Agricultural Quarantine Research Articles

PROFIL TITER ANTIBODI Avian influenza (AI) MELALUI UJI Haemaglutination Inhibition (HI) DAN IDENTIFIKASI PENERAPAN BIOSECURITY DI PETERNAKAN AYAM FILIPHINE KOTA GORONTALO

This research aimed to determine the percentage of protective antibody titers of Avian influenza (AI) and the application of biosecurity in Filipino chicken farms in Gorontalo City. This research used direct observation of the application of biosecurity on farms, and data on Avian influenza antibody titers were obtained based on the results of tests conducted during the intership at Class II Agricultural Quarantine Center of Gorontalo. Data analysis was carried out ini a qualitative descriptive manner. The results showed that the percentage of protective antibody titers for Avian influenza (AI) in the 3 Filipino chicken farms was 3.22% in farm ZD, 0% in farm MCY, and 0% in farm AT. The percentage obtained shows that the presence and spread of Avian influenza in the 3 Filipino chicken farms in Gorontalo City is still low. The application of biosecurity on farms shows that the 3 Filipino chicken farms in Gorontalo City were focused on isolation and sanitation, although the implementation was still lacking in detail and comprehensiveness. The focus of biosecurity on isolation and sanitation components causes weaknesses in traffic control components.
 Keyword: Avian influenza antibody titer, protective antibody, application of biosecurity, Filipino chicken

Identification of agricultural quarantine materials in passenger's luggage using ion mobility spectroscopy combined with a convolutional neural network.

As economic globalization intensifies, the recent increase in agricultural products and travelers from abroad has led to an increase in the probability of invasive alien species. A major pathway for invasive alien species is agricultural quarantine materials (AQMs) in travelers' baggage. Thus, it is meaningful to develop efficient methods for early detection and prompt action against AQMs. In this study, a method based on the combination of odor detection of AQMs using ion mobility spectroscopy (IMS) and convolutional neural network (CNN) analysis for the identification of AQM species in luggage was developed. Two different ways were investigated to feed the IMS data of AQMs into the CNN, either as one-dimensional data (1D) (as a spectrum) or as two-dimensional data (2D) (as an IMS topographic map). The performances of CNN models were also compared to those of the commonly used classification algorithms: partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA). By doing gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM), the essential IMS feature regions from the CNN models to predict different AQM species were also identified. The results of this research demonstrated that the application of the CNN to the IMS data of AQMs yielded superior classification performance compared to PLS-DA and SIMCA. Especially, the CNN-2D model which utilized the IMS topographic map as input achieved the best classification accuracy both on the calibration and validation sets. In addition, the Grad-CAM method had an ability to detect critical discriminating spectral regions for different types of AQM samples, and could provide explanation for the CNNs' decision-making. Despite the inherent limitations of the present analytical protocol, the results showed that the method of IMS in combination with a CNN has great potential to be a complement for sniffer dogs and X-ray imaging techniques to detect AQMs.

Implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2019 Tentang Karantina Hewan, Ikan Dan Tumbuhan Pada Balai Besar Karantina Pertanian Belawan

This study aims to analyze the implementation of plant quarantine policies in the work unit of the Belawan Agricultural Quarantine Center. This study uses a qualitative approach where the researcher is the key instrument, the data collection technique is trangulation (observation, interviews and documentation), the data obtained tends to be qualitative data, the data analysis is qualitative and the results of qualitative research are to understand the meaning and construct the phenomenon of policy implementation. plant quarantine service regulations. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the policy on plant quarantine service regulations has not been able to be carried out optimally even though the stipulated legal regulations have been enforced. This is due to the lack of communication or dissemination of information about quarantine to the entire community, especially service users. Besides, other indicators are due to the lack of civil servant field officers at the Belawan Agricultural Quarantine Center and the lack of technology that supports services at the Belawan Agricultural Quarantine Center.

Potential global distribution of Aleurocanthus woglumi considering climate change and irrigation.

Citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is an important agricultural quarantine pest, causing substantial economic losses to citrus and many other cultivated crops. Aleurocanthus woglumi is found in tropical and subtropical regions but is presently unknown in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. We used CLIMEX to model the potential distribution of A. woglumi under an historical climate scenario (centred on 1995), including a spatially explicit irrigation scenario. We found that A. woglumi could potentially invade the Mediterranean Basin, and south-east Asia, including Australia. There is potential for it to invade most of sub-Saharan Africa. Irrigation is revealed as an important habitat factor affecting the potential distribution of A. woglumi, increasing its potential range by 53% in Asia. Under a future climate scenario for 2050, its potential distribution increased across all continents except Africa, where potential range expansion due to relaxation of cold stresses was limited, and was offset by range decrease due to lethal heat or dry stress. As global climates warm, Europe is likely to face a substantial increase in the area at risk of establishment by A. woglumi (almost doubling under the 2050 irrigation scenario). The biosecurity threat from A. woglumi is significant in current citrus production areas and poses a challenge to biosecurity managers and risk analysts.

THE ROLE OF AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT IN MEDIATING THE EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE COMPETENCY, TRAINING AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE (EMPIRICAL STUDY AT THE CLASS I AGRICULTURE QUARANTINE SEMARANG)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of affective commitment in mediating the influence of employee competencies, training, organizational culture on employee performance. The population in this study were employees of the Class 1 Agricultural Quarantine Semarang, which numbered 100 employees. The sampling method uses the census method. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Square. This study shows that employee competency, training, and organizational culture have a significant positive effect on affective commitment. Affective commitment, employee competency, and organizational culture have a significant positive effect on employee performance. Training does not affect employee performance. Affective commitment can mediate in full (complete) the influence of employee competency, training, organizational culture on employee performance. Keywords: employee competency, training, organizational culture, affective commitment, employee performance.

Assessment of the Job Perrormance of Egyptian Agricultural Quarantine Workers in the Arab Republic of Egypt

Assessment of the Job Perrormance of Egyptian Agricultural Quarantine Workers in the Arab Republic of Egypt

PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU, PENGALMAN KEREJA DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI KANTOR BALAI BESAR KARANTINA PERTANIAN SURABAYA

This research was conducted at the Office of the Surabaya Agricultural Quarantine Center with a population of 286 people, the number of research samples was 166 people. The research objective is to describe and determine whether individual characteristics, work experience, work environment have an influence either simultaneously or partially on the performance of the employees of the Surabaya Agricultural Quarantine Office. Furthermore, to determine which variables among individual characteristics, work experience, work environment have a dominant influence on the performance of the employees of the Surabaya Agricultural Quarantine Office. This type of research used in this research is explanatory research. The approach in this research uses a quantitative approach. The results show that simultaneously, individual characteristics, work experience and work environment have a significant influence on employee performance. Partially, individual characteristics, work experience and work environment have a significant influence on employee performance and work experience has a dominant influence on employee performance. Keywords: individual characteristics, work experience, work environment, employee performance

PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU, PENGALMAN KEREJA DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI KANTOR BALAI BESAR KARANTINA PERTANIAN SURABAYA

This research was conducted at the Office of the Surabaya Agricultural Quarantine Center with a population of 286 people, the number of research samples was 166 people. The research objective is to describe and determine whether individual characteristics, work experience, work environment have an influence either simultaneously or partially on the performance of the employees of the Surabaya Agricultural Quarantine Office. Furthermore, to determine which variables among individual characteristics, work experience, work environment have a dominant influence on the performance of the employees of the Surabaya Agricultural Quarantine Office. This type of research used in this research is explanatory research. The approach in this research uses a quantitative approach. The results show that simultaneously, individual characteristics, work experience and work environment have a significant influence on employee performance. Partially, individual characteristics, work experience and work environment have a significant influence on employee performance and work experience has a dominant influence on employee performance. Keywords: individual characteristics, work experience, work environment, employee performance

Uji Patogenesitas Oospora Peronospora manshurica Asal Kedelai Impor pada Tiga Kultivar Kedelai

Downy mildew in soybean plants is caused by the fungus Peronosporamanshurica. This fungus is an obligate parasite and its existence in Indonesia is still limited. This study aims to determine the pathogenicity of the fungus P. manshurica carried on imported seeds of soybeans from Malaysia. The Oospora from imported soybean seeds from the Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center was tested for its pathogenicity on soybean cultivars Anjasmoro, Grobogan, and Wilis in the greenhouses of the Jambi Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center. This test used a completely randomized design (CRD), using 4 treatments; 3 superior soybean cultivars (Anjasmoro, Grobogan, and Wilis),and 1 imported soybean cultivar. Each treatment was repeated 6 times so that there were 24 experimental units and each experimental unit consisted of 5 plants so that the total number was 120 plants. The results showed that the pathogenicity of the Oospore ofP.manshurica from imported soybean seeds still caused downy disease in the three soybean cultivars tested. There was no difference in the incubation period of downy mildew caused by the Oospora ofP.manshurica on Anjasmoro, Grobogan, and Wilis cultivars, which were 5.5, 8.0, and 7.0 days after inoculation, respectively. The highest disease severity was found in the Anjasmoro cultivar (8.91%) and the lowest was in the Wilis cultivar (2.66%), but it was not different from the disease severity in the Grobagan cultivar (4.28%).

Potensi Pengusulan Jenis Baru Peronosclerospora sorghi Asal Nusa Tenggara Timur

Potential Proposal for A New Type of Peronosclerospora Sorghi from East Nusa Tenggara
 Downy mildew of corn caused by Peronosclerospra can cause real economic damage. In Indonesia, it is known that there are three species of Peronosclerospora, namely P. maydis, P. phillippinenis, and P. sorghi. Peronosclerospora maydis is the dominant species found in Indonesia. The three species can be identified from their morphological and molecular characters. However, the results of monitoring by the Kupang Agricultural Quarantine Station during 2016-2019 showed that the morphological characteristics of P. sorghi from NTT are different from the morphology from Java and Sulawesi in terms of the number of sterigmata formed from conidiophores. The number of P. sorghi sterigmata from NTT is less than in other locations. This will lead to a smaller number of conidia produced by P. sorghi from NTT. Based on the molecular analysis, the character of P. sorghi isolate from NTT is in a separated family tree from Java and Sulawesi isolates but is included in one group with P. sorghi isolates from USA. The results of morphological and molecular studies showed further study on host ranges, genetic diversity of the fungal isolates as well as shorgum should be considered in the future. Sorghum as the primary host of P. sorghi has been gathered for the genetic data of sorghum originating from NTT and then comparing to the data from Texas, USA. That information will be contributing to determine the identity of P. sorghi from NTT.

Ultrastructure of the Olfactory Sensilla across the Antennae and Maxillary Palps of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae).

Simple SummaryThe environmentally friendly methods have been employed to control the serious pest, Bactrocera dorsalis, based on chemical communications. However, their olfaction mechanism has not been unveiled. In this study, the ultrastructure of the sensilla on the antennae and maxillary palps was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that three types of olfactory sensilla (trichodea, basiconica and coeloconica) and two types of non-olfactory sensilla (chaetica and microtrichia) located on the antennae. These findings will benefit the olfactory research and the integrated management of this pest.The sensilla on the antennae and maxillary palps are the most important olfactory organs, via which the insect can perceive the semiochemicals to adjust their host seeking and oviposition behaviors. The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a major agricultural quarantine pest infesting more than 250 different fruits and vegetables. However, the sensilla involved in olfaction have not been well documented even though a variety of control practices based on chemical communication have already been developed. In this study, the ultrastructure of the sensilla, especially the olfactory sensilla on the antennae and maxillary palps of both males and females, were investigated with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Three types of olfactory sensillum types including trichodea, basiconica, and coeloconica, and two non-olfactory sensilla including both chaetica and microtrichia, were observed. Each of these three types of olfactory sensilla on the antennae of B. dorsalis were further classified into two subtypes according to the morphology and number of receptor cells. For the first time, the pores on the sensilla trichodea and basiconica cuticular wall were observed in this species, suggesting they are involved in semiochemical perception. This study provides new information on B. dorsalis olfaction, which can be connected to other molecular, genetic, and behavioral research to construct an integral olfactory system model for this species.

The Effectiveness of Implementing the Socialization of Agricultural Quarantine Regulations in Gorontalo Province

This study aims to obtain an overview of the Implementation of the Socialization of Agricultural Quarantine Regulations in Gorontalo Province, the research method uses qualitative type. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews with a number of informants and observations and recording secondary data related to the research problem. If viewed from the source approach shows that resources have not been effective in supporting the successful implementation of the socialization of agricultural quarantine regulations because there are still some who do not understand the rules at the time of socialization, whereas in the process approach shows the implementation of quarantine regulation socialization in accordance with the Act or regulations has been determined but has not been effective because there are still obstacles encountered in its implementation, namely that there are still many who do not understand the quarantine regulation. The target approach shows that Gorontalo Class II Agricultural Quarantine Center Achievement has not been effective, because it has not achieved the desired target, the results of the implementation of the socialization have not been fully assessed. There are still obstacles in the form of the lack of commitment of quarantine officers or human resources. So that the impact on the lack of application of services.

First record of Phasmarhabditis sp. from eggs of Eobania vermiculata (M\xfcller) snails in Egypt and their response to host size

BackgroundGastropods are very prevalent animals. In Egypt, terrestrial snails represent important economic pests, infesting and causing severe damages to ornamental plants, orchard trees, vegetables, and field crops. The overuse of molluscicides against these destructive pests leads to more environmental pollution. Therefore, searching for biological control agents became necessary to avoid the hazard of chemical molluscicides. Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, isolated from slugs was used as a bio-control agent against snails and slugs. Few investigations available on gastropod egg parasites. Therefore, the present study interested in the isolation of parasitic nematodes from the snail eggs to study their possible role as biological control agents for gastropod pests.ResultsThis is the first record to isolate the snail parasitic nematode, Phasmarhabditis sp., from eggs of the Egyptian terrestrial snail, Eobania vermiculata (Müller). Infectivity of this nematode was investigated for eggs, juvenile and mature snails, E. vermiculata and Limax flavus L. slugs, and also eggs of the non-local species, Achatina fulica Bowdich and one adult of it was only available. The investigation revealed a capability of the isolated nematode to infect and kill E. vermiculata snail, L. flavus slugs, and their eggs. Also, it could infect and kill the eggs of non-local snail species, A. fulica, and its only individual adult available which was obtained from an agricultural quarantine sample. The results indicated also that released individuals of the nematodes, recovered from snails, were significantly larger in size than those recovered from eggs and vice versa.ConclusionIt could be concluded that the isolated parasitic nematode may be able to play a role in controlling different stages of the gastropods including eggs. This make the control more effective in protecting host plants before the pest causing damage. The nematode was more effective on local pest species than non-local species. Moreover, the size of the parasite was proportional with the size of the host pest.

Antifungal Activities of Selected Plant Extracts in In-Vitro Control of Anthracnose and Root Rot Diseases on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus B.)

An in-vitro experiment was conducted at National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology and the Nigeria Agricultural Quarantine Service, Moor plantation, Ibadan. The experiment was carried out to test the antifungal efficacy of some plant extracts (Ageratum conyzoides, Azadirachta indica, Morinda lucida, and Chromolaena odorata) and a chemical fungicide (mancozeb). The mycelial growth inhibition potentials of five concentrations of aqueous plant extracts were assayed at different incubation periods on the growth of Colletotrichum orbiculare and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The experiment was carried out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five replications. A 3 mm mycelial disc of each test fungus was placed at the center of a 9 cm Petri dish containing 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g of the plant extracts or 0.25g/100mL of mancozeb (synthetic fungicide) in Potato Dextrose Agar. The results obtained revealed that all the plant extracts, at all concentrations, significantly inhibited the growth of these mycopathogens, with 25g C. odorata having the highest percentage inhibition of 70.78% and 73.68% at 48 and 96 hours of incubation on C. orbiculare and L. theobromae respectively. All the selected aqueous extracts inhibited more than 50% C. orbiculare mycelial growth. Antifungal extracts recovered from the selected plants could be further purified to improve and characterize their fungicidal activities in controlling plant diseases. Extracts of plant materials, which are readily available to the farmers, are better alternatives to the commonly used hazardous, synthetic fungicides.

Analisis Ketersediaan dan Kebutuhan Kedelai di Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Soybean availability in North Sumatra Province have to be considered, this is caused by soybean being the third most important food after rice and corn. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the availability and needs of soybeans in North Sumatra. This study uses secondary data on the availability and needs of soybeans in North Sumatra from 2008-2017. Secondary data collected in this study came from related agencies such as the Central Statistics Agency, the North Sumatra Province Food Security Agency, the North Sumatra Province Agriculture Office and the Belawan Agricultural Quarantine Center. From this study it was found that the availability of soybeans in North Sumatra was influenced by harvested area, soybean production and soybean imports. Soybean needs in North Sumatra are influenced by population, consumption / per capita and soybean availability. Analysis of soybean availability and needs in North Sumatra experienced fluctuations in 2008-2017.

Mekanisme Persyaratan Teknik Perizinan Pemasukan Benih Tumbuhan dari Luar Negeri ke Sumatera Utara

North Sumatra Province requires the provision of quality seeds to meet the demand for import. The research objective is to analyze positive laws, technical requirements mechanisms, licensing constraints for importation of seeds from abroad in North Sumatra. Using empirical juridical research methods, with a qualitative approach. Enforcement or implementation of normative legal provisions in action on legal events that occur. Conducted interviews with the staff of the Class II Medan Agricultural Quarantine Center. The conclusion is that the import of seeds is specifically regulated in Law Number 21 of 2019 concerning Animal, Fish and Plant Quarantine. Government Regulation Number 82 of 2000, Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture Number 15 of 2017 concerning Importation and Exportation of Horticultural Seeds and Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture Number 127 of 2014 concerning Importation and Exportation of Plant Seeds. Obtaining a permit from the Minister of Agriculture accompanied by a certificate from the country of origin states that the seeds are free from plant-disturbing organisms, namely HpHK, HPIK, or OPTK. The officers can control the seeds that contain plant pests in plant media in North Sumatra by conducting intensive supervision at the entry point as an effort to protect against harm to humans, including damaging the preservation of natural resources.

A new species of Leptopus (Heteroptera: Leptopodidae) from caves in Iran, with notes on other cavernicolous Iranian Heteroptera.

The new species Leptopus gakalae is described from caves in Iran and compared to congeners occurring in the western Palearctic region. Figures are provided of the dorsal habitus and diagnostic morphological characters. Also provided are additional records for other species of Leptopus Latrielle, 1809, occurring from India westward through Europe and North Africa, as well as the first North American record of Leptopus marmoratus (Goeze, 1778) based on an agricultural quarantine intercept. A key is provided to all species of Leptopus occurring in the Western Palearctic region. Notes are also provided on other species of Heteroptera occurring in Iranian caves, with special reference to the small water strider Velia affinis Kolenati, 1857.

Identifikasi penyebab penyakit busuk bulir bakteri pada tanaman padi (Oryza sativa) dan pengendaliannya menggunakan isolat Bacillus spp. secara in vitro

Bacterial grain rot disease in rice plant is a new disease in Indonesia. The disease can reduce rice production up to 40% in severe disease attack. Morphological and physiological identification of these pathogens can be useful as a strategy of disease control. Control of this disease using Agent Biological Control is a right step and eco-friendly. The research was conducted in July until November 2018 at Plant Quarantine Laboratory of Agricultural Quarantine Center Surabaya. Design of experiment used on pathogenic identification is descriptively and analytically while in strategy of diseases control used are Randomized Complete Design method of single factor as many as 5 treatment of Bacillus spp. such as; Ba1: Bacillus spp. isolate 1, Ba2: Bacillus spp. isolate 2, Ba3: Bacillus spp. isolate 3, Ba4: Bacillus spp. isolate 4, and Ba5: Bacillus isolate spp. 5. Research result showed that the pathogen causing bacterial grain rot in Rice is Burkholderia glumae with bacterial characteristic are Gram negative, aerobic, not fluorescent on Kings B medium, mesophyll, isotonic, can hydrolysis arginine and can produce enzyme of gelatinase and (2) Bacillus spp. Isolate which consistent to inhibiting B. glumae in vitro is Ba-1 with a mean inhibition of 17.88 mm and a variety of resistance mechanisms, namely bacteriostatic and bactericidal Isolate of Bacillus spp
 Keywords: Bacterial grain rot rice; Bacillus spp; Burkholderia glumae

Exotic Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) in the United States: Biology, Ecology, and Strategies for Management

Abstract The Asian longhorned tick (ALT), Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae), is a three-host tick that was first detected outside of United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) quarantine in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, in 2017 and subsequently found in another 14 states. In its native Asia, and where it has become established in Australia and New Zealand, ALTs feed on a variety of hosts and are economically important livestock pests and competent vectors of multiple pathogens to humans and other animals. The degree to which ALT will become a persistent livestock pest or competent vector for introduced or existing pathogens in the United States is yet unclear. Because of its vast host availability, ability to reproduce asexually, known vector competence, and the presence of multiple life stages on hosts, the expansion of ALT establishment in the United States is expected, and is a significant public health and veterinary concern. In this paper, we discuss the biology, geographical distribution, life cycle and seasonal activity, reproduction, identification, medical and veterinary implications, management options, and future concerns in the United States.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI MONITORING PELAYANAN KARANTINA TUMBUHAN “SiMERAQ”

Abstract : Public services in government agencies are starting to change from a direct face-to-face way that the process must be back and forth if there is a shortage of files and take a long time, turning into a service online. In order to improve the satisfaction of public service in government agencies, especially the agricultural quarantine Hall of Class II Cilegon, then the process of application of plant quarantine import, export and domistic can be done online using the system, So that the quarantine submission process can be monitored in realtime. This information system consists of two parts, namely the first part is the front end used by the community in monitoring the process of filing plant quarantine. The second part is the back end used by the file verification Officer, the functional coordinator in delivering the task letter to the field officer, the Laboratory officers provide laboratory verification results, the Treasurer sends Billing payments to the community and head of the hall in monitoring every process of quarantine submission from the community. The back end uses the website.