Agricultural Land In Ukraine Research Articles

Legal issues of protection of agricultural land in Ukraine at the present stage

Excessive anthropogenic pressure on land resources in Ukraine leads to a deterioration of their quality, and consequently they lose their potential. Human impact on the change of land quality can be direct (by involving land lots in use, carrying out economic activities) and indirect (as a result of such activity, enhancing the natural degradation of soils). The tendency of deterioration of the state of land resources requires the subordination of land relations to the main goal – to ensure comprehensive protection of this major national wealth of Ukraine. Legal support for the protection of agricultural land is considered as a single complex of interdependent elements: legal standards for the protection of land, soil, agricultural landscapes, and the mechanism for their implementation – legally significant measures: economic, organizational, scientific and technical. At the same time, it was concluded that the system of legal regulation of the use of agricultural land is not sufficiently saturated with mechanisms for regulating agricultural activity.

Land-Use Rights for Agricultural Land in Ukraine

The article deals with the rights to agricultural land under the conditions of the moratorium on the alienation of agricultural land in Ukraine. Currently land lease is the most widespread land-use right in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to investigate the features and prospects of the functioning of the land market in Ukraine and to increase investor interest in it. The dialectical method made it possible to consider the development of land-use rights in Ukraine, to formulate proposals for improving existing legislation. The method of comparative legal analysis made it possible to compare the system of relations of land ownership and lease in Ukraine and other countries of the world. Much attention has been paid to the abolition of the moratorium on the purchase of agricultural land in Ukraine, which will lead to a gradual increase in the share of entrepreneurial activity on owned land with an optimal ratio of land lease. Based on the features of agricultural land lease, the following positive points are highlighted: 1) the availability of long-term lease guarantees the tenant’s stability in land use and promotes better planning and investment attractiveness; 2) the ability to set a fixed size of land rent without taking into account the normative monetary valuation; 3) rents for agricultural land in Ukraine continue to be much lower than in other countries.

Reformation of the land market in Ukraine: financial and economic, social and political aspects

Purpose. The aim of the article is to research the theoretical and practical aspects of the current state and prospects of development and regulation of the agricultural land market in Ukraine. Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. General scientific and special methods are used in the course of the research, namely deductive, abstract and logical – in the study of problems of the agricultural land market in Ukraine, in assessing the current state of its functioning. Findings. The importance of the Ukrainian land as the main national wealth of the Ukrainian people is proved. Aspects of functioning of the land market in Ukraine at the present stage are described. The risks of launching the land market in times of war and imperfect legislation are considered. The expediency of sale of land to legal entities and concentration of one natural person not more than 200 hectares is substantiated; if business needs more than 200 hectares of land, then it is worth creating cooperatives and more citizens or families will be able to make a profit from joint business. A special mechanism for taxation of agricultural land sales is proposed. The expediency of free sale of land in Ukraine till 2025 is proved. It is substantiated that a tax equivalent to at least five thousand euros per hectare will provide significant revenue to the budget, prevent large-scale speculation in the land market, ensure high value of land and make it possible to use it as the expensive collateral for the purchase of agricultural machinery. Originality. It is established that the free sale of agricultural land in Ukraine to legal entities and individuals is ineffective, and it is advisable to sell only to the state and local communities. It is proved that the increase in the value of agricultural land in Ukraine and the reduction of possible speculation on the land market will be positively influenced by the taxation of land sales operations. Practical value. The obtained results of the study, which are expressed in the conclusions and proposals, contribute to solving problems of ensuring the effective functioning of the agricultural land market in Ukraine. Key words: land; land market; land price; agricultural land; taxation.

Ринок земель сільськогосподарського призначення в Україні: проблеми і перспективи впровадження

Ринок земель сільськогосподарського призначення в Україні: проблеми і перспективи впровадження

РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ОБІГУ ЗЕМЕЛЬ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ: ПОШУК УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОДЕЛІ

Introduction. The prerequisites for the circulation of agricultural land in Ukraine are considered in the article. The attention is paid to the peculiarities in comparison with other countries, which is important when choosing the Ukrainian model of the circulation of agricultural land. The purpose of the article is to study systematically the existed agricultural models of the circulation of agricultural land in the world and to determine the most appropriate one for Ukraine in the current geopolitical conditions. The results of the research. The classification of the agricultural land circulation models is proposed for the entities that can be market participants. The determined components that need clear regulation in the Ukrainian model are identified on the analysis basis of agricultural land circulation models existing in different countries of the world. These include entities that may be market participants; presence or absence of special entities; presence or absence of priority for the purchase of agricultural land; maximum area of agricultural land that can be privately owned by one person; food security mechanism; state mechanism of market regulation. The influence of each component on the market model in different countries is considered. It is proved that all countries whose market models are considered successful have a high level of state regulation aimed at protecting of national interests and supporting of domestic family-type farms. The conclusions. A village-saving model of agricultural land circulation has been proposed for Ukraine, which involves giving farmers a priority in the purchase of agricultural land, the creation of a State Land Bank and a State Reserve of agricultural land that cannot be transferred to private property to guarantee the country's food security. Keywords: agricultural land circulation, land market, moratorium, market model, agricultural land circulation model.

Priority directions for the development of the potential of the agrarian sector in the system of economic security of Ukraine

The article examines the importance of the existing potential of the agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy, the use of which is insufficient, given the results of its functioning in the system of economic relations. The basic preconditions, which complicate the processes of effective realization of the potential of the domestic agrarian sector in the system of providing economic security, are determined. Particular attention is paid to the problematic issues that form the destabilizing impacts on the development of the potential of the agrarian sector. It is noted that the incompleteness of agrarian reform and long-term transformation processes in the agrarian sector of the economy, the absence of a rationally organized market of agricultural land in Ukraine, the lack of development of vertically-integrated structures of the formation of value added connecting chains, complicate the processes of effective realization of the potential of the domestic agrarian sector. It is argued that in order to increase the economic, social and environmental efficiency of the functioning of the agrarian sector and the realization of its potential, it is expedient to adhere to certain strategic priorities that will ensure the strengthening of economic security. The article proposes a comprehensive implementation of the measures and the expected effect of the implementation of priority directions of development of the potential of the agrarian sector in the system of ensuring economic security of Ukraine.

Structural Transformations in Agriculture in Poland and Ukraine: Towards Economic Sustainability

The paper discusses the topic of production volume of selected agricultural products in Poland and in Ukraine by taking an attempt to assess the market development in the context of the general characteristics of agricultural farms in these countries. The collected information was analyzed with use of the comparative method, by juxtaposing information about the structure of agricultural farms in Poland and in Ukraine in terms of the organization of farms, their number and surface area according to the adopted area groups and the analysis of plant production according to main cultivated crops and their yield. Further factors used to evaluate the extent of changes in structural transformations in agriculture were statistical measures, including the determination coefficient. In Poland, agricultural production is conducted mainly in individual farms (also called family or private farms). This refers both to animal and plant production. On the other hand, in Ukraine, production takes place in agriculture enterprises and households, whose distribution is similar to uniform distribution. In spite of significant differences in the area covered by agricultural land in Ukraine and in Poland, the latter is characterized by a relatively high share of the production of cereal crops and sugar beet, while Ukraine is the leader in the production of sunflower seeds (second largest manufacturer in the world), which is only a marginal crop in Poland.

Бухгалтерський облік земель сільськогосподарського призначення в Україні: історія становлення та розвитку

The emergence of private land ownership in independent Ukraine certainly updated the issues of accounting for land plots, which in the Soviet period were state property and were provided to enterprises only for use. The purpose of the article is to disclose the genesis of accounting for agricultural land in Ukraine, to identify and systematize the features of its development. This will allow to predict how accounting for agricultural land will evolve in terms of a free land market in Ukraine. The economic and legal prerequisites for the development of accounting for land in Ukraine were considered. It was revealed that under the conditions of a moratorium on the sale of agricultural land, the accounting for land plots of agricultural purpose developed in a completely different way than the accounting for land plots of other categories. The analysis of Ukrainian dissertations devoted to solving the problems of accounting for agricultural land was carried out. The development ways of the methodology for accounting for agricultural land use were systematized. It was proved that there is a gap between the theory and practice of accounting for agricultural land in Ukraine. Among the main reasons for this situation: 1) The narrowness of scientific research within the framework of legal norms, in other words researchers did not take into account the nature of the land as a special asset, information requests of management practice, but tried to adjust their proposals to existing legal norms and did not proved the need to change such norms. 2) The lack of real interaction between science and bodies of methodological influence, which ensure the formation and implementation of state policies in accounting sphere (for example, the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine). 3) The interests of entities of global economy have a greater influence on the construction of accounting methodology than the interests of entities of local economy. Based on the study results, the authors came to the conclusion that after the introduction of the free land market, attention to accounting for agricultural land in Ukraine will gradually weaken, and it will be more difficult for the scientific community to prove to society, country's leadership and land users the need to adopt a separate methodology of accounting for agricultural land.

МАГНІТНА СПРИЙНЯТЛИВІСТЬ ҐРУНТІВ У СКЛАДІ ЕРОЗІЄЗНАВЧИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ

Water erosion of the soil is a major factor in the degradation of agricultural land in Ukraine. About 13 million hectares of arable land need additional protection. The study of the influence of the mentioned hazard processes is important both for the scientists and land endusers. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the possibilities of soil magnetic susceptibility mapping in erosion studies. The comparison with traditional methods is implemented. The studies were carried out at the territory of Farm Enterprise "Phoenix" of the Bliznyukovsky district of the Kharkiv region at the distance of 6 km to the southeast of the Lozova. The study site is used for crop production. The relief of the site is complicated by the developed ravine network. The soil is ordinary chernozems (Haplic Chernozems in WRB classification). We have registered high correlation between magnetic susceptibility (MS) of the studied chernozems and humus content (organic matter). The Spearman correlation coefficient slightly depends on the frequency magnetic susceptibility coefficient. The results give the opportunity to recommend soil MS studies as the additional tool in soil erosion mapping. The magnetic measurements are expensive and fast for the humus (organic matter) identification of eroded soil. The relation of the values of soil MS and the value of potential soil loss at the studied area was low. The study of the magnetic mineralogy confirmed the absence of the anthropogenic soil pollution. We confirmed this by the values of the frequency dependence of magnetic susceptibility which were above 6. The domination of the superparamagnetic (SP) grains with the size less than 20 nm was confirmed by the values of the frequency dependence of magnetic too. The majority of the MS values are 10-20. The magnetic minerals of the studied soil have been formed in real time under the pedogenic (natural soil formation) process.

FORMATION OF ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF THE MARKET TURNOVER OF AGRICULTURAL LAND

This article covers the research and development of theoretical and methodological approaches to theformation of the ecological and economic mechanism of market circulation of agricultural land. Substantiatedthat introduction of market circulation of agricultural land in Ukraine is an objective necessity ofinvestment support for the development of the agrarian sector of the economy, as well as an instrumentfor protecting the interests of all participants in land relations. The basic elements of the market circulationof agricultural land with the account of features of land resources as a commodity are determined.It is determined that the current mechanism of market circulation of agricultural land is realized underthe conditions of the regime of the demand and supply law limited by the institutional norms, as well asthe conditions of competition, the perfect inelasticity of the offer of land.On the basis of the research of the interconnections of the main components of the land market, thescheme of the structure of the ecological and economic mechanism of market circulation of agriculturalland is proposed, which, unlike the traditional representation, is presented as a set of elements and interconnectedsubsystems: a security, functional-instrumental, target and regulatory. In this case, thepolyfunctionality of the ecological and economic mechanism of market circulation of agricultural landcauses the need for the formation of appropriate institutes and regulatory institutions. Application of thisapproach will allow to further formulate more systematically administrative measures for the regulationof market circulation of agricultural land. In general, the introduction and effective functioning of theecological and economic mechanism of agricultural land circulation will provide an opportunity to ensurethe attraction of long-term investment resources to the agrarian sector and the increase of the productivepotential of the agricultural sector of the country.

PROBLEMS OF THE LAND MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN RELATED TERMS

The main objective is to investigate the detection and assessment of all the strong and weaknesses of the removal of moratoriums for the purchase and sale of agricultural lands of the country, taking into account the current realities of the development of Ukraine. The history of formation of the market of the Ukrainian land was analyzed, the main principles of the project of the Law “On the rotation of agricultural lands”, all the pros and cons of the removal of the moratorium for the purchase and sale of land, a general international experience of the functioning of the land market, was carried out a diag- nosis of the prospects for the removal of the reservation for the purchase and sale of agricultural land and open land market in Ukraine. The introduction of the rural agricultural market in Ukraine will be a positive signal for business and investors: real sellers and buyers will come in, attract investments, land will be used as a pledge for bank financing. Investors will invest in the land to maintain their savings, purchase and lease it, and then they will be asked to sell agricultural land in Ukraine. The opening of the land market on the eve of the seventh year requires the adoption of many weighed and duly decided decisions. And we need to be extremely coastal and take a close look at all the negative and positive impacts of this influence. It is imperative to influence the mechanism of the mortgage of the right to lease land, since this practice does not lead to a change of ownership of the land, and for the leased property will have a significant advantage, it will make it possible to attract significant funds for the development of victimization. Mid-term and land lease payments may be oriented towards further rede- velopment of rent, inheritance or redemption of land.

Improvement of the competitive organizational-economic model of disposal of agricultural land in Ukraine

Improvement of the competitive organizational-economic model of disposal of agricultural land in Ukraine

Peculiarities of state administration using agricultural land in Ukraine

Peculiarities of state administration using agricultural land in Ukraine

ДОЦІЛЬНІСТЬ ВІДКРИТТЯ РИНКУ ЗЕМЕЛЬ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕНЯ В УМОВАХ НЕСТАБІЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІТИЧНОЇ СИТУАЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ

The article considers the first consequences of opening the market of agricultural lands in Ukraine. And also to what extent the political situation in Ukraine affects the success of land reform. Despite the fact that Ukrainian land reforms are still ongoing, on July 1, 2021, an important milestone was reached: the partial launch of the market for the sale of agricultural land for individuals. The reform process was complex and involved an active public debate between various stakeholders on market mechanisms and forecasts. The basic principles of functioning and development of the market of agricultural land in Ukraine are determined. The intermediate stages of land reform, which became the impetus for the introduction of the land market, have been identified. The current information of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food on the land market in Ukraine as of 31.12.2021 is presented. The main problems faced by small and medium-sized farmers in bidding with large agricultural producers have been identified. If the state does not support small and medium farmers, we can assume that the open market of agricultural land in our country was premature. Due to the lack of a transparent and evidence-based policy on this important topic, this discussion was prompted by several fundamental societal fears about the consequences of launching a market. As a result, after the launch of the market for the sale of land, it is necessary to assess whether public concerns have any basis in the current development of the market.

THE PROBLEMS OF SPATIAL ORDERING AND TAXATION OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS

The problem of rationalizing the use of agricultural land is increasingly complicated in Ukraine. Today it has various aspects, the most important of which are technological, economic, organizational and environmental. That is why the level of use of land in Ukraine is now so critical that further land degradation potential in agriculture can have disastrous consequences. The objective of this paper is to study the economic effects of agricultural land use on example of Kyiv city. It is revealed that the problem of rational use and protection of agricultural land in Ukraine is deteriorating year by year. In today’s conditions, this manifests itself in various directions, among which, in our opinion, the deterioration of the ecological state as a result of irrational use. On examples of land plots of the Kyiv city, the procedure for calculating the normative monetary valuation of agricultural land as one of the main instruments for accompanying capital transactions has been considered. The information on the weak and strong sides of the objects of evaluation is shown, which allows to evaluate the effectiveness of its functioning, current, past and future costs and incomes, as well as development prospects, which as a result serves as the basis for making effective management decisions on the valuation object. According to the research results, which consists in changing the agricultural land purpose in Kyiv city, it was ascertained that the normative monetary valuation of these lands will increase over 6 billion UAH.

Prospects for the market turnover of agricultural land in Ukraine

The problems of organizing the functioning of the land market in Ukraine remain unregulated. Gradually, they have moved from the economic plane to the political one, thereby exacerbating social tensions in the society. The current state of land relations requires immediate reforms in terms of granting the right to almost 7 million citizens to dispose of their property. Therefore, the issue of completion of land reform and the introduction of agricultural land market is a responsible step for the state and provides for the development of a set of measures based on the forecast of socio-economic consequences for the whole society. This step may be related to the transfer of land to private ownership, formation of a multi-sectoral economy on the basis of ensuring equal development of various forms of management, ensuring conditions for the efficient and rational use of land. The authors emphasize that the draft laws on land turnover submitted for discussion do not specify the issue of transparency of the possible introduction of a free land market and contradict each other. They do not take into account the international experience of developed countries.

Food crisis as factor of future value of the agricultural land

At the present stage of human development, food is one of the most acute problems. Over the past 30-40 years, the growth rate of population in many countries of the world is ahead of the growth rate of agricultural production, which leads to acute shortage of food. This is especially true of developing countries, which accounts for the overwhelming majority of the population of the planet that is under-eating and starving. According to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), in the world now about half a billion people are constantly hungry and twice asleep. Insufficient consumption affects children in particular. Nearly 300 million children in Asia, Africa and Latin America are lagging behind in physical and mental development as a result of poor nutrition. Every day from hunger there are about 12 thousand people dying. According to FAO, food products around the world are produced in general enough to feed the entire population of the Earth. However, the main reason for the global food crisis is not that products are distributed among countries irrelevant to the population, although such a problem exists. Researchers believe that the food crisis is caused by the coincidence of demographic, environmental and energy problems with the effects of adverse weather conditions, as well as a colossal increase in military spending. Investigated the interconnection between the dynamics of population growth and world food production volumes with the areas of agricultural land and the possible influence of projected changes in agricultural land use on increasing the cost of agricultural land is substantiated. It was investigated that the average national land rent in Ukraine would increase by 25.5%. This in turn will lead to an increase in the value of agricultural land in Ukraine. Keywords : land cost, expert appraisal, agricultural land, deficiency, world food production.

Optimization of land as the main component of their effective use

The article analyzes the use of agricultural land in Ukraine and substantiates the ways of rational use and protection of land resources. The problems of effective use of agricultural lands are investigated. Factors affecting the productivity of agricultural land are considered.

GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF LAND RELATIONS: CIRCULATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND

UDC: 332.2.021.,332.02.
 Shary G., Phd. Associate Professor. Dubіschev V., DSc, Professor. Poltava National Technical Yuri Kondratyuk University. Government regulation of land relations: circulation of agricultural land. The need for institutional development and the basic principels of improving government regulation of circulation of agricultural land in Ukraine under modern conditions is reveals.
 Keywords: the lands’ circulation, government regulation, institution, valuation.

The market of agricultural land in Ukraine: Stages of formation and ecologically safe function

The article presents the main results of investigation of the land market and its problems in Ukraine. Three stages of agricultural land market are singled out and described. The necessity of a moratorium on the sale of agricultural land is present in Ukraine. Basic arguments are considered in relation to organization of land market on the basis of lease. The authors emphasize the necessity of introducing the market mechanism in agricultural production and the ecological aspects of the land market development. The main reasons are analyzed which determine the intensification of state regulation of the agricultural land market. The necessity of using experience of the western countries in Ukraine has also been substantiated, as well as a series of laws that should be approved, taking into account ecologically safe land use.