Agricultural Production In Ukraine Research Articles

Соціально-економічні передумови створення спеціалізованої системи сільськогосподарської кооперації в УСРР (перша половина 1920-х рр.)

Introduction. In the proposed article, the author deeply examines the state of agriculture in Ukraine, which developed in the mid-20s of the twentieth century. Effective support by universal agricultural cooperation of the energetic efforts of the Ukrainian peasantry to restore the productivity of agriculture, livestock and other sectors of agriculture has yielded positive results. In general, the sown areas and livestock in the village almost reached the pre-war level (1913). Then came the question of increasing the productivity and marketability of agricultural production in Ukraine, which was based on individual farms. The emergence of a significant number of new peasant farms as a result of agrarian transformations during the Ukrainian National Democratic Revolution of 1917-1921 and significant demographic losses of the male population during the war of 1914-1921, led to the fact that a large part of peasant farms, especially on the right bank from the lack of sown areas and male labor, on which most of the production processes of the peasant economy were based, especially in agriculture.Under these conditions, the Ukrainian Agricultural Cooperative has identified the transition from universalism to specialization as its priority. The purpose of the research is, based on the analysis of historical sources, historiographical base, as well as modern methodology, to determine the socio-economic prerequisites for the creation of a specialized system of agricultural cooperation. The research methodology includes the principles of scientific objectivity, historicism, systematics, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization, historical-comparative, historical-typological. Results. The socio-economic preconditions for the creation of a specialized system of agricultural cooperation were quite good, as it was constantly expanding and improving, involving more and more peasant farms in market relations and finding new ways to intensify agriculture. There was a stable process not only economic but also social and production development of small farms, which contributed to the emergence of specialized professional societies, which in early 1924 had a small contingent of farms, but further practice has shown that special cooperation contributed to significant intensification of agricultural production. The originality of this study is an attempt to analyze objectively the socio-economic preconditions for the creation of a specialized system of agricultural cooperation. Conclusion. It is obvious that for the further organizational design and raising the efficiency of various networks of specialized cooperation it became necessary not only to form their All-Ukrainian centers, which by themselves would significantly expand the economic capabilities of specialized societies, because based on their purpose, such centers concentrated efforts on the intensification of complex production processes in the peasant economy, but also on the rapid establishment of their practical work. We should also emphasize the following: the positive moment in the formation of the structure and directions of the network of specialized cooperative systems (“Dobrobut”, “Kooptakh”, “Buryakospilka”) was that it took into account not only those agricultural sectors that have traditionally brought the main income (for example, grain production and meat and dairy industry), but the emphasis was also on those industries that until recently were considered secondary (poultry, horticulture, viticulture and winemaking, etc.). Quite often such areas of agriculture as poultry farming were even somewhat ironically called “women’s money”. Similarly, poultry farming has traditionally been considered “an appendage of the peasant’s yard, not a commercial sphere”. However, the practice of the following years clearly demonstrated the potential of these “secondary” branches of agricultural production, as the activities of specialized systems of agricultural cooperation, which in the mid-20s took off, gave a powerful impetus to the development of commodity farms of Ukrainian peasants.

Water Supply of the Ukrainian Polesie Ecoregion Drained Areas in Modern Anthropogenic Climate Changes

Abstract The paper focuses on research on improving the water supply of drainage systems of humid areas in the context of anthropogenic climate change. The aim of the research is to elaborate on the ways for increasing the available water supply of drainage systems and restoring active water regulation on reclaimed lands in a changing climate. Reclaimed lands are the main factor of sustainable agricultural production in Ukraine and guarantors of its stability. The area of drained lands in Ukraine is about 3.2 million hectares, including 2.3 million hectares drained with the help of closed drainage; in an area of 1.3 million hectares a two-way regulation of the soil water regime is carried out. An increase in air temperature and uneven distribution of precipitation, which has a torrential, local character in the warm period, do not allow for the e ective accumulation of moisture. The recurrence of droughts in di erent justified climatic zones of Ukraine has increased by 20–40%, which prevents sustainable agricultural production in the zone of su cient atmospheric moisture, in particular the Polesie Ecoregion. In this paper, the analysis of water consumption of reclaimed lands in the Polesie Ecoregion of Ukraine is carried out, on the examples of the drainage system “Maryanivka” and the calculation of the water supply for the corn and winter wheat.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНИХ ПРОЕКТІВ В МАЛИХ ФОРМАХ АГРАРНОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА УКРАЇНИ

The article analyzes the theoretical foundations of the organization of investment activities in small forms of agricultural production in Ukraine. It is noted that one of the features of the national model of agricultural production is the dominance of small forms of Management in a number of sectoral areas, the status of which does not always allow farmers to even potentially receive investment funds. The classification of investment projects in the agricultural sector is proposed according to the following criteria: level of implementation, direction of implementation and duration of implementation. It is noted that each of these areas has its own specifics regarding implementation. There is a lack of a unified approach to determining small forms of familytype agricultural production. The technical and technological direction provides for the introduction of investment projects in order to increase the level of efficiency of resource potential in the production of agricultural raw materials, their further processing, storage and sale. The organizational and economic direction includes the implementation of measures aimed at improving the management system of economic processes on the scale of the business structure, as well as the formation of a system of mutually beneficial relations between various business entities. The social direction of investment projects implementation is not directly related to the production and economic activities of agricultural business entities, but the specifics of this industry direction, its integration into the system of relations between members of local communities make it necessary to study it. The following factors are identified that determine the nature of innovation activities and affect the level of efficiency of investment funds development: the level of marketability; internal non-economic factors; the general nature of the chosen strategy of economic activity, the available resource potential. The presented features of ensuring innovation activity in small forms of agricultural production, in turn, make it necessary to use specific methodological tools to assess the effectiveness of relevant measures. Separately, it should be noted the need to take into account the social component of the functioning of small agricultural formations.

ІНСТИТУЦІЙНІ ЗАСАДИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ВИРОБНИКІВ ОРГАНІЧНОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ ТА РОЗВИТКУ ЇХ КОНКУРЕНТНИХ ПЕРЕВАГ В УКРАЇНІ

Organic production in Ukraine is gaining momentum every year and is becoming more and more popular among producers of agricultural products in the countries of the European Union. Ukrainian farmers striving to be on the European markets must meet the requirements of modern production trends. Such advantages of the production of ecologically clean food products as: care for the Planet and future generations, preservation of biodiversity, social responsibility of business, new ways of selling products at better prices for the producer, increasing the efficiency of production – encourage the owners of agricultural enterprises to switch to organic production. In turn, the development of a competitive environment for organic products is impossible without a high-quality institutional environment. The purpose of this study is to establish the main components of the institutional environment of producers of organic products in Ukraine and to determine their influence on the formation of competitive advantages. The article establishes that institutions are an integral component of the formation of competitive advantages of organic products. The main institutional foundations of the functioning of producers of organic agricultural products in Ukraine have been studied. These include formal institutions, informal institutions, sanctions for non-compliance with norms and rules, and organizations. The work analyzes the main legal acts regulating the activities of producers of organic products in Ukraine, briefly characterizes non-state public unions that popularize organic production and are a mandatory component of the institutional environment. Practical significance: the study shows that institutional foundations are an integral part of the activities of producers of organic products in Ukraine and are an element of ensuring their competitiveness. The study shows that the institutional environment is not sufficiently developed in Ukraine due to the lack of cooperation mechanisms between business and the state, the presence of outdated business methods and the imperfection of regulatory and legal support. These issues require detailed research in the future.

Economic effects of the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex on the example of the sugar industry

The article substantiates the feasibility, identifies the main directions and the level of digitalization of the agricultural sector on the example of the sugar beet complex in Ukraine. A study of the main trends in the innovative provision of the material and technical base of world and domestic agricultural enterprises has been carried out. The authors of the article focus on the role of innovation and digital technologies in increasing the efficiency of agricultural enterprises, which will allow updating and modernizing the material and technical base of the sugar industry, taking into account the achievements of scientific and technological progress. The main goal of the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex is determined optimization of the costs of finance, time and resources; improving the accuracy of calculations and planning; growth of productivity and greening of production. The study substantiates the key factors that oppose the introduction of digitalization in agricultural production in Ukraine.

До питання перспектив і проблем органічного виробництва сільськогосподарської продукції в Україні

До питання перспектив і проблем органічного виробництва сільськогосподарської продукції в Україні

AN UNORTHODOX VIEW OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

The article identifies the role of agricultural enterprises, rural communities, and the state in the development of rural areas of Ukraine. The author gives her vision of the category “rural areas” for this study and summarizes the functions inherent in rural areas. This paper determines the integrated function of rural areas, which is to create a spatial basis for comfortable living, economic activity, preservation, and enhancement of bio- and landscape diversity. The article analyzes the main indicators of activity of agricultural enterprises, indicators of agricultural development, and socioeconomic indicators of the level and quality of life of rural residents. It is determined that the positive dynamics of agricultural production in Ukraine is not accompanied with a corresponding improvement in living standards of rural residents. It is concluded that it is necessary to modify the role of agricultural enterprises through compliance with the principles of sustainable development while maximizing their target functions. The paper examines the participation of the state and united territorial communities (UTC) in rural development. It is outlined that in Ukraine support for rural development at the state level is carried out mainly based on a sectoral approach in the presence of elements of a territorial approach. Such elements include the financing of infrastructure projects in rural areas. Decentralization in the country has strengthened the role of UTC in rural development. The paper identifies the advantages and challenges faced by UTC in the process of rural development planning. The importance of maintaining the advantages of rural areas is substantiated. It is emphasized that the development of rural infrastructure, the improvement of its ecological condition is possible with the common efforts of the state, local governments, and enterprises. Keywords: rural areas, rurbanization, decentralization, agricultural enterprises, sustainable development.

Business loan mechanism through agricultural receipts

Purpose. The purpose of the publication was to study the mechanism of lending to agricultural production in Ukraine through agricultural receipts. Results. According to the results of the study, the need to find alternative mechanisms for financial support of agricultural producers in Ukraine is substantiated. Based on the analysis of the experience of lending to agricultural enterprises in Brazil, it is recommended to spread the experience of using the mechanism of agricultural receipts in agriculture of Ukraine. The author analyzes the main advantages and risks of using this lending mechanism, examines the features of the use of commodity and financial agricultural receipts. The article analyzes the draft amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On Agrarian Receipts", which are being considered by Parliament, which are aimed at expanding access to capital markets, both foreign and, potentially, Ukrainian. It is concluded that agricultural receipts are usually a more convenient and profitable alternative to bank lending for agricultural producers, and this financing instrument will help to overcome the systemic crisis in the field of agricultural production. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the study is to develop a classification of the main types of business models for the use of agricultural receipts. Practical value. The optimized algorithm of using agricultural receipts in the legislative field of Ukraine proposed in the article is of practical value.

The legal regulation of exchange agricultural products in Ukraine: the current situation and the prospects of development

Introduction. The resource potential of Ukraine in the formation of supply of high quality agricultural products gives grounds to assert its importance in the world market. The purpose of the paper is explores the question the current state and prospects for the development of the legal framework for the organization of exchange trade in agricultural products in Ukraine. Laws, regulations, concepts related to exchange activities are considered. Results. The author defines the concepts, types and features of the organization and functioning of commodity exchanges in Ukraine; found out the benefits of stock trading; the agrarian exchange isdistinguished and characterized. The article analyzes the actsof economic legislation in the sphere of regulation of the stock exchange trade in agricultural products in Ukraine, identifies its main shortcomings and gaps. The development and place of the agrarian exchange among domestic commodity exchanges are analyzed, the main reasons of inefficient functioning of the agrarian exchange are revealed and concrete measures for overcoming inefficient functioning of the agrarian market are offered. The main task of agricultural exchanges is to provide services in concluding exchange agreements on agricultural products, identifying commodity prices, demand and supply of agricultural products. It is substantiated that with the help of the exchange trade mechanism conditions are created for the formation of the fairest market price for agricultural products, which determines the prospects of the exchange trade mechanism in Ukraine and the world. Conclusion. The analysis of the current state of legal regulation and the system of organization of exchange trading in agricultural products in Ukraine leads to a conclusion that in Ukraine at the present stage of development there is no proper system for the organization of stock exchange trading in agricultural products, which is caused by the shortcomings of the economic legislation in the field of legal regulation of stock exchange trade in agricultural products in Ukraine systematic legal mechanism and insufficient efficiency of stock exchange infrastructure. The article presents the necessity of elaboration of the state concept of development of exchange trading in agricultural products in Ukraine, expansion of exchange infrastructure, introduction of electronic system of exchange trading, further development of Ukraine and integration to the world financial system.

Bioenergy potential of Ukrainian agriculture

The study of the possibility of transition of agricultural production to self-sufficiency in energy resources based on renewable energy sources is an urgent issue and was conducted based on statistical data for Ukraine in 2019. It was found that the biological yield of plant biomass is 64.3 million t, and ensuring a zero humus balance can be achieved by using straw in the amount of 11.7 million t. At the same time, the excess amount of straw that can be used for energy needs may amount to 7.5 million t, which is about 12% of the total biological yield of plant biomass. The maximum amount of straw for energy needs cannot exceed 19.2 million t with a deficit-free humus balance in crop rotation due to the need to use straw for other priority needs, which is 29.8% of the biological yield of plant biomass of field crops. This is possible only if at least 40% of the sown area in the crop rotation will be under green manure. Calculations have shown that the potential production of biomethane based on organic biomass of manure, droppings and glycerol can reach about 1 billion m 3 , which is 4 times higher than the consumption of natural gas in agricultural production in Ukraine. Electricity generated from generator gas and biomethane in the amount of 5,464 million kWh is by 932 million kWh less than the total demand for agricultural and food production, but by 3059 million kWh greater than the needs of agricultural production.

Methodological peculiarities of probability estimation of bankruptcy of agrarian enterprises in Ukraine

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to develop the concept of complex estimation of bankruptcy probability of agrarian enterprises in Ukraine, taking into account the specifics of agricultural activities.
 Methodology / approach. To achieve the purpose, the following research methods were used: abstract-logical (at disclosing the essence of the concept of “bankruptcy”); dialectical (for theoretical generalizations on determining the problems and ways to overcome them, drawing conclusions); expert estimations, comparative analysis, analysis and synthesis (at developing the concept of estimating the probability of bankruptcy); relative indicators-coefficients (at studying models for estimating the probability of bankruptcy occurrence); monographic (for in-depth study of separate types of factors affecting the probability of bankruptcy); graphical and tabular (at presenting the research results).
 Results. It has been proven that the discriminant analysis for estimating the probability of bankruptcy (the construction of multifactor models that summarize the most important financial indicators in the integrated index) does not take into account the industry characteristics of agrarian enterprises. The concept of bankruptcy diagnostics is proposed, which combines discriminant analysis and expert estimation of qualitative signs of a possible crisis of an agrarian enterprise. The indicators selected for expert examination cover non-financial factors – the risks and threats to agricultural production in Ukraine, and their generalization may specify the risk of bankruptcy occurrence. The scoring model has been derived by the method of expert estimations, the scale has been developed, which is combined with the discriminant one that will enable to bring the results of the research into the interval of the indicator for estimating the occurrence of bankruptcy.
 Originality / scientific novelty. The definition of the term “bankruptcy” has been improved: the author’s definition combines the economic and legal approaches to it. The main risks of agricultural activities in Ukraine have been specified and their impact on the probability of bankruptcy of agrarian enterprises has been outlined. It has been developed the methodological concept for estimating the probability of bankruptcy of agrarian enterprises, which takes into account informal factors. For the first time, in order to predict the bankruptcy of agrarian enterprises, it has been proposed to combine discriminant analysis and expert estimation of qualitative indicators that increase its risk in agriculture.
 Practical value / implications. The application of the developed methodology provides an opportunity for the agrarian enterprise of timely responding to the threats of financial crisis and bankruptcy in order to prevent them. The proposed approach can be used as an element of estimating the insurance risk or investment attractiveness of agricultural enterprises. In case of its adaptation, the methodology can be used in foreign practice.

Перспективи інвестування аграрного виробництва України нафтовидобувними країнами Близького Сходу

Goal. To assess the possibilities of cooperation between Ukraine and potential importers of domestic food based on investing in agricultural production of Ukraine and mutually beneficial cooperation. Methods. Theoretical methods of scientific research: analysis and synthesis, comparison, classification, and generalization. Results. The current state of use of irrigation systems in most cases is unsatisfactory, which requires the involvement of significant investment resources for their expansion, reconstruction, and modernization. In the case of restoration of efficient use of irrigated lands with crop specialization of agricultural production, the payback period of capital costs will be 3–4 years, for the creation of a bioenergy system — 2–3 years. Currently, about 0.5 million hectares are irrigated with the potential to restore and expand irrigation on an area of 3–3.5 million hectares. Their efficient use with the improvement of the industry structure and the achievement of high levels of profitability will successfully solve the problem of ensuring food security of any of the oil-producing countries of the Middle East based on taking into account the interests of the parties and mutual benefit. Conclusions. One of the options for cooperation with Saudi Arabia (Party — 1) and Ukraine (Party — 2) in the field of agriculture is considered as a series of successive stages of joint production and investment activities. The initial stage is the production of corn and winter wheat on the lands of NAAS in the irrigation zone of 20 thousand hectares. It predicts the following conditions and obligations: Saudi Arabia provides investment resources for the implementation of projects for the restoration and expansion of irrigation systems on an area of 20 thousand hectares with an estimated capital cost of 50 million USA dollars; Ukraine develops and implements irrigation restoration and expansion projects, provides agro-technological processes of grain production and supplies it to Saudi Arabia in fulfillment of investment conditions and obligations (250 thousand tons).

КРЕДИТНОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ РАЗВИТИЯ АПК: СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА УКРАИНЫ И КАЗАХСТАНА

The paper examines the current features of bank lending to agricultural enterprises in Ukraine and Kazakhstan. It is proved that the agricultural entrepreneurship of the compared countries’ economies increasingly needs the financial investments, necessary for the renewal and technological modernization of production. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the state of lending to agricultural enterprises in Ukraine and Kazakhstan, study its volume, identify the main directions of changes in its structure by type of credit services, as well as assess trends and prospects for its development. Section 1 of the article identifies the features of banks’ credit policy concerning lending to agricultural enterprises. It is presented the methodological approach to the comparative assessment of the development of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine and Kazakhstan. It is identified the main provisions of strategies for the development of agricultural production in Ukraine and Kazakhstan. It is substantiated features of banks’ credit policy in lending to agricultural enterprises, which restrain the active growth of lending to the agro-industrial complex. Section 2 of the article provides a comparative description of Ukraine and Kazakhstan in terms of credit support to the industry. It is established that the most attractive for bank lending are large agricultural enterprises in terms of production and yield. It is proved the importance of direct state financial support for economic entities of the agro-industrial complex through the mechanisms of cheaper loans and compensation of lease payments. In the final section, the authors highlight the key priorities of accelerating the development of bank lending to agricultural enterprises in Ukraine and Kazakhstan by increasing budget support, rational use of budget funds, lower interest rates for agriculture, improving methods of assessing the creditworthiness of borrowers with concern of specific production.

Forecasting the Selling Price of the Agricultural Products in Ukraine Using Deep Learning Algorithms

The paper aims to figure out the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms in the price forecasting of agricultural products based on the example of barley prices. In addition, the article provides a comparative analysis of traditional forecasting methods and deep learning algorithms, and also considers the expediency of their use in enterprises and in public administration. The authors use time series forecasting methods and models, in particular, traditional prediction methods (Linear Regression and Fb Prophet) and different strategies of deep learning algorithms (recursive multi-step and Direct-recursive hybrid convolutional neural networks) were used. As a result, the study shows that traditional methods and neural networks show sufficiently greater results than naive forecasts; however, at the same time, traditional models are more effective than deep learning models, and they require less time and fewer resources to implement. It has been established that neural networks, in contrast to traditional forecasting methods, take into account other patterns, so it makes sense to consider the possibility of using neural networks together with traditional forecasting methods using ensemble methods. The article considers the conditions under which it is advisable to use methods in enterprises, as well as in public regulation. Hence, results of the study can be used in the following ways: a) in research activities in the agricultural sector; b) practically in the planning process in enterprises of the agricultural sector; c) companies related to the above industry, such as logistics companies or financial enterprises; 4) in public planning, budgeting and control.

ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF VALUE AND PRICE DISPROPORTIONS ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND PROBLEMS OF FUNCTIONING OF ORGANIZED AGRICULTURAL MARKET IN UKRAINE

Introduction. The modern development of the market of agricultural products in Ukraine actualizes important theoretical and practical problems of domestic agricultural science, directly attesting to the practical result of the state agricultural policy. There is still no single theoretical and methodological approach to assessing and diagnosing value and price disproportions in agricultural products due to regional differences, as well as directions of development of the organized agricultural market as an important institution in the context of reducing price asymmetry in the market of agricultural products, which determined the relevance of the topic of the article. Methods. The research is based on the use of general and specific methods of research within the methodological tools of modern economics, in particular, the dialectical method, analysis and synthesis, logical-historical, comparison, graphic, economic-statistical, etc. Results. The article substantiates the main economic aspects of the diagnosis of value and price disproportions of agricultural products and the functioning of the organized agricultural market in Ukraine. The peculiarities of diagnostics of price asymmetry on the example of strategic agricultural products - grain are revealed, on the basis of actual economic data the key tendencies of development of researched process in the context of regional levels and functioning of the organized stock exchange sector are defined. Discussion. Considering the priorities of price asymmetry and creating of modern mechanism for the functioning of the agricultural market, prospects for eliminating price disparities and forming an organized market for agricultural products are defined. The prospect of further research on this issue should be based on taking into account the cost and price asymmetry for agricultural products, the existence of phenomena of price asymmetry of various types in order to form an organized agricultural market, which would reduce or eliminate the negative effects of price disparities on agricultural products. Keywords: price, price asymmetry, regional pricing, market of agricultural products, organized agricultural market, stock exchange, stock market of agricultural products.

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION POSITIONING STRATEGY

The article is devoted to the strategy of positioning of agricultural products of Ukrainian enterprises during the period of its independence. The aim of the article is to study the key factors, mechanisms of positioning of agricultural products during the period of independence of Ukraine and the factors that have led to the competitiveness of agriculture and industrial processing. The novelty of the study is a comprehensive and systematic analysis of these issues, taking into account sectoral characteristics of the agricultural sector of Cherkasy region.
 The constituent elements of the mechanism of formation of strategic vision are determined, the system of indicators, which reflect the effectiveness of positioning and determine the place and role of a certain product on the market and at the same time in the economic portfolio of the enterprise, is substantiated. The result of the study is the conclusion substantiated by the authors that economic conditions of functioning of agricultural enterprises significantly affect the mechanism of formation of their strategic priorities. The proposed methodological approaches can be used by agricultural enterprises in the formation of market strategies for positioning their products, which determines their practical value.
 The expediency of studying the factors that directly affect the strategy of positioning of agricultural products at the regional and national levels is substantiated. The relationship between the number of agricultural products of Ukrainian producers and indices of agricultural products of Ukraine is established.
 The sown area of agricultural crops for 1991–2019 is specified. The dynamics of the volume of sown areas of agricultural crops carried out in Ukraine during the period of its independence is analyzed. SWOT-analysis of the agro-food sector of Cherkasy region and rural areas summarizes the most important strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats, determines the long-term concept of agricultural development of Ukraine and rural areas based on the assessment. The key aspects of the strategy of positioning of agricultural products in Ukraine, which should be based on production potential, export orientation, infrastructure and investments, are substantiated.

Econometric Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on the Sustainability of Agricultural Production in Ukraine

Econometric Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on the Sustainability of Agricultural Production in Ukraine

WAYS FOR IMPROVING OF FISCAL-ACCOUNTING REGULATION TO THE CONTEXT OF AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS IN UKRAINE ACCORDING TO THE WORLD TRENDS

The object of research: the procedural order of fiscal and accounting regulation of revenues from export agricultural products (export receipts, the export duty).
 Investigated problem: obtaining stable and repetitive connection between the accounting part, the fiscal part of the regulation and exports of agricultural goods with possibility of improvement.
 The main scientific results: it is revealed that the first stage of fiscal-accounting regulation of exported agricultural products is transactions’ accounting on accounts. It should be noted that, after the abolition of the mandatory sale in Ukraine, there is no need to apply the distributive account in export of agricultural products. It will help to reduce the time of enrollment the currency and its using by exporters for their needs. It is determined too, that the second stage of the regulation is the export receipts and revenues from the export duty. Moreover, using economic (mathematical) modeling, based on correlation-regression analysis, it is illustrated positive effects for reducing of export duty rates on revenues from export agricultural products in Ukraine.
 The area of practical use of the research results: Government of Ukraine in formation of export strategy, and exporters – in the context of accounting.
 Innovative technological product: the regulation technology of the cyclical accounting and fiscal parts in agricultural exports with using modeling econometric analysis for determination of direction of its development.
 Scope of the innovative technological product: Ukraine’s Government practice in using mathematic modeling for determination of trends of agricultural exports.

Regulation of superoxide dismutase activity in soybean plants by inoculating seeds with rhizobia containing nanoparticles of metal carboxylates under conditions of different water supply

Soybean is one of the most profitable advanced crops in agricultural production in Ukraine and the world as a whole. Therefore, studies of means of regulation and increase in the adaptive capacity of soybeans in symbiosis with nodule bacteria under the action of unfavourable environmental factors are relevant and should be aimed at the use of complex bacterial compositions involving modern nanotechnological approaches. Nanocarboxylates of ferrum, molybdenum and germanium metals were used as components of rhizobia inoculation suspension for soybean seed treatment to study the effectiveness of their complex effect on the regulation of the activity of the key antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase in plants under drought. Various symbiotic systems were used, which included soybean plants and inoculation suspensions based on the active, virulent Tn5-mutant Bradyrhizobium japonicum B1-20 by adding nanoparticles of ferrum, germanium and molybdenum carboxylates to the culture medium in a ratio of 1: 1000. Citric acid was the chelator. A model drought lasting 14 days was created during the period of active fixation of atmospheric molecular nitrogen by root nodules of soybeans in the budding and flowering stages, by means of controlled watering of plants to 30% of the total moisture content. In the stage of bean formation, watering of plants was resumed to the optimal level – 60% of the total moisture content. The control was soybean plants, the seeds of which were inoculated with a suspension of rhizobia without the addition of chelated metals. The following research methods were used in the work – microbiological, physiological and biochemical. According to the results, it was found that when nanoparticles of carboxylates of ferrum, molybdenum and germanium were added to the inoculation suspension of rhizobia, there was an increase in superoxide dismutase activity in root nodules and a decrease in soybean leaves under optimal water supply conditions of plants. This indicates the initial changes in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme in these symbiotic systems, induced by the influence of chelated metals in combination with the rhizobia of the active Tn5-mutant B. japonicum B1-20. Prolonged drought induced an increase in the overall level of superoxide dismutase activity in soybean nodules and leaves, compared to plants grown under optimal watering conditions. The symbiotic system formed by soybeans and B. japonicum with molybdenum carboxylate nanoparticles was the most sensitive to long-term drought exposure, compared to two other soybean-rhizobial symbioses using ferrum and germanium nanocarboxylates. This was manifested in the unstable reaction of the enzyme to the action of drought – suppression or intensification of the level of its activity in the root nodules and leaves of soybeans inoculated with rhizobia containing molybdenum carboxylate nanoparticles. In symbiotic systems with the participation of germanium and ferrum nanocarboxylates, slight changes were revealed in superoxide dismutase activity in root nodules and leaves of plants during drought and restoration of enzyme activity to the level of plants with optimal watering after water stress. It is concluded that the addition to the culture medium of rhizobia Tn5-mutant B1-20 of nanocarboxylates of germanium or ferrum is an effective means of regulating the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase in soybean root nodules and leaves, which can contribute to an increase in the protective properties and adaptation of plants to the action of dehydration.

НАПРЯМИ ІННОВАЦІЙНО-ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА В СИСТЕМІ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЙОГО КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ

The current state of development of agricultural production in Ukraine is characterized by a low level of development and use of the innovative potential of domestic enterprises. Strengthening the innovation potential and effective management of all innovative activities of an agricultural enterprise requires a combination of its human, financial and logistical resources, as well as scientific, technical and intellectual capabilities. The directions of development of innovation and investment activity of agrarian enterprises are determined, among which creation of an effective mechanism of innovative management activity of agricultural production at regional level, realization of technical and technological re-equipment of enterprises, application of small and medium business entities of integration tools management, increase of efficiency of scientific researches that has allowed to substantiate perspective vectors of modernization of the existing organizational and economic mechanism of development of innovation and investment activity of the enterprises of agricultural branch. Formation of measures for effective implementation of certain areas requires taking into account the current level of scientific and technological progress and the state of innovation potential, the specifics of economic development and features of agricultural activities in the regional aspect, the state of production and financial infrastructure, prospects for integration processes and others. Elaboration and observance of innovative orientation of investment activity of agricultural commodity producers causes necessity of application of strategic planning procedures. At the same time, the choice of further development strategy should be adequate to the existing investment potential of the enterprise and its ratio with the available ways of innovative development. The introduction of such restrictions and the application of the necessary management procedures of strategic planning allows to form the most rational investment portfolio of the enterprise and provide conditions for further implementation of production and technological, commercial and marketing and organizational and managerial innovations. Keywords: innovation and investment development, agricultural enterprises, competitiveness, innovation potential, strategic planning.