Russian Agro-industrial Complex Research Articles

Digital transformation of business processes in aic: starting conditions and priorities

The article examines the starting conditions for digital transformation in agriculture in Russia, identifies the main stages in the history of the development of agricultural production. The author studied the regulatory documents on digital transformation, the components of the Central Information and Analytical System of State Information Support for Agriculture, analyzed the current state of the use of complex digital agricultural solutions by agricultural producers. It also assesses the achieved target indicators of the departmental project «Digital Agriculture», identifies trends in their change over the period. Drivers for the development of digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex in Russia have been formed and presented.

Теоретические и практические подходы к стратегическому развитию агропромышленного комплекса СКФО на основе цифровизации

The subject/topic. The article outlines a number of scientific approaches of leading modern scientists, specialists and managers of operating enterprises of the Russian agro-industrial complex to the strategic planning of innovations in the agro-industrial complex as a whole, and the emphasis is on the digitalization of the agricultural sphere. It reflects the current trends in the state of the regional agro-industrial complex of the North Caucasus Federal District, which, due to the slowdown in the growth of economic indicators, currently does not allow more actively solving the existing systemic problems. Goals. The aim of the work was to substantiate the need for strategic planning of the development of the regional agro-industrial complex based on the analysis of theoretical approaches, to identify practical factors that hinder or slow the development of digitalization in the agricultural sphere of the region, to develop proposals on the priority of state regulation that will contribute to the speedy transition of the agro-industrial complex to modern intensive digital technologies of production, organization and management. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study was the data of the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia, analytical data of scientific publications, as well as scientific research of scientists and leading specialists working in the digital sphere and in agricultural production. The methods of logical and statistical analysis, dynamic series, empirical approaches were used, on the basis of which conclusions were drawn and the directions of their exit from the current situation in the agro-industrial complex of the region were determined. Results. The study showed that in order to activate the industry and introduce digital technologies, it is necessary to have prerequisites, expressed in state coordination of actions of ministries and departments on the formation and improvement of rural infrastructure, training of senior and middle-level personnel, creating jobs in rural areas, as well as a favorable economic environment for efficient production activities of farms, the development of standards for consistent automation and achievement by agricultural enterprises of the level of accurate digital production and organization of activities. The scope of the results. The results obtained can be used by regional state authorities to improve the ongoing transformations in the field of digitalization of the agro-industrial complex. Conclusions/significance. Informatization and digitalization of agriculture and other areas of the agro-industrial complex should be considered not as an independent direction of its development, but as a large set of measures based on state financial, regulatory and coordination support. In order to ensure the breakthrough development of the regional agro-industrial complex, it is necessary that the priority of the agricultural sphere for state policy should be the strategic direction, and, based on the principles of consistency and regularity, mechanisms for the introduction of domestic scientific developments in the field of IT and technological processes and equipment with the solution of the identified problems should be implemented. Application. The results obtained can be used by regional state authorities to improve the ongoing transformations in the field of digitalization of the agro-industrial complex.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЫЗОВОВ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА - ОСНОВА СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОГО ЦЕЛЕПОЛАГАНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ АГРАРНОЙ СФЕРЫ

Based on a systematic approach, the article examines the main macroeconomic global and national challenges in the development of the domestic agro-industrial complex that affect the sustainable development of the industry and the achievement of national development goals of the Russian Federation. It is shown that the identification of the main challenges facing the development of the domestic agro-industrial complex is the primary basis for developing goals for the strategic development of the agrarian sector. In the work, on the basis of a complex of sources, the main global challenges are identified: demographic growth and hunger; lack of resources within the framework of the existing AIC3.0 model; ethical restrictions and risks; growing threats of the spread of dangerous infectious diseases; natural and climatic changes; external geopolitical and sanctions pressure. National barriers are also identified: lagging behind developed countries in the process of transition to a new technological order; import dependence in the context of growing external restrictions and challenges for Russia; food waste and product losses at the storage, processing and logistics stages; value restrictions; socio-physiological factors. Responses to these challenges and limitations are the basis a new model of economic development of the Russian agro-industrial complex.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЫЗОВОВ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА - ОСНОВА СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОГО ЦЕЛЕПОЛАГАНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ АГРАРНОЙ СФЕРЫ

Based on a systematic approach, the article examines the main macroeconomic global and national challenges in the development of the domestic agro-industrial complex that affect the sustainable development of the industry and the achievement of national development goals of the Russian Federation. It is shown that the identification of the main challenges facing the development of the domestic agro-industrial complex is the primary basis for developing goals for the strategic development of the agrarian sector. In the work, on the basis of a complex of sources, the main global challenges are identified: demographic growth and hunger; lack of resources within the framework of the existing AIC3.0 model; ethical restrictions and risks; growing threats of the spread of dangerous infectious diseases; natural and climatic changes; external geopolitical and sanctions pressure. National barriers are also identified: lagging behind developed countries in the process of transition to a new technological order; import dependence in the context of growing external restrictions and challenges for Russia; food waste and product losses at the storage, processing and logistics stages; value restrictions; socio-physiological factors. Responses to these challenges and limitations are the basis a new model of economic development of the Russian agro-industrial complex.

On the introduction of the professional standard of the «veterinary (animal health) worker»

Modern agriculture is a dynamically developing sector of the Russian economy, ready to actively introduce new technologies, carry out digital transformation of the Russian agro-industrial complex, and implement complex scientific and technical programs. An important task is to increase the attractiveness of agricultural professions. The system of training personnel, including veterinary specialists and workers in the field of veterinary medicine, should be flexible, capable of promptly responding to the requirements of the time and transforming to meet market demands. Agricultural universities are ready to change and introduce new specialties that will allow graduates to be in demand in the labor market. This explains the need for changes and revision of professional standards.The article provides a comparative analysis of the qualification characteristics of the professional standard "Veterinarian" in 2018 and the professional standard "Veterinary (animal health) Worker" in 2021. The characteristics of the qualification levels of workers in the field of veterinary medicine, descriptions of generalized labor and labor functions in accordance with industry codes are given. The names of basic positions have been clarified in accordance with the requirements of classifiers and regulatory legal documents.

Стимулирование экспорта сельхозпродукции и продовольствия

The growth of agricultural exports is due to a focused state policy that ensures the development of the Russian agro-industrial complex. The mechanisms used to stimulate agricultural and food exports are divided into general (federal) and individual financial and non-financial support instruments (regional), have different degrees of demand by agricultural producers and different regional involvement in their application. There was an increase in exports, a low share in the export of deep processing products, a discrepancy between the placement of agricultural production and the structure of exports, an expansion of state support measures, their positive and negative impact on the market, various regional involvement in export processes, and a high concentration of exports in the Rostov region.

WAYS TO IMPROVE THE ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL SYSTEM IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

The engineering and technical system in the agro-industrial complex is currently an insufficiently studied area of activity and the need to analyze the state of this system is obvious. (Research purpose). The research purpose is in considering the state of the engineering and technical system of the agro-industrial complex and determining ways of its improving. (Materials and methods). The implementation of technological processes for maintaining and restoring the parameters of the technical condition of agricultural machinery with proper quality is possible only with the availability of intelligent technological equipment at specialized enterprises of the agro- industrial complex engineering system, which will provide high-resource repair and maintenance. The article proposes a complete register of operating service enterprises at all levels of ownership, identifying of their potential and developing a strategy for the modernization of this system. (Results and discussion). The article presents for consideration the measures to improve the engineering and technical component in the agro-industrial complex of Russia. At present the system is characterized by a weakening of the quality of technical support of agricultural machines throughout their entire life cycle. One of the important reasons associated with these studies is that ensuring the operational reliability of agricultural machinery for seasonal field work is carried out mainly by agricultural producers, most of whom do not have the ability to carry out high-level operations for technical service of machines. (Conclusions). The most promising enterprises in the engineering sphere of the agro-industrial complex for the needs of agricultural producers are those equipped with modern technological equipment, intelligent technologies and highly qualified specialists.

Theoretical Substantiation of the Traction Resistance of the Ridge Seeder

The analysis of the current state of the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of Russia has shown that various energy-saving cultivation technologies of agricultural crops, including row crops on ridges, are being applied on a large scale. Mainly, such technologies imply a reduction in the number of technological operations performed, the replacement of sowing on pre-treated soil with sowing according to minimal technology or no-till at all. When implementing comb sowing of row crops, the problem of energy saving remains relevant. Keeping in mind the design features and the operation principle of tillage rollers, it can be stated that they are designed mainly for the destruction of soil lumps and compaction of soil on a flat field before or after sowing. There is a problem of high-quality rolling of soil ridges formed simultaneously with the sowing of row crops. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to substantiate the traction resistance of a roller aggregated with a combed roller theoretically. (Materials and methods) The algorithms used to assess the quality of the rollers are imperfect, for reliable justification of the optimization parameter, it is necessary to solve a number of issues, in particular, the methodology for determining the traction resistance of rollers designed for the final creation of soil ridges by simultaneous action of spherical disks and conical wheels on their sides. A skating roller has been developed for the finishing operation of forming a soil ridge with the required parameters and density simultaneously with sowing, the novelty of which is confirmed by patents of the Russian Federation No. 194330, No. 194348, No. 196712. (Results and discussion) The article presents the process of forming a soil ridge by a roller, and the justification of the traction resistance of a ridge drill roller. A vertical load artificially created by a spring additionally acts on the roller of the comb seeder, this load evenly spreads to the conical core and spherical disks of the roller. (Conclusions) The total traction resistance of the roller of the comb seeder is affected by the weight of the conical wheel, frame, additional spring compression load, the size of the rolling wheel and spherical discs, the speed of the roller, as well as the physical and mechanical properties of the soil.

The influence of the cooperation between the military-Industrial complex and agro-industrial on the environment in the Russian Federation

The relevance of the research topic is due to the strategic importance of the transition of Russian agro-industrial complex to innovative development path, which involves the formation of cooperative ties with the military-industrial complex as a driver of new technological solutions. Statement of the problem. The agro-industrial complex has a significant technological lag in terms of technological competitiveness. Statement of the problem. There is a significant technological gap in the agro-industrial complex in terms of smart growth of agribusiness based on digital technologies and solutions, which negatively affects its production, export potential and financial condition. The aim of the research is to study the development of inter-firm cooperation of military-industrial and agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation which makes its influence on the environment. The study considers domestic and foreign experience in the implementation of inter-firm cooperation of industries, an analytical review of the main indicators of development and results of cooperation between the military-industrial complex and agro-industrial complex is given. The conclusion of the scientific research identifies the main problems and prospects for the development of cooperative links of industries, taking into account the external challenges and threats to the global economy.

Time as a key resource for the effective operation of the Russian agro-industrial complex in digital transformation context

The article discusses the features of the activities of enterprises of the Russian agro-industrial complex in digital transformation context. The main types of resources used by them for effective work are highlighted and the task is to study time as an intangible asset that can be used to increase the efficiency of activities. This category is considered from the standpoint of classical science, its definition is given and the main properties are highlighted. The necessity of studying time as a resource and its use in the work of enterprises as a factor in the growth of profitability has been substantiated. The analysis of classical and modern systems of organizing the work of enterprises, including their tools. Based on the analysis, it has been established that during the period of digital transformation of the economy and the agro-industrial complex, little attention is paid to time as a resource, and the rational use of resources needs to be improved. For this reason, the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex is considered as the main vector of the development of the complex. The main directions of its transition from the traditional form to new methods of work, its elements, ways of reducing errors and increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in this sector of the economy are shown. The main advantages of such a development are presented. In the course of further analysis, it was found that the time factor in the agro-industrial complex during the period of digital transformation plays a key role. Time has been proven to be both a factor and a resource. It is concluded that the competent use of all types of production resources in time allows to obtain a synergistic effect.

Managing the Russian Agro-Industrial Complex During the Pandemic in the Context of Digitalization

The article proves that the agro-industrial complex of Russia is a set of industries connected by economic relations in the field of agricultural production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of agricultural products. In the context of the pandemic, the sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex of any country can be significantly shaken, but the conducted study proved that these adverse conditions did not have a significant impact on the Russian agricultural complex. To develop fundamental science in the field of agriculture, the authors present a graphical interpretation of the interaction of factors that affect the performance of the agro-industrial complex, as well as propose a model of the management structure at the state level, based on the characteristic aspects of the agro-industrial complex management. One of the key factors in ensuring the profitability of agricultural enterprises is subsidies allocated from budgets of various levels. Therefore, the article pays great attention to legislative materials reflecting the financing of agricultural producers' activities.

Современные тренды развития российского АПК

Aim. Assess the current state of the agro-industrial complex in Russia and determine new prospects for its development. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out using methods of statistical analysis of reports posted in the public domain on the Rosstat website, using methods of horizontal and vertical data analysis, using methods of logical and comparative characteristics of regulatory materials and reporting reviews. Results. The main directions of the development of the modern agro-industrial complex of Russia in the conditions of the ongoing pandemic development are identified, and the most promising branches of crop and livestock breeding, capable of working for export, are identified. An assessment of the financial support of the new approved state program was carried out, within the framework of which the main trends of the future progressive development of the agro-industrial complex were determined. Conclusion. Conclusions are made about the need to expand government support measures for the agricultural sector, which has demonstrated high resilience and good export potential in the context of a pandemic. The implementation of the new state program will expand the production base of agricultural sectors, which will serve as an additional incentive for future progressive development agro-industrial complex.

Future agro-industrial technologies and food security in advanced engineering education

The article is devoted to some aspects of creating technologies and equipment for the future agro-industrial complex of Russia. The focus is on the dependence of the solution to the issues of the accelerated development of the agro-industrial complex on the intellectualization of the educational process in higher education. The range of issues discussed includes: the role of fundamental science in the development of the country's agro-industrial complex; a new paradigm of scientific activity; close relationship of agricultural scientists and scientists of the food and processing sectors of the agro-industrial complex; quality of engineering education; the concept of advanced education and its fundamental orientation towards the future; the transition from the sum of scattered special knowledge to a system of knowledge in the form of a set of textbooks in special disciplines; description of a set of 19 books "Engineering of food technology". Particular attention is paid to the relationship between the future of the agro-industrial complex and the system of advanced engineering education. What does it take to achieve the goals of advanced engineering education? First, to expand the vector of work of professors, teachers and students from the transfer and assimilation of pragmatic knowledge to the formulation and solution of the problems of the agro-industrial complex. Secondly, to widely introduce methods of self-education based on information and telecommunication technologies, which is especially important for Russia, which has a huge territory. Third, to implement the ideas of advanced education in order to prepare students for the perception of the agro-industrial complex of the future. Therefore, the intellectualization of the educational process should be considered as a problem of today and a key to the country's food security.

КОНЦЕПЦИЯ УТИЛИЗАЦИИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ И ОБЩИЕ ПРИНЦИПЫ ЕЕ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ

In a broad sense, the utilization of agricultural machinery is a set of technical, organizational, economic, legal, financial and environmental measures to ensure the effective utilization of agricultural machinery, its aggregates (compo-nents of the technical base) at the final stage of the life cycle in order to maximize involvement in economic turnover. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the work of foreign and domestic authors related to the formation of a resource-saving, environmentally-oriented system for recycling equipment. (Materials and methods) The article presents diverse studies in various areas, in which various materials and methods were used. Authors used a large amount of data characterizing the possibilities of creating a system for recycling agricultural ma-chinery in the agro-industrial complex of Russia, based on the state of the agricul-tural machine-tractor fleet, its age characteristics and the ability of engineering enterprises to carry out this type of activity. The obtained information was processed using statistical analysis methods. (Results and condemnation) The developed con-cept determines the necessity of creating a specific (industry-specific) system for the disposal of agricultural machinery in the agro-industrial complex of Russia as a component of a unified system for the disposal of machinery. (Conclusions) The conducted research showed that Russia is significantly lagging behind foreign countries in solving the problem of recycling equipment, so the best option can be considered to be working out the recycling mechanism in the process of building a local (industry) recycling system at the regional level. This will allow us to work out the elements of the national system for the disposal of decommissioned equip-ment in a relatively short time with minimal expenditure of various kinds of resources. The article presents the amount of subsidies for the creation of a specific system for the disposal of agricultural machinery in Russia.

Strategic Management as a Basis of Sustainable Development in Agricultural Production

Aim. The presented study aims to substantiate a structural model for developing a sustainable development strategy in agricultural production, making allowance for changes in the level of impact of environmental factors.Tasks. The authors determine the reasons why the Russian agro-industrial complex (AIC) is lagging; identify the specific aspects of forming a strategy for the sustainable development of regional AICs; formulate urgent problems of sustainable development for the agri-food sector of the Russian economy at the federal, regional, and enterprise levels.Methods. This study uses a reasonable and objective approach to the problem of applying strategic management as a foundation for the sustainable development of agricultural production based on the knowledge of the laws of development of socio-ecological and economic systems and a study of multidirectional factors of the external and internal environment. The methodological basis for the sustainable development of agricultural production includes the concept of sustainable development as a priority at the macroeconomic level; strategy as a planning tool based on consistency with programs implemented at the federal, regional and municipal levels of public administration; methods and tools of strategic management at AIC enterprises.Results. The key aspects of the institutional-synergetic approach to the sustainable development of the AIC include the need to coordinate all factors by forming coherent goals not only among economic and financial institutions, but also for technopolises that combine scientific, industrial, financial, and entrepreneurial capital into one system cluster structure. The authors formulate the stages of implementing a strategy for the sustainable development of regional AICs, making it possible to come up with measures aimed at reorganizing the structure of the agricultural sector and to overcome the negative manifestations of crises in the Russian economy, thus minimizing their consequences.Conclusions. During the development of a strategy for the sustainable development of regional AICs, a multiplicative effect arises, making it possible to activate innovation policy and boost the development of other sectors of the economy, improving the population’s quality of life. When developing a strategy at the microeconomic level, it is necessary to make allowance for the specifics of the industry and the mission of a modern agro-industrial enterprise and to focus on solving problems formulated based on the trinity of goals of social, environmental, and economic long-term sustainable development.

State support of the Russian agro-industrial complex in the digital economy

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to solve the problem of the development of state regulation of the functioning of the agro-industrial complex in the context of digital transformation, as well as the development and justification of ways to improve its efficiency. The existing system of state regulation does not fully take into account the needs of the agro-industrial complex in the development of digital transformation and is not sufficiently focused on stimulating the introduction of digital technologies. The scientific novelty of the study is to clarify the methodology for evaluating the implementation of the state program for the introduction of the digital economy. To analyse the effect of the introduction of digital technologies in agriculture, we have clarified the methodology for calculating the efficiency assessment. We have proposed a new model for the successful transition to digital technology of agricultural enterprises.

ИННОВАЦИОННЫЙ АСПЕКТ РАЗВИТИЯ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА В РЕГИОНАХ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The research is devoted to the search for more effective ways of developing the modern Russian agro-industrial complex based on the creation of new tools and models of innovative renewal. The authors proceed from the imperative of the regional development of this economic sector, as the most popular and having established trends that suggest an algorithm for further effective progressive movement. The existing both domestic and foreign experience acquired in this direction is analyzed. It seems to the authors that the algorithms of the system development vectors obtained on the ground can be successfully used, after the application of adaptive smoothing, in most subjects of the Russian Federation. During the study of the material, systematic, complex, situational and process approaches are used, as well as methods of multifactor analysis. The rationale for the competent combination and implementation of the symbiosis of the entire experimental layer accumulated in our country and abroad is given.

НИВЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМНЫХ ВАРИАЦИЙ РАЗВИТИЯ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА РОССИИ НА ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОМ УРОВНЕ

In this work the development of agro-industrial complex (agrarian and industrial complex) is reflected in Russia on the periods of development and the problems arising at the same time and also solutions of these questions. The prospects for the development of agro-industrial complex in Russia at present and the mechanisms for regulating these processes have been investigated. The role of the state in the regulation and development of agro-industrial complex is considered. Methods, management bodies and territorial features of state regulation of agro-industrial complex in Russia have been studied.

Implementation of Russian Transport and Logistics Potential in the Export of Grain Products

The article reflects the current state of logistics transport capabilities aimed at expanding the trade potential of the Russian agro-industrial complex on the example of the grain industry. The authors note that one of the components of successful foreign economic relations is the degree of development of distribution processes both within a single state and in the global economy. The transport capabilities of an individual state affect the intensity of trade relations no less than resource and production ones. The conducted study of the state of transport capabilities has revealed the lack of development of the latter, especially railway transport and grain transshipment capabilities in seaports, which prevents an increase in the volume of grain exports to strategic foreign partners. This, in turn, has determined the importance of the topic and required an analysis of the state's activities to reform the logistics capabilities of the transport infrastructure. Contradictions between the state policy in the field of transport infrastructure development and its real results have been revealed. Using the example of sea transportation, the authors have analyzed the capacity of key ports that transship grain for export.

ЦИФРОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ КОМПЛЕКСЕ

The article discusses the conditions for the introduction of digital technologies in modern agriculture in Russia. The features of the Russian agro-industrial complex that have the greatest impact on the efficiency of digitalization of agriculture are analyzed. The aim of the study is to identify the impact of digital technologies on agriculture. The article is based on the scientific works of Russian and foreign scientists and agencies. The paper also uses a set of scientific approaches and methods that are based on theoretical and methodological research of the latest digital technologies and the possibility of their integration into the agricultural sector. The growth of both the capacity and the need for data collection, management and analysis can lead to a fundamental change in the organization of the food system. Digital including some end-to-end technologies, are making significant changes in the agricultural sector, from the automation of agricultural machinery to the optimization of the agri-food supply chain and the cost of resources, including human labor. The article analyzes the external and internal drivers of digitalization of agriculture. Brief characteristics of the latest technologies are given, and a study of their potential and possible application in agriculture is conducted. Various ways of digitalization are analyzed, from the application of low-tech solutions using the simplest technologies for obtaining management recommendations to high-tech smart farming which include a variety of sensors, the Internet of Things, big data analytics, robotics and artificial intelligence for process automation. The article examines the opportunities and problems that these innovations cause, the current state of the introduction of digital technologies in Russia, and analyzes the experience of various countries in the use of these technologies in agriculture.