Agricultural Production In Ukraine Research Articles

Legal Regulation of Organic Agricultural Production in Ukraine

Legal Regulation of Organic Agricultural Production in Ukraine

Development of the exchange market for agricultural products: current trends and challenges

Introduction. The development of the stock market of agricultural products is one of the important theoretical and practical problems of modern economic science and is the result of the effective implementation of economic policy. So far, an agreed theoretical and methodological approach to the interpretation of the stock market as an economic category, as well as its importance and role in the system of coordinates of the modern economic paradigm has not been formed, which determined the relevance of the topic. Methods. The research is carried out on the basis of the use of the dialectical method, as well as specific methods of conducting research in the framework of methodological tools of modern economic science, in particular, methodological approaches of the Association of the futures industry, which are used in the study of stock market derivatives. Results The article substantiates the main stages of the evolutionary development of the world stock market and the problem of the establishment of an effective exchange mechanism for the implementation of agricultural products in Ukraine. The peculiarities of the global development of the exchange market of agricultural products are revealed, on the basis of actual economic data, its key tendencies are determined and the hypothesis about the formation of a qualitatively new stage of the functioning of the world stock market, in particular, the market of commodity derivatives for agricultural products, is outlined. The role and place of the domestic stock market of agricultural products is highlighted in general terms, some aspects of its perspective development in Ukraine are outlined. Discussion. In the context of the possible priorities of designing a modern exchange mechanism, the advantages and economic consequences of the formation of a transparent exchange market of agricultural products are identified: transparency of market relations, reduction of transaction costs, strengthening the process of concentration of the market environment, reducing its asymmetry and stimulating the increase of the efficiency of the functioning of the agrarian market, in general. Keywords: exchange, stock market of agricultural products, commodity derivatives, futures, options, stock trading.

The Water Management Mechanism Improvement in the Zone of Risked Land Use

The peculiarities of forming an effective water management system in the area of risk agricultural land use are considered. The main tendencies of capital investments financing and current expenses for protection and rehabilitation of soil, underground and surface waters are analyzed. In addition, as the analysis shows, low investment attractiveness, especially in the melioration zone, does not contribute to the flow not only of foreign but also of domestic capital, which multiplier influences the slowdown in the rates of socio-economic functioning of settlements located in areas of melioration land concentration. It has been shown that best practices prove that investing in the functioning of land melioration is a major factor in improving the efficiency of agrarian production. That is why it has been recognized as one of the priority directions of the stable functioning of agrarian production. The developed countries use quite different forms of investment activities, and in the process of regulation of investment activity such countries use various measures that form favorable conditions for attracting both domestic and foreign capital. It is shown that the formation of effective management system is impossible without institutionalization of a wide spectrum of forms of partnership relations between different objects of functioning. The prospects for increasing the amount of land melioration financing are associated with the spread of cooperation processes between the state and the water users association regarding the operation of land melioration systems with the ability to combine budget financing with investments of private business entities, both domestic and foreign. The prospects of foreign experience regarding the investing in the functioning of agricultural land melioration are analyzed. The agricultural land melioration is the most important factor in improving the efficiency of agricultural production in Ukraine. It is shown that the reforming of irrigation systems management should be carried out on the basis of decentralization with the transfer of water management and water operating functions to water users on the basis of their association. Key words: association of water users, water resources, irrigated agriculture, investment, integrated management.

Price regulation of agrarian markets in the context of food security in Ukraine

The article deals with the problems of price regulation of the agrarian markets in the context of food security in Ukraine. The seasonal dynamics of the indexes on the consumer prices for the agricultural products are analyzed. The influence of the factors of foreign trade activity of Ukraine on the state of prices on the domestic market is determined. The conclusion on the need for increasing the state regulation of prices for agricultural products in Ukraine is made. The analysis of influence of the dynamics in the volumes of the export and import on the fluctuations of prices for agricultural products on the domestic market is carried out.

Виробництво та маркетинг органічної сільськогосподарської продукції в Україні

Виробництво та маркетинг органічної сільськогосподарської продукції в Україні

Залежність якості зерна пшениці озимої від погодних умов та систем удобрення у Південному Степу України

У статті відображено результати досліджень, отримані у тривалому польовому стаціонарному досліді упродовж 46 років. Метою досліджень було визначення якості зерна пшениці озимої за різних погодних умов та систем удобрення у Південному Степу України. Дослідження виконували у тривалому польовому стаціонарному досліді відділу агрохімії та родючості ґрунтів Одеської державної сільськогосподарської дослідної станції НААН на чорноземі південному малогумусному важкосуглинковому на лесовій породі, закладеному у 1971 р. Аналіз результатів тривалого польового стаціонарного досліду забезпечив отримання об’єктивних даних впливу погодних умов та дії добрив на якість зерна пшениці озимої упродовж шести ротацій сівозмін. Встановлено, що тривале використання на чорноземах південних органо-мінеральної системи удобрення забезпечувало кращу якість зерна пшениці озимої, найвищий вм іст білка і клейковини у якому відповідав вимогам другого класу. Відмічено, що показники якості зерна пшениці озимої залежали від особливостей погодних умов упродовж вегетаційного періоду. Достатня кількість тепла і вологи сприяла кращому засвоєнню азоту і нагромадженню білка та клейковини в зерні пшениці озимої із застосуванням всіх систем удобрення.

Management and Certification Process for Organic Production in Ukraine and Poland

A systematic analysis of trends in the development of organic products in Ukraine and Poland was carried out, which showed that the total area of certified ecological lands for the study period from 2006-2016 in Ukraine increased by 1.7 times, and in Poland from 2004-2014 it increased by 12 times. It has been established that the most significant impact on qualitative structural changes in the economic sector is adjustment to European standards that establish a favorable system of agricultural production regulation, marking and inspection of organic products. This is why Poland, while being in the European Union, has a significant advantage over Ukraine. The system of control and certification by the authorized bodies is generalized, as well as the mechanism of financial support for organic agricultural production. The necessity of using the experience of Poland with the purpose of greening agriculture and development of organic agricultural production in Ukraine is emphasized.

Legislative Regulation of the Production of Organic Agricultural Products in Ukraine

The article analyzes the legislation on the production of organic agricultural products in Ukraine. Legal acts regulating the relationships in the sphere of production and circulation of organic agricultural products (raw materials) are analyzed. The main scientific approaches to the further development of national legislation on the production of organic agricultural products are investigated. The article formulates the suggestions on the improvement of legal regulation of organic production in Ukraine as well as on the adaptation of Ukrainian legislation on the production of organic agricultural products (raw materials) to the EU legislation.

Modeling and Forecasting the Level of State Stimulation of Agricultural Production in Ukraine Based on the Theory of Fuzzy Logic

Agricultural sector is a strategic sector for Ukraine; therefore, the task of developing effective incentive mechanisms for the development of agricultural production and increase of efficiency of activities of agricultural product manufacturers – economic entities of the agrarian market – is urgent. The conditions in which the agricultural sector of Ukraine is functioning, and research priorities of modern agricultural science provide an opportunity to deepen research in this direction and focus on justification of scientific and practical recommendations on creation of consolidated, adapted to domestic realities tools of stimulation of development of agricultural production in the country as a whole and its individual territories. The aim of this work is to develop economic and mathematical models of forecasting the level of economic and administrative stimulation of agricultural production in Ukraine based on the theory of fuzzy logic. The object of the study is the system of economic relations for stimulation of agricultural production in Ukraine. The subject of the study is principles of formation and development of economic and mathematical models of stimulation of agricultural production in Ukraine. The agricultural sector of Ukraine's economy with all the elements and components that provide the formation of the country's food security at the national level largely depends on the functionality of the mechanism of stimulation of development of agricultural production, which is one of the important and unsolved issues for Ukraine that requires a prompt solution.

Analysis of projects initialization processes of production-processing complexes

The study describes the background and General concept of modeling of processes of initialization of innovative projects for creation of production and processing complexes for production and material-technical base of agricultural enterprises.
 The article presents a conceptual model of the development process of initializing the implementation of innovative projects of production and pro-cessing facilities for agro-industrial production in Ukraine. The proposed conceptual model reveals the sequence and interdependence of these processes of initialization of innovative projects. The obtained results allow to start the construction of the algorithm and mathematical program of simulation of pro-cesses of initialization of innovative projects, the introduction of production and processing facilities.
 Further studies are aimed at development of methodology and creating tools for the effective management of the processes of initialization of innovative projects of introducing production and processing complexes to improve agricultural production in Ukraine.

Управління проектами в органічному аграрному виробництві

Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to present the results of research on the development and justification of the economic and environmental feasibility of implementing innovative projects for organizing of production organic products (on an example of the project of cultivation of organic potatoes using minimal technology (mini-till)). Methodology / approach. The basis for preparing the project for the production of organic potatoes is the author’s methodology, which includes a form and recommendations for the development of a business plan for an innovative agricultural project. The study used the following methods: abstract-logical (theoretical generalization and formulation of conclusions); analysis and synthesis (justification and analysis of project indicators); monographic (depth analysis of the issue under study); calculation-constructive (determination of the main parameters of the project and economic efficiency). Results. The theoretical and practical aspects of project management in organic agricultural production are substantiated (on the example of the project of organization of organic potato production). An innovative project for organizing organic potato production using minimal technology (mini-till) was developed, and the investment attractiveness of this project was estimated. The author’s methodology for developing a business plan for an innovative agricultural project has been tested. Originality / scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the paper is that the regulations on the application of project management in organic agricultural production on the market platform of environmental entrepreneurship have been further developed, which is reflected in the developed environmentally oriented project. This is one of the first papers to examine the project management in organic agricultural production in Ukraine. Practical value / implications. The project of organizing organic potato production has been developed and economically substantiated. It can be used by stakeholders for practical implementation and/or as a basis for preparing such a project taking into account the individual characteristics of a specific agricultural enterprise. The calculated economic parameters of the project are the basis for managing marketing activities, resource support, personnel, cost and efficiency of the project, organization of project financing and project risk management.

ЕКОНОМІКО-МАТЕМАТИЧНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРУ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ

The article analyzes all stages of production of both raw materials and finished agricultural products common for the modern agricultural production in Ukraine. Both the external and internal factors influencing the primary and secondary production of agricultural products were studied. The markets for agricultural raw materials and finished products, namely, the national and international markets for agricultural products, were also considered. Based on the results of analysis, the economic-mathematical model of production and processing of agricultural products as a single economic system has been constructed . The model was built taking into account the most vital requirements of each of the selected stages,. Each of the five stages of production, that were distinguished, was described using mathematical formulas. For some of the steps, the Cobb-Douglas multiplicative production function, modernized for the specifics of agricultural production, was used. The function used includes the influence of the areal factor on the gross agricultural production, as well as classic labor and capital factors. The problem of increasing the efficiency of the agricultural sector of Ukraine's economy was formulated and solved Using this economic-mathematical model of production in the development of agricultural policy and macroeconomic planning will allow to consider changes in the economy of the agricultural and processing industry, to assess the possible consequences of new activities in state economic policy, implementation and monitoring of the long-term negative and positive trends of production and processing of agricultural products. Moreover, due to this model, it could be possible to increase the volume of earnings inforeign currency, which, in turn, can be used as investment not only in agricultural but also in other sectors of the national economy.

Express assessment of environmental impact of agriculture technologies on the soils of Cherkasy Oblast

Agriculture is the closest branch to natural ecosystems by the type of substance-energy relations. That is why the search for forms of its management (specialization) which would correspond to natural opportunities of a certain territory is the main task. Its solution will promote balanced environmental use in the agricultural sphere. Cherkasy Oblast belongs to the region in which a considerable part of agricultural production of Ukraine is produced. Therefore, an important problem is the definition of areas in which the impact of agriculture is an environmental hazard. Our research is aimed at it. The harmful effect on the soil of certain combinations of branches within each farm was determined. Based on information on the cultivation of crops by enterprises of Cherkasy Oblast, a method was developed for assessing the degree of environmental impact of both individual crops and their combinations. Zoning of territories by specialization (agricultural areas) and environmental impact is carried out. Application of this methodology has made it possible to establish that the current state of agricultural land use in the region does not meet requirements of rational nature management. Excessive load on soils in the process of agriculture led to the intensification of erosion processes which was facilitated by the unjustified increase in cultivated crops, in soil-exhausting sunflower and rape. For many decades, the extensive use of lands (especially arable lands) was not offset by equivalent measures for the reproduction of soil fertility and its rational use. According to the results, ways of reducing the harmful environmental impact of agricultural enterprises of Cherkasy Oblast are proposed.

Механізм державного управління екологічною безпекою аграрного виробництва в Україні

У статті охарактеризовані передумови необхідності формування комплексного, адаптивного механізму державного управління екологічною безпекою аграрного виробництва в Україні. Розроблено модель механізму державного управління екологічною безпекою аграрного виробництва в Україні, охарактеризовані його основні компоненти: суб’єкти, об’єкти, функції, принципи, завдання, напрями державного регулювання в сфері екологічної безпеки аграрного сектору та ефект. Запропоновано державну програму в галузі охорони навколишнього середовища і забезпечення екологічної безпеки, яка передбачає використання двох основних взаємопов’язаних напрямів: скорочення споживання природних ресурсів і обсягів забруднень з одночасним підвищенням якості економічного зростання шляхом модернізації та вдосконалення технологій, впровадження маловідходних і ресурсозберігаючих виробництв, вторинне використання перероблених ресурсів і відходів тощо. На основі державної політики в галузі охорони навколишнього середовища і забезпечення екологічної безпеки запропоновано регіональну політику, яка базується на використання п’яти основних форм управління екологічною безпекою: плата за користування природними ресурсами, формування ефективної системи платежів за природні ресурси, екологічне страхування, екологічний аудит, економічна ефективність регіонального проекту.

MODERN TERMS OF FORMATION AND REALIZATION OF EXPORT POTENTIAL AGRICULTURAL SPHERE OF REGIONS OF UKRAINE

The article substantiates the essential content of the competitiveness of the agrarian sphere of the region in the conditions of modern transformation processes. A number of competitive advantages of domestic producers of agricultural products are distinguished, the existing export potential of the investigated sector of the national economy and the level of self-sufficiency of agricultural products in Ukraine are analyzed. The system of forming the export potential of the agrarian sphere is proposed.

Особливості залучення капітальних інвестицій в сільськогосподарське виробництво

Особливості залучення капітальних інвестицій в сільськогосподарське виробництво

The Influence Integration Processes Exert on the Intermediary System of Agricultural Enterprises

The article proves the connection between intermediary and export activities of agricultural enterprises, and indicates the influence the integration processes exert on competitiveness of domestic and foreign agricultural products. It provides a comparative characteristic of agricultural products in Ukraine and Poland. The major adverse effects caused to the selling of domestic products on foreign markets by the activities of intermediary bodies in the “producer-consumer” chain are defined

HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF SAFE CONSUMPTION OF GRAPES TREATED WITH COMBINED FUNGICIDE VINKEA, WG

Relevance. Combined fungicide Vinkea, WG of systemic-local and contact action, is developed to protect grapes from fungal diseases in agro-industrial complex. It contains two active substances: folpet and a new active substance, benthiavalicarb isopropyl.
 Objective: hygienic assessment of the safe consumption of grapes and products of its processing, after the treatment of grapes with combined fungicide Vinkea, WG, containing benthiavalicarb isopropyl and folpet as active substances, in order to preserve the health of consumers of these products.
 Materials and methods. Statistical, full-scale hygienic experiment gas-liquid and high-performance liquid chromatography methods were used.
 Results. The findings allowed establishing that the fungicide Vinkea, WG active substances residues’ dynamics in grapes and its derived products, when treated in the maximum application rates, abides by exponential dependence. Benthiavalicarb isopropyl is pertained to low hazard substances and folpet – to moderately hazard substances by persistency in grapes. The values of benthiavalicarb isopropyl and folpet maximum allowable (residue) levels in grapes and products of its processing were substantiated.
 Conclusion. In the real conditions of agricultural production in Ukraine, using existing agrotechnical and agricultural machinery and following the established hygienic regulations, fungicide Vinkea, WG application in vineyards does not pose a danger to the consumers of viticulture products.

Rating Evaluation of Ecological Effects from the Operation of Agricultural Enterprises

Problems related with ecological effects of the operation of agricultural enterprises are analyzed. Statistical rating evaluation of regions from the perspective of ecological effects is made.
 The ranks derived from the calculations range from 0 to 1, which enables to evaluate the condition of each Ukrainian region, a group of regions, and to derive the “average region” value by use of relative distance scales. The statistical data obtained from official statistical observations (absolute and relative data) and the results of the calculations do not include the temporary occupied territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the city of Sevastopol and a part of the antiterrorist operation area. The integral ecological estimate of the operation of agricultural enterprises is derived for each of 24 Ukrainian regions and for Ukraine as a whole (in the latter case the estimated value is 0.416).
 The variation pattern of the integral estimate is analyzed; the two groups of the regions by ecological effects from the operation of agricultural enterprises are identified: the regions with ranks higher than the country average, and the regions with ranks lower than the country average.
 The statistical-ecological rating evaluation of the regions is made by statistical indicators reflecting ecological effects from the agricultural production in Ukraine, statistical-ecological ranking of the regions is made, and the matrix of ecological ranks of the regions is built. The rating evaluation is made, enabling to determine the position of each region by ecological effects of the operation of agricultural enterprises. It is highlighted that indicators of land resources use is an essential criteria for evaluation of ecological effects from the operation of agricultural enterprise. Trends in the indicators of land resources use are shown.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЕКСПОРТУ АГРАРНОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ УКРАЇНИ

The aim of this publication is to review current trends Ukrainian exports of agricultural products and develop recommendations on the prospects of export of agricultural products in Ukraine. The problem of marketing of agricultural products by agricultural enterprises is considered in the article. The distribution channels of agricultural products in Ukraine are analyzed. The factors constraining agricultural exports are established. Advantages and disadvantages of agricultural products within the Association Agreement with the European Union are analyzed. Analyzed the first results of cooperation with the EU in agriculture. The problems of the use of quotas dispose of agricultural products within the Association Agreement with the European Union are identified. An simplified legalization exports from Ukraine to the EU of animal origin products is offered. The export of agricultural products to other countries is analyzes. The modern trend in the export of Ukrainian agricultural products based on the reorientation of Asian and European markets is considered. The strategic directions of development of Ukrainian agricultural exports are identified.