using CO2-enriched air without pre-cooling leads to a significant deterioration in performance, notably at high S-EGR ratios. On the other hand, the amalgamation of S-EGR with fogging cooling could boost gas turbine output power from 11.7 to 19.2%, with an efficiency gain of half a percentage point.

Numerical simulation of heat pump drying system for paper exhaust hood

Abstract In view of the present situation that the exhaust waste heat of the hot air hood in the paper drying section is too much and the environment is not friendly, a closed heat pump drying system model applied to the exhaust air hood is proposed and established. Effects of evaporation temperature and condensation temperature on supply air temperature, supply air moisture content, system performance coefficient (COP) and dehumidification energy consumption ratio (SMER) were studied. Results show that with the increase of condensation temperature, the supply air temperature is unchanged, and the moisture content of the supply air increase, while the COP and SMER of the system show a downward trend. The moisture content of supply air decrease with the increase of evaporation temperature, while the supply air temperature, COP and SMER all show an upward trend. Therefore, in order to improve the drying characteristics and improve the performance of the heat pump system, the condensation temperature can be reduced and the evaporation temperature can be increased.

Experimental investigation on condensation characteristics of a novel radiant terminal based on sepiolite composite humidity-conditioning coating

The problem of condensation hinders the application and popularization of the radiant cooling system. According to the characteristics of temperature and humidity independent control of the radiant cooling system, a novel humidity-conditioning radiant terminal combined with solid humidity-conditioning material is proposed which can control temperature and humidity simultaneously, and a sepiolite composite humidity-conditioning coating (SCHCC) suitable for the radiant terminal with good humidity control ability in high relative humidity environment is prepared. The humidity-conditioning coating can adsorb water vapor in the air to reduce the risk of condensation that is different from the surface condensation of traditional radiant terminals. Then, the condensation and desorption characteristics of three humidity-conditioning boards are tested which is considered scaled-down humidity-conditioning radiant terminal. The results show that SCHCC has good humidity control ability in a high relative humidity environment, the moisture adsorption capacity of SCHCC between 85% RH and 95% RH is 0.208 g/g, which is 11.43 and 22.47 times that of gypsum and diatomite. The sepiolite based humidity-conditioning board (SHCB) with the best moisture adsorption characteristics has the longest condensation time, and the condensation time increases with the decrease of undercooling. SHCB also shows better humidity control ability even for the experimental condition without condensation within 300 min. In summary, SHCB can reduce the moisture content of indoor air through its excellent hygroscopic properties, and reduce the risk of condensation at the radiant terminal. • A novel humidity-conditioning radiant terminal is proposed. • The material has good humidity control ability under high relative humidity. • The condensation and desorption behavior of the novel radiant terminal is tested. • The novel radiant terminal can effectively prolong the surface condensation time.

Monitoring of Rice Growth Phases Using Multi-Temporal Sentinel-2 Satellite Image

Rice is the primary source of nutrition food of more than half of the world’s population, and it is hugely important in the global economic growth, food security, water use, and climate change. The need for satellite systems to monitor rice crops and assist in rice crop management is gaining in popularity. The European Space Agency’s (ESA) launched Sentinel-2 A + B twin platform’s which enhanced the temporal, spatial, and spectral resolution, opening the way for their widely use in crop monitoring. Aside from the technical features of the Sentinel-2 A and B constellation, the easily accessible type of information they generate as well as the appropriate support software have been significant improvements for rice crop monitoring. In this study, the spectral reflectance has been analysed to find how far their potential in determining rice growth phases. The highest spectrum in reflectance was observed in the near infrared (NIR) region (842 nm). Because of the structure of mesophyll cells tissues and the inner backscatter of air spaces, moisture content, and air–water abstraction layers within the leaves, the reflectance in the NIR region seems to be much larger than in the visible band. The multi-temporal vegetation index namely Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) have derived from ten Sentinel-2 images cover the entire rice season. These indices have been tested to determine the rice growth phases over the rice season. The spatial distribution of each tested indices is displayed in the map output. The maps are then analysed and compared to determine the potential of each index in determining rice growth phases. It was discovered in this study that there was a quadratic correlation between all of the tested indices and rice age. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is the most accurate vegetation index for estimating rice growth phases, followed by SAVI and NDMI.

Integrating phase change material in building envelopes combined with the earth-to-air heat exchanger for indoor thermal environment regulation

To utilize the combined effects of earth-to-air heat exchanger (EAHE) and phase change material (PCM) in indoor thermal environment regulation during summer, this study proposes a combination mode, i.e., EAHE–PCM. In this method, EAHE continuously provides cool air to indoor spaces. PCM integrated into building envelopes stores excess cold provided by EAHE at night and transfers it indoors across time. We performed two full-scale comparative experiments (EAHE–PCM combined operation mode and PCM alone operation mode) on typical summer days in hot-summer and cold-winter regions. The results showed that the maximum reduction in the EAHE outlet air temperature and moisture content reached 21.6 °C and 4.55 g/kg, respectively, inducing an average cooling capacity of approximately 1186.5 W. The use of EAHE decreased the time-averaged PCM internal temperature by 6.0 °C in 24 h compared to the PCM alone operation mode, thereby activating the phase change process of PCM between 19:54 and 9:45. Therefore, PCM can store excess cold provided by the EAHE via latent heat and transfer it to indoor air through the melting process, resulting in a 157 min lag in the PCM internal temperature rise. When the ambient air temperature varied between 26.3 and 45.2 °C, the EAHE–PCM combined operation mode decreased the time-averaged indoor air temperature by 6.6 °C compared to the PCM operation alone, which helped maintain the indoor air temperature within the comfort temperature range of 22–28 °C for 73% in 24 h, with a peak temperature of 30.6 °C.

Energy, exergy, economic and environmental analysis of an indirect evaporative cooling integrated with liquid dehumidification

To reduce the energy consumption and CO2 emission of the air conditioning system, an integrated system of indirect evaporative cooling (IEC) and liquid dehumidification (LD) named IECL is investigated. The energy and exergy performance of the IEC and IECL are compared under different the primary air inlet temperature and moisture content, the economic and environmental analysis of the IECL is presented. The results show that IECL saves 97% of the energy consumption compared with traditional air conditioning for dealing with fresh air temperature and humidity. The IECL shows better energy conversion and utilization efficiency than the IEC. The maximum exergy efficiency ratio and exergy efficiency of the IECL are 3.75 and 56.99%, respectively. Moreover, the IECL shows great economic benefits than IEC. The STP of the IECL is 7.55% lower and the NPV of the IECL is 42.42% higher than that of the IEC. The CO2, SO2, and NOx emissions of the IECL are 53.12 kg/year, 1.60 kg/year, and 0.80 kg/year, respectively.

Cryo-Technologies for Ex Situ Conservation of Rosa Germplasm.

In this study, we compare two rapid cryopreservation (−196 °C) procedures, droplet-vitrification and encapsulation-dehydration for rose (Rosa × hybrida L., cultivars ‘Ioana’, ‘Mariana’, ‘Vulcan’). Significant factors for cryopreservation, such as sucrose concentration during osmoprotection, treatment duration with plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2) in droplet-vitrification, duration of air desiccation and moisture content of alginate beads in encapsulation-dehydration, were investigated. In addition, the morphogenetic response to in vitro culture and to liquid nitrogen storage and the content in photosynthetic pigments have been assessed. The in vitro cultures were initiated from plant material originating from field collection. The highest regeneration frequencies were obtained for cv. ‘Vulcan’ in both of the cryopreservation procedures tested, 72% in droplet-vitrification and 65% following encapsulation-dehydration. The morphogenetic response (multiplication index and height of shoots) to liquid nitrogen storage was direct multiple shoot formation per initial shoot tip for all genotypes. The content in chlorophyll a and b was statistically comparable in plant material resulting from cryopreserved and non-cryopreserved shoot tips in all cultivars. The findings expand the information on Rosa‘s response to in vitro culture conditions and cryopreservation, providing protocols with a high regeneration capacity for the storage of genotypes with high ornamental value.

Prediction method of wheat moisture content in the hot air drying process based on backpropagation neural network optimized by genetic algorithms

It is necessary to grasp the moisture content of wheat in the process of hot air drying in real time to save energy and improve quality. According to the result of the hot air drying experiment, a backpropagation (BP) neural network prediction model with a topology of 2-4-1 is established. The mean absolute error (MAE) and degree of fit (R2) of the predicted results are 0.216% and 0.9804. The BP neural network model is optimized with a genetic algorithm (GA-BP) to improve accuracy. The MAE and R2 are down to 0.069% and 0.9945. The generalization ability of the GA-BP prediction model is verified, when predicting the samples out of the training set, the MAE is 0.37% and R2 is 0.9993. It shows that the GA-BP prediction model is of good generalization ability. This study provides a new conception for the real-time control of moisture content in hot air drying wheat. Novelty impact statement The prediction model of wheat moisture content in the hot air drying process was established based on BP neural network algorithm and optimized by the genetic algorithm. The wheat moisture content can be accurately predicted at different hot air temperatures and drying times, which provides a new method for the real-time monitoring of moisture content in the drying process. According to the predicted results, the changes in the moisture content of wheat are grasped in advance, which solve the problem that the moisture content of wheat is difficult to obtain in real time during the hot air drying process and hard to adjust the hot air temperature in time.

Characteristics of Temperature and Humidity Inversions Based on High-Resolution Radiosonde Observations at Three Arctic Stations

AbstractThe Global Climate Observing System Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) with high-vertical-resolution radiosonde data at three Arctic stations and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data (ERA5) were used to investigate the characteristics of multiple temperature inversions (TI) and humidity inversions (HI) in this study. It is found that surface-based inversion (SBI) at two coastal stations exists throughout the whole year, mainly due to the surface cooling in cold months, advection warm months, and the orography of the stations. The seasonal variation of surfaced-based HI (SBHI) frequency is similar to that of SBI, and its intensity is greater in summer because of the larger air moisture content. The frequency of the first elevated TI (EI1) and HI (EHI1) are both higher than that of the surface-based ones. The second elevated TI/HI layer (EI2/EHI2) is shallower and weaker than that of the EI1/EHI1. At two coastal stations, EI1 caused by warm advection is thicker and stronger than that caused by subsidence. At the station farther from the coast, EI1 caused by subsidence is higher, thinner, and stronger. The top height and depth of the EHI2 both show seasonal variations, with larger values in the cold months. EHI1 tends to be formed by the TI, whereas EHI2 is dominant by humidity advection at all studied stations. HI under the influence of TI is usually thicker and stronger than that formed by humidity advection. The coexistence of EI and EHI is the most frequent inversion structure at these stations.

Liquid desiccant dehumidification and regeneration process: Advancing correlations for moisture and enthalpy effectiveness

The paper developed correlations for predicting moisture and enthalpy effectiveness of the liquid desiccant dehumidification and regeneration process. Experimental dehumidification and regeneration data available from the literature with different system dimensions, liquid desiccant solutions (LiBr and LiCl), geometry and size of the packing and flow configuration (counter- and cross-flow) were gathered for correlations development. The developed correlations involved the mass flow rates of air and desiccant solution, the inlet temperature of the air and the desiccant solution, the moisture content and enthalpy of the inlet air, the moisture content and enthalpy of air at an equilibrium state with the inlet desiccant solution, the geometry, dimensions and wetting of the packing and the contact time between air and desiccant solution. The comparison between the calculated and experimental effectiveness showed a good match, which had errors ranging 4.37–7.2%, and performed better when compared to other correlations available in the literature. These newly developed correlations will be useful for quick system design and performance analysis and to establish cost-effective solutions for liquid desiccant technology.