Performance Of Agricultural Sector Research Articles

The Role of the Service Sector in the Indian Economy

Service sector also recognized as tertiary or residual sector is indispensable for economic development in any economy including India. It has developed as the main and fastest-growing sector in the global economy in the last three decades. The present study makes an analysis of service sector in Indian economy. The paper also makes an analysis of Indian services sector through examining its growth and contributions in the economy. The paper also highlights reform measures that will enable the services sector to not only to grow at a fast pace but also create quality employment and attract investment. The study confirms that services sector has grown at the significant rate in comparison to other sectors. Its growth rate is found to be higher than growth of overall GDP. Rising share of this sector in GDP over covers the poor performance of agriculture sector. As a service, sub-sector, trade is dominant all in terms of its contribution in Indian GDP. The employment percentage in service sector as well as in industry sector is rising while in agriculture, it is falling continuously. A large proportion of Indian population is still engaged in agriculture sector and the next largest employer is service sector where trade, hotels & restaurants and community, social & personal services are the significant generator of employment. Thus, service sector which is dominant in terms of its growth & shares serves as an engine of growth for Indian economy. It is important for a developing country like India with a large and young population to generate quality employment and move up the value chain. India needs private investments in key infrastructure services such as transport, energy and telecommunications.

A Study on the performance of Agricultural Sector in India

<span>The time series data at all India level on area, production and productivity of foodgrains, production and per capita availability of milk and eggs and production of meat were compiled and a decade wise analysis of growth rate, instability index and decomposition analysis was done to study the performance of agriculture sector. During the overall period, the area under food grains showed negative growth whereas production and productivity growth was positive. For milk and egg, both production and per capita availability showed positive growth. Meat production showed a positively significant growth rate. Growth rate in area, production and productivity of both vegetables and fruits was positive. In general, for foodgrains, the yield effect was higher than the area effect which could be attributed to increased use of high yielding varieties. For vegetables and fruits, the contribution of area effect was more than that of yield and the interaction effect suggesting that measures should be taken to improve their productivity. </span>

A Study on the performance of Agricultural Sector in India

The time series data at all India level on area, production and productivity of foodgrains, production and per capita availability of milk and eggs and production of meat were compiled and a decade wise analysis of growth rate, instability index and decomposition analysis was done to study the performance of agriculture sector. During the overall period, the area under food grains showed negative growth whereas production and productivity growth was positive. For milk and egg, both production and per capita availability showed positive growth. Meat production showed a positively significant growth rate. Growth rate in area, production and productivity of both vegetables and fruits was positive. In general, for foodgrains, the yield effect was higher than the area effect which could be attributed to increased use of high yielding varieties. For vegetables and fruits, the contribution of area effect was more than that of yield and the interaction effect suggesting that measures should be taken to improve their productivity.

THE IMPACT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT ON AGRICULTURAL SECTOR PERFOMANCE IN KENYA

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of research and development investment/expenditure on the agricultural sector performance in Kenya.Methodology: The study took the peoples impact assessment direction. The data for this study was collected from various government agencies such as KARI, ASTI, Kenya Agricultural Sector Data compendium website, FAOSTAT, World Bank among others. Co-integration and error correction modeling methods were used in analyzing the data for this study.Results: Co-integration results for both the parsimonious and non-parsimonious model indicated that that there is a long-run relationship among the variables in the agriculture performance in Kenya. Further, findings in this study indicated that the variables under study were insignificant determinants of the long run Total Factor Productivity of the agricultural sector. Meanwhile, Trade openness was the only significant determinant of the short run agricultural Total Factor Productivity.Unique Contribution to Policy and Practice: This study recommends the institutionalization of policies aimed at ensuring interaction between the various stakeholders in the agricultural sectors. This interaction will ensure that resources are better allocated to reduce duplication of research and dissemination activities. In addition, greater collaboration among the stakeholders will promote and strengthen the connection between research, policy and the application of research findings. The study further advocates that the government should follow a trade liberazation oriented approach to the agricultural sector as opposed to a trade tightening approach.

Adopting Agricultural Marketing Approach for Improving Agricultural Sector Performance in Nigeria

Adopting Agricultural Marketing Approach for Improving Agricultural Sector Performance in Nigeria

Perencanaan Pembangunan Ekonomi Wilayah Berbasis Pertanian dalam Rangka Pengurangan Kemiskinan di Kalimantan Barat

Agriculture-based economic development planning is one of the efforts to reduce poverty in West Kalimantan by synergizing the performance of regional finance and agriculture sectors. The present study aimed at identifying relationship between the performance of regional finance, the performance of agriculture sector and poverty level of West Kalimantan. Analytical tools used to achieve the objectives of this research were descriptive statistics and panel data methods. The results show a positive relationship between the performance of regional finance and agriculture sectors. Gradual reallocation of agricultural budget can be an option for government to determine annual budget. Increase in preparatory investment and reallocation of regional government investment is a necessary policy to give allocation priority for agriculture sectors development. The agriculture sectors, in this case the segment of agriculture sectors on GRDP of West Kalimantan, negatively affect the poverty level. The development of agriculture sectors run by the government should be followed by the increase in human resources quality.

IMPACT OF STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS ON AGRICULTURAL SECTOR GROWTH IN KENYA

Purpose: The study was an examination of the impact of structural adjustment programs on agricultural growth in Kenya.Methodology: The study examined the short run and long run determinants of agricultural sector performance in Kenya. To achieve this, the study use time series regression modeling for data spanning from 1975 to 2010. Tests of normality, unit roots test and cointergration test was applied to determine the properties of the data. Upon proof of cointergration, an error correction model was estimated to link the short run and the long run relationships.Results: The results indicated that structural adjustment programme (SAPs) had a negative and significant long run effect on per capita agriculture GDP. The study concluded that Post Election Violence had a negative and significant long run effect on the per capital agriculture GDP. The study also concluded that the lagged per capital agricultural performance had a positive and significant effect on the per capita agricultural performance. The results also led to the conclusion that the long run per capita agricultural growth may be linked to the short run growth by an error correction term of -0.242583 which indicates that 0.242% of the disequilibria in short run per capita agricultural sector GDP achieved in one period are corrected in the subsequent period. The results also led to the conclusion that weather indicators (temperature and precipitation), and per capita infrastructure did not have a significant effect on the short run and long run per capita Agricultural GDP.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that some harmful policies need to be eliminated such as the removal of subsidies. Other policy recommendations are to enhance the adaptation of privatized agricultural institutions; encouragement of value addition in primary agricultural products; non price mechanisms such as infrastructure should be encouraged especially in the rural areas; and enhancement of the political stability of the country especially during electioneering years.

Agricultural Performance of Telangana State: An Analysis

Agricultural sector occupies apredominant place in the growth and development of Indian economy. The development of agriculture sector is crucial for a balanced regional development of the country. Similarly, it can be said that agriculture has been playinga dynamic role in thedevelopment of Telangana's economy. Around 60 percent of the state population depends on agriculture and allied activities as a major source of food and livelihood. Moreover, agriculture and allied sectors are contributing around 13 percent to the total Gross State Domestic Production (GSDP). Adoption of new technology, modern inputs and government policies have helped the state to touch the new heights. Agricultural Development also has a lot of importance in modern economies. The development of agriculture provides indispensable capital for the expansion of other sectors viz. industry, foreign trade and transport. Based on some of the available data and literature on the subject, the present study attempts to present abrief analysis of the growth and performance of agricultural sector in terms of area undercultivation, production and yield of major crops viz. rice, maize, pulses, oilseeds, sugarcane and cotton in Telangana in recent years and the brief profile of the Indian agriculture. The study covers the period from 2001–2002 to 2015–16 and it is based on secondary data available at Directorate of Economics and Statistics (DE&S) and several other sources.

Growth and Instability of Foodgrains in Telangana: A State Level Analysis from 1955–56 to 2015–16

Agricultural sector plays the pivotal role in the overall development of Telangana economy. Nearly 62 percent of Telangana’s population lives in rural areas and 55 percent of the workforce actually engaged in agricultural activities. Agricultural sector is a major source of livelihood for a large majority of the State population. In this study, an attempt has been made to know the performance of agriculture sector in Telangana state by knowing the growth trends and instability in area, production and yield of foodgrain crops in the state for the period 1955-56 to 2015-16. It has been observed that the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of foodgrains production, area and yield showed a decreasing trend. The production of total foodgrains has the negative growth rate of -0.94 percent during the overall study period. The overall average production of total foodgrains is 41.92 lakh tonnes and area under total food crops is registered 34.77 lakh hectares. However, in the case of instability, Standard Deviation (absolute change) for overall period in the production of foodgrain is registered 20.74 lakh tonnes which are about 49.30 percent (Coefficient of Variation). Likewise, the total absolute change (Standard Deviation) in the area under cultivation of food grain crops is only 5.39 lakh hectares which is about 15.49 percent (Coefficient of Variation) during the study period in addition to this instability in food grains yield is showing an increasing trend over the period. Instability in production and yield is increased more and more after the introduction of economic reforms in the state compared to the adoption of new technology (green revolution) in agricultural sector.

Challenges, Options and Strategies for Doubling Farmers’ Income in West Bengal – Reflections from Coastal Region

Despite leading in production of many important agricultural commodities, the income of agriculture dependent households remained one of the lowest ( 3980/month per households) in West Bengal and far below the national average ( 6426/month/household). The paper has analysed the past performance of agriculture sector in the state's economy from the available secondary data and also has looked into effectiveness of the existing price policy. Besides, technology options, agricultural market scenario/linkage have been analysed through primary information from the most vulnerable group of farmers in the coastal region to understand how far doubling of income was achievable. However, the micro-level households’ data analysis has indicated ample opportunities to increase farmers’ income through enhancing cropping system intensification. Technology options are also available for increasing cropping intensities. The agriculture sector needs policy thrust like attracting private investment, value addition to agricultural commodities and marketing innovations. The paper has concluded that doubling of farmers’ income in West Bengal is a challenging tasks, particularly due to low agricultural growth (< 2%), lack of market innovations and private investment, but is achievable. The real concern for the farmers in the state was not only to achieve higher (double) income for farmers but also to sustain the enhanced farmers’ income which is inclusive across the farmers’ groups.

Growth of area, yield and agricultural production in Punjab (1961–2015)-A case for diversification for better returns and agricultural sustainability

This paper briefly outlines the performance of agricultural sector in Punjab since 1960–61 to 2014–15. It tries to highlight the reasons for emergence of low returns and high costs of cultivation in the state. The compound annual growth rate of area, yield and production of various crops has been worked out to see the trends in yield and area and its impact on crop production. Index of diversity has also been worked out for various sub-periods under study. The paper highlights the problems and challenges that concern the agriculture sector of the economy and suggests the needed measures in order to make Punjab agriculture ecologically viable and economically remunerative.

Off-farm employment and agricultural specialization in China

While it is well known that China's off farm labor market is emerging rapidly, less is known about the effect of movement off the farm on the farming practices of those that have continued to farm. The overall goal of this paper is to analyze the effects of changes in China's off farm employment on one aspect of the performance of China's agricultural sector: the emergence of specialization in farming. To achieve this goal, we have three specific objectives. First, we document the changes in the flow of labor out of China's villages. Second, we examine how specialization in farming has changed over time. Third, we examine the association between off farm labor flows and specialization. Using panel data from a national representative data collected by the authors between 1999 and 2008, the analysis finds that off farm employment is indeed rising rapidly. At the same time, specialization is occurring off and on the farm. There is a strong and robust correlation between off farm employment and on farm specialization. The results imply that China's agriculture has responded dynamically to the modernization happening elsewhere in the economy.

The Impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Networking Capabilities on the Export Performance of Nigerian Agricultural SMEs

SME internationalisation is growing apace, signifying the global importance of SMEs to local and global economies. A key form of SME internationalisation is export. This article provides an empirical basis to understand how institutional factors could affect export performance of the Nigerian agricultural sector’s SMEs. We empirically assess the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, networking capability, institutional environment factors and export performance of 235 Nigerian agricultural firms. The result affirms that there is a strong positive relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, networking capabilities, institutional environment factors and the export performance of agricultural sector SMEs in Nigeria. Our results suggest that the ability of agricultural SMEs to be proactive, innovative, take risks, manages its networking capabilities and institutional environment factors; all having a direct impact on the export performance of Nigerian Agricultural SME’s. Institutional environment factors such as government policies, procedures and regulations can lessen the influence of entrepreneurial orientation and networking capabilities on Nigerian agricultural SMEs’ export performance. Our research offers guidance for future research on the internationalisation of agricultural SMEs, especially in emerging economies.

A Review of Monetary Policy and the Nigerian Agricultural Sector Performance

A Review of Monetary Policy and the Nigerian Agricultural Sector Performance

EFFECTS OF INTEREST RATE DEREGULATION ON AGRICULTURAL FINANCE AND GROWTH IN NIGERIA

The study examined the effects of interest rate deregulation on agricultural finance and growth in Nigeria. The study specifically ascertained the factors that determine the aggregate credit volume to agriculture within the periods of regulation and deregulation in the Nigerian economy, determined the effects of government finance interventions on agricultural sector performance in the Nigerian economy, determined the periodic effects of macroeconomic financial indicators on Agriculture’s gross domestic product (GDP) contribution to Nigerian economy and estimated the level of real credit growth of agricultural finance in Nigeria. Descriptive statistics, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression technique and chow test were used for data analysis. The chow test showed that there was a significant differential effect on the aggregate credit volume to agricultural sector between the regulated and deregulated regimes. Interest rate was an important determinant of aggregate credit volume to the agricultural sector in Nigeria, especially during the deregulated period but monetary authorities should ensure appropriate determination of interest rate level that will break the double-edge effect of interest rates on savers and investors.

A Stochastic Frontier Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Maize Production Under Minimum Tillage in Zambia

&lt;p&gt;Minimum tillage and other conservation agriculture practices are not only associated with income gains but are also claimed to be the panacea to the declining agricultural productivity and soil degradation problems in Africa and across the world. The few studies on technical efficiency related to the agricultural sector performance in Zambia have not attempted to determine how technically efficient smallholder farmers that produce maize under minimum tillage are. This study used stochastic frontier analysis based on both the half-normal and exponential model distributions on 2008 cross-sectional nationally representative data of 160 smallholder maize farm households that adopted minimum tillage in Zambia. Results indicate that maize farmers face increasing returns to scale (1.074) implying that there were opportunities for them to improve their technical efficiency as they were operating in stage I of their production functions. The half-normal and exponential model distributions indicate average technical efficiency scores of 60 and 71.7 percent, respectively. Their respective lowest efficiency scores were 9.3 and 8.5 percent. The highest efficiency scores for the half-normal and exponential model distributions were 89.3 and 90.9 percent. Maximum likelihood estimation results show that marital status, level of education of household head, square of household size, off farm income, agro-ecological region III, distance to vehicular road and access to loans are statistically significant factors that affect technical efficiency of smallholder maize farmers that practice minimum tillage in Zambia. The study calls for increased infrastructural development through construction of improved road network, schools and colleges in remote areas as a means to increasing accesss to knowledge and other agricultural services in order to enhance their technical efficiency levels. It also recommends promotion of minimum tillage practices in recommended agro-ecological regions to improve their technical efficiency. The study further acclaims for increased access to loans by smallholder maize farmers that practice minimum tillage as this would in one way induce them to invest in improved varieties and equipment that would help enhance their technical efficiency in Zambia.&lt;/p&gt;

Capital Stock Value Development in Relation to the New EU Countries' Agricultural Sector Development

This paper will analyse agricultural sector development in individual new EU member states with emphasis on capital stock value development in agriculture. The main objective is to identify the relationship between capital stock value development, and agricultural sector performance in the individual analysed countries. The results of the analysis are as follows. The agricultural sector has significantly changed its structure and position within the national economy of individual new EU member states in the 20 years since the early 1990s. The size of the agricultural sector reduced in each of the analysed countries, resulting in a reduction in the value of the agricultural sector performance. Despite the significant reduction of the agricultural sector in many analysed, some became more efficient in terms of their agricultural sector performance. Individual country’s agricultural sectors became more effective and more competitive. Individual country’s agricultural sector size and performance development are closely related to capital stock value in agriculture. Both the agricultural sector structure, and agricultural sector production performance are closely related to available capital stock value. In line with the main objective of this paper, the most sensitive segments of the agricultural sector in relation to capital stock are livestock production, land development and the number of economically active persons in agriculture. Regarding sensitivity of agricultural production performance in relation to changes in capital stock value, the most sensitive are livestock production and non-food agricultural production.

Growth and Performance of Agriculture Sector in India

The growth of agriculture and allied sectors is critical for the Indian economy as about 49 percent of the population is directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture. During the last decade and so, the agriculture sector has undergone profound changes resulting in sharp deceleration in its growth. The study has attempted to analyze growth and performance of the agriculture sector in India since 1980-81 and tries to comprehend some of the factors responsible for the deceleration in growth. The study has shown that agriculture sector has been able to show tremendous improvement in expansion of area and production of food grain and non-food grain crops. However, there are so many underlying factors responsible for slowdown of the agricultural growth. Some of the factors identified include: Increase in area under non-agriculture uses, excessive dependence on rain fed farming, increase in number of agricultural labourers, reducing size of the operation holdings, over use of agri-inputs, inequity in the distribution of agriculture credit along with sharp deceleration in public gross capital formation in agriculture etc. The study pointed in order to achieve higher growth rate, there is a need to enhance the gross capital formation in agriculture sector particularly on irrigation so that more area can be brought under assured irrigation. Bringing equity in distribution of agricultural credit coupled with judicious and need-based agricultural inputs are some of the other recommendations drawn based upon the study.

Performance of Agriculture sector in India with Special Reference to Food grains

In the present study, an attempt has been made to know the performance of agriculture sector in India by knowing the trends in area, production and productivity of food grain crops in India for the period 1980-81 to 2012-13. It has been observed that the compound growth rate in the area under total food grain revealed a declining trend. The production of total food grain crops grow at the rate of 1.94 per cent per annum during the study period. The productivity of total food grains grow at a rate of 2.08 per cent per annum. The overall average production of total food grains is 188.37 million tonnes out of which Rice has maximum average production i.e. 78.68 million tonnes during the study period. The overall average productivity of total food grain is 1522.06 kg/hectare out of wheat has maximum average productivity i.e. 2440.70 kg/hectare. The overall average area under total food grains is registered 125.93 million hectare out of which Rice has occupied maximum average area i.e. 42.48 million hectare. But, the overall absolute variability (Standard Deviation) in the production of total food grain is registered 35.39 million tonnes which is about 18.79 per cent (Coefficient of Variation). Similarly, the overall absolute change (Standard Deviation) in the productivity of total food grain is 279.29 kg/hectare which is 19.53 per cent (Coefficient of Variation) and the overall change in the area under cultivation of food grain crops is only 3.28 million hectares which is about 2.65 per cent during the study period.

The Impacts of Regional Governments’ Expenditures on the Agricultural Sector and Economic Performance in Indonesia

The amount and composition of government expenditure in fiscal operations has a significant impact on aggregate demand and national output and affects resource allocationin an economy. Therefore, in order to achieve effective economic development, regional government spending has to be allocated appropriately according to the potentials of each area. The purpose of the study is to examine the impacts of regional government spending on investment, employment, economic growth, and poverty in the areas where the contribution of the agricultural sector to GRDP is high and low. This Study utilizes an econometric model of simultaneous equations system using panel data of 20 provinces in Indonesia for the period of 2003-2011. Several simulations (counter-factual experiments) were conducted. The 20 sampled provinces were classified into two groups based on the contribution of agricultural sector to the respective regional economy. In provinces where the agricultural sector is dominant, an increase in government spending on agriculture-- subject to a constant total government expenditure--increases the total investment, total employment, the total GRDP, and decreases poverty rate. On the other hand, in provinces where agriculture is not dominant, it decreases the total investment.