Industrial Agricultural Production Research Articles

Challenges towards raising agro-machinery industries in Bangladesh: Conceptualizing a multitasking framework for action

This paper investigates the obstacles to expanding and developing Bangladesh's agricultural machinery manufacturing and production industry. Due to its fertile soil and hospitable climate, Bangladesh is primarily an agricultural country where many crops are grown in large quantities. For food production to be secure and sustainable in the foreseeable future to meet future demand, mechanization is an indispensable factor. However, the agro machinery industry faces obstacles such as research facilities, financial support, qualified workers, technical support, double taxation, and storage facilities. Government policy can play a crucial role in fostering the growth and expansion of the agro-machinery industry and related communities. The article clearly describes how far away the agro machinery industry in Bangladesh is, discusses recent challenges, and encourages support for promoting mechanization throughout the country and strategies for overcoming future obstacles.

Encyclopedias as tools of modernization: Stalinist versions of agrarian knowledge

The article considers directions of the agrarian modernization as presented in the four editions of the Soviet agricultural encyclopedia from the mid-1920s to the mid-1950s. On the basis of some historical examples and theoretical concepts, the author explains the scientific, ideological and political significance of encyclopedias in the formation of social knowledge and ideology; shows how during the Stalinist period, the Soviet agricultural encyclopedias passed through several successive great leaps in the representation of agrarian knowledge under the accelerated Soviet modernization; stresses the manipulative way of managing agrarian knowledge and human capital in agriculture - on behalf of the leader and ruling party. The article describes the transition from the first Soviet encyclopedia of the 1920s, which focused on the modernization of peasant Russia, to the encyclopedia of the early 1930s, which denied the importance of the peasantry and praised the projects of large-scale industrial-agricultural production; many authors of the first peasant encyclopedia were repressed. The encyclopedia of the late 1930s reflects the fight against the authors of the previous encyclopedia of the great leap and the purges in the name of the ideology of the planning-management approach in the further modernization of Soviet agriculture. The encyclopedia of the late 1940s - early 1950s reflects the victory of the technocratic-bureaucratic worldview and personnel approach to the agrarian sphere, which prevailed in the agriculture of the USSR until the very end of the Soviet era. The author focuses on the influence of the subjective factor (political leaders, editors-in-chief and anonymous authors) on the ideology, topics and style of encyclopedic articles. In conclusion, the author notes that the strong ideological control and volatile political situation distorted knowledge in the Soviet agrarian encyclopedias, which negatively affected the quality of rural human capital and largely predetermined the stagnation of rural development in the late USSR.

The butterfly effect in the price of agricultural products: A multidimensional spatial-temporal association mining

With the advent of the era of big data, data mining methods show their powerful information mining ability in various fields, seeking the association information hidden in the data, which is convenient for people to make scientific decisions. This paper analyses the butterfly effect in the agricultural product industry chain from the perspective of producer and consumer by using multidimensional time and space theory and proposes a new price forecasting method. We consider that the price change of agricultural products is not only affected by the balance of market supply and demand but also by the factors of time and space. Taking the pig industry chain of Sichuan Province as an example, this paper explores and excavates the data from 2010 to 2020 in the time dimension. Interestingly, we found that the price changes in pork in the market are generally highly correlated with the prices of slaughtered pigs, piglets a few weeks ago and the prices of multiple feed a few months ago. Based on the precise time-space factors, we improved the price forecasting model, greatly improved the accuracy of price prediction, and proved the effectiveness of multidimensional spatiotemporal association mining. The research in this paper is helpful to establish a brand-new agricultural product price prediction theory, which is of great significance to the development of the agricultural economy and global poverty alleviation.

Без научной дискуссии голод и рост цен на пищу не остановить

Based on the analysis of the works of Boussengo, the article shows that the results of the French scientist's research do not reveal the essence of the mechanism of plant nutrition in nature, and his opinion about the possibility of producing artificial chemical fertilizers in order to obtain sustainable crop yields is a cautious hypothesis.
 The basis of the agrochemical direction in agriculture in the USSR is Liebig's theory of mineral nutrition of plants. This theory, implemented in practice, was the main reason for the death of the USSR and is the cause of the difficult state of the world agricultural food production industry, which is expressed in the continuous increase in food prices.
 Additional grounds have been obtained for the exceptional importance of institutional measures to overcome misconceptions in the agricultural and related sciences through the adoption of a provision on scientific discussion, without which food production will only decrease, bringing the threat of famine closer to the Third World War for fertile land.

Change Character of Electric Conductive Properties of Weeds Plants Tissue at Electric Impulse Damage

Currently, in order to obtain pre-planned results and increase the efficiency of using existing technologies, electrotechnological operations are applied in the processes of agricultural production, food and processing industries, including those that implement the effects of high voltage impulses. One of such promising technologies in agriculture can be considered to be electric impulse weeding that is the fight against unwanted and weed vegetation. Such operation, which is carried out with high rates of technological efficiency, is environmentally friendly and refers to high-tech processes. For practical applications and technical implementations, it is necessary to study various properties and parameters of effected objects – weeds. The partial dependence of the electrical resistance of the plant tissue or the dispersion of resistance over the frequency of the measuring current was decided to be used as the studied characteristic. This approach allows to consider weeds not only as a load with which the electrical energy supply system is in contact but also to thoroughly study how this resistance changes during processing. The conducted experimental studies made it possible to clarify the nature of the change in resistance under the damage process to plant tissue, as well as to estimate the quantitative indicators of both the energy absorbed by the plant tissue and the ranges of variations of its resistance. The change character in the plant tissue resistance at the process of the electrical impulse damage remains unchanged, only the resistance value at low frequencies decreases. The total damage corresponds to the period of processing when the resistance of the plant tissue is practically equal at low and high frequencies. This behavior of the mentioned parameter is typical for internal and surface tissues of weeds, as well as for their root systems and leaf-stem parts. Theoretical verification of the change character in the plant tissue resistance of destroyed weeds confirmed the description of the proposed mechanism of change in resistance in the process of irreversible electrical impulse damage.

Methodological Aspects of the Analysis and Assessment of the Creditworthiness of Enterprises in Various Areas of the Agro-Industrial Complex and the Practice of Their Application

The agro-industrial complex plays one of the main roles in the economy not only of the Russian Federation, but also of all countries of the world. The standard of living of the population and food security of the country directly depend on the development of the agro-industrial complex and its support by the state. Enterprises of the first and third spheres of the agro-industrial complex in their activities are focused on the development of the second sphere of the agro-industrial complex–agricultural production, which is characterized by natural, technological and economic features. Agricultural production is significantly associated with natural factors, this relationship determined the riskiness of this industry and taking into account the features in all processes of enterprise development and the choice of state regulation mechanisms. The development of agricultural production and related industries is impossible without the attraction of borrowed funds and the formation of specific approaches in the process of financial and credit services. Credit organizations, serving enterprises in this industry, take this factor into account, and provide an opportunity to draw up a convenient schedule for debt repayment.

A review: Agricultural production and food industry during Pandemic COVID-19

During the Covid-19 pandemic, many sectors were affected, including the world economic sector, which had fallen sharply, leading to several countries experiencing recession. some businesses closed due to government restrictions. However, this is different from the food industry, which is required to continue producing to meet food needs during the Covid-19 pandemic. This is not in line with the production system that is being implemented because there are several obstacles related to the supply of raw materials for production and ensuring that the health level of workers is maintained during a pandemic. This is a challenge for the food industry, because on the one hand they have to meet the needs of consumers while the production system is hampered because it can be caused by an unusual division of working hours. Therefore, a literature study was conducted regarding the state of the food industry production system during the Covid-19 pandemic and examined several policies that could be taken to ensure that the food production system continues as expected and supports food security.

ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF INTEGRATION PROCESSES

Agroindustrial integration, which is an organic union and effective functioning of specialized agricultural, industrial and processing enterprises in order to obtain final products from agricultural raw materials and achieve greater economic benefit through mutual material interest, has gained practical relevance in modern conditions, when various organizational forms of integration began to emerge. The problem of further development of both agricultural production and processing industry should be solved by creating a mutually beneficial and mutually stimulating mechanism of cooperation between them. The importance of ensuring technological, economic and organizational unity of production, processing, procurement and sale of agricultural products determines the need for the development of integration processes in the agroindustrial complex. Agroindustrial integration solves the problems of accumulating financial resources to solve the priority areas of development of agriculture and its service spheres, the improvement of the financial condition of enterprises and organizations of agroindustrial production, the expansion of opportunities to market the products of agricultural producers. At the present stage integration develops on the basis of the movement of investments, for which certain state norms and rules have been created, proposals for institutions - organizations have been developed to promote the inflow of investments in the regions as well as in the agrarian sector of the economy. Economic integration in the agroindustrial complex and certain food subcomplexes is aimed at establishing interaction and business cooperation between various economic entities and their partners in technologically, organizationally and economically interrelated sectors of the economy. Any integration structure is focused on improving the use of partners’ production potential on the basis of mutual interest and close mutually beneficial cooperation.

The path of improving the value chain flow of agricultural products industry under the effect of technology agglomeration

ABSTRACT Technology agglomeration effect is the economic effect produced by the spatial concentration of industry and economic activities, and it is one of the key factors to enhance the industrial value chain. In recent years, China’s agricultural market has gradually opened up, speeding up the marketisation and commercialisation of agricultural products. However, due to the increasing competition in the Chinese agricultural market, the value chain of the agricultural product industry is facing many challenges. The challenges faced by the value chain of the agricultural product industry are of two types: upstream and downstream. The upstream is the scope to improve yield and scarcity of resources and the downstream includes food chain loss, consumption moving towards F & V and pulses and lack of transparency and traceability. Thus, on the basis of the connotation of the agricultural product industry’s value chain and value flow, this article compares and analyses the development status of domestic and foreign industrial value chains, and finally proposes an upgrade path to increase the flow of Chinese agricultural industry’s value chain. It is expected to provide a reference for improving the economic benefits of Chinese agricultural product industry’s value chain.

Highly precision carbon dioxide acoustic wave sensor with minimized humidity interference

Extensive applications of carbon dioxide (CO2) in various fields, such as food industry, agricultural production, medical and pharmacological industries, have caused a great demand for high-performance CO2 sensors. However, most existing CO2 sensors suffer from poor performance in a wet environment and often cannot work accurately in a high humidity condition. In this study, a quartz crystal resonator (QCR) coated with a uniform layer of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is proposed to detect both the concentrations of CO2 and water molecules simultaneously, which can be used to significantly minimize the humidity interference. Unlike the other common gas sensors, the RGO-based CO2 QCR sensor can be operated in different humidity levels and the concentration of CO2 can be quantified precisely and effectively. Moreover, it has a fast response (∼0.4 s), which is also suitable for respiration monitoring. Our results showed that before and after a volunteer did a low-intensity exercise, the sensor could detect the differences of concentrations of CO2 in the exhaled breath (i.e., 4.50 % and 5.15 %, respectively).

ЗЕМЕЛЬНА РЕФОРМА ЯК ЧИННИК АКТИВІЗАЦІЇ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙ У ВІТЧИЗНЯНИЙ АГРАРНИЙ СЕКТОР

Agricultural production and processing industries are of strategic social and economic importance and act as export oriented industries of Ukraine. However, complete absence of an adequate market for land, imperfect land management and questionable principles of land valuation restrict development of agricultural industry. The main difference with land market in any other foreign country is free access to easy and transparent trade of land plots. On the other hand, what other countries have perfected over the years, only remains at an embryonic stage in Ukraine. Having taken the above statements into consideration, it is of vital importance to research the empirical data of functioning land markets abroad and to analyze local aspects of the land reform in Ukraine. The research conducted identified country specific aspects which relate to trade and land lease. Namely: the highest and the lowest fee for land lease, the minimum term for land lease agreements, requirements for termination of land lease, priority of a tenant to purchase the land plot, protection aspects for landlords who cultivate their land, purchase priorities for the neighboring farmers, citizenship requirements for land owners and the maximum volume/area of land owned. In this research the main aspects and limitations of the following were considered: receipt of ownership rights for land plots which qualify for agricultural use by citizens of Ukraine, state owned banks, legal entities, foreign citizens, foreign legal entities, defined by Ukrainian legislation, Bill 552-IX. The research concluded that in order to ensure a successful land reform in Ukraine a range of conditions needs to be met. These include, but are not limited to: protection of ownership rights of landlords/investors, improvements to judicial system, adaptations to agricultural legislation and civil rights, registration of all land plots in s single register and adaptation of their fair value. As a result of application of the mentioned improvements, new and effectively functioning land markets should ensure the following: owner and investor protection, improvements in market transparency, inflow of investments and introduction of innovative solutions, efficiency improvements and higher capitalization of domestic agricultural producers. To conclude, the research has proven that application and adaptation of methods used in European countries in promotion of farming cooperatives, simplifying requirements to for leasing contracts, and trade loans from producers of agricultural machinery and equipment in order to surpass the breakeven point is relevant to development of Ukrainian market and it is recommended that past experience of European countries, which have already undergone this procedure is regularly consulted with.

НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ И СНИЖЕНИЕ РИСКА ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ АГРОПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ В ЦИФРОВОЙ СРЕДЕ

Agriculture can rightfully be called one of the most risky areas of production and business. Modern technologies, machines, information systems make it possible to accurately predict and assess risks, and therefore pro- vide agricultural producers with opportunities to manage risk, the final results of production activities, and indicators of efficiency and profitability. The article discusses the impact on reducing the risk of production and increasing the efficiency of the introduction of digital technologies in agriculture. The author highlighted the main legislative and regulatory documents that determine the staging of the process of introducing digital technologies into agricultural production, and also analyzed the implemented activities, programs and projects within the framework of the Digital Agriculture project. The impact of risks on agricultural production is undeniable, they cause fluctuations in both indicators of agricultural production and related industries (processing, food processing), determine not only the profitability of agricultural producers, but also the food and economic security of the country. The author identifies the formation of a digital environment in agriculture as one of the areas of control, regulation and minimization of production risk to an acceptably low level, as well as increasing production efficiency. The introduction of digital technologies in agriculture, based on digital solutions such as big data and artificial intelligence, the Internet of things and robotization, is carried out both at the national, regional and agribusiness levels. Therefore, it is important to evaluate each digital solution, the effectiveness of its implementation and the ability to influence the final result of the activity.

Directions for the Rational Use of Additional Organic and Mineral Resources of Peat Deposits

The article discusses the issues of insufficient use of organic and mineral resources of peat deposits (substandard peat, mineralised sapropel, wood inclusions of peat deposit, organomineral deposits, etc.). The authors propose a structural scheme of directions of processing and use of organic and organomineral biogenic resources. It includes obtaining various types of composite formed materials for their application in four main directions: energy, agricultural production, environmental protection, and construction industry. Mineral clay components improve the ability of composite materials to be shaped by extrusion and pelletising methods. Some of them also have catalytic activity, which is the basis for their use in thermochemical processing. In peat raw materials, subjected to the process of self-heating during the storage, there is a change of the group chemical composition with the formation of hydrophobic compounds (termobitums). This opens up additional perspectives of their extraction and usage for hydrophobic modification of mineral disperse materials. The classification of industrial wastes and organomineral resources of peat deposits according to the required qualitative characteristics with the indication of possible directions of additional processing is presented in the paper.

Biological inputs and agricultural policies in South America: between disruptive innovation and continuity

In South America, public policies take a strong interest in alternative technologies to agricultural chemical inputs (pesticides and fertilisers). Some South American countries support biological inputs, also known as bioinputs, through national incentive programmes and regulatory changes. Argentina, Brazil and Colombia are playing a leading role. However, the intention behind this promotion of bioinputs is not to break with industrial agricultural production models, from which States derive a large part of their tax income through exports. Rather, the goal is to foster coexistence between chemical and biological inputs in the context of a transition towards the bioeconomy. In this sense, the promotion of bioinputs meets the expectations of many South American farmers, as well as those of the agricultural inputs industry, which over the last few decades has diversified into these technologies. But these industrial dynamics are counter to certain farmers’ movements that defend on-farm production of biological inputs.

УПРАВЛІННЯ РИЗИКАМИ В ЕКСПОРТНО-ОРІЄНТОВАНИХ ЛАНЦЮГАХ ПОСТАЧАННЯ АГРОПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ

The increase in agriexport volume is largely determined by the potential of the domestic market, technological development of agricultural production and processing industries, infrastructure, including logistics support. The development of global agrifood supply chains has been influenced by the interests the agricultural market players, from primary agricultural producers to consumers in marketing niches. The presence of risks drivers at the level of agricultural producers, processing enterprises and other participants in agri-food supply chains necessitates the formation of competitive positioning strategies. Ukraine relies on imports of milk and dairy products, potatoes, vegetables, fruits, berries and grapes, which can be grown by domestic producers. Such commodities are subjects to the agricultural bargaining in many developed economies. Cooperation between government agencies and associations of agricultural producers helps to reduce the level of uncertainty and risk under the destructive effects of global economic forces. The role of the government in the formation of risk management mechanisms in agribusiness is more noticeable than in other areas, which is reflected by the impact on subsidization mechanism, taxation, the formation of marketing channels of produce movement, leveling the influence of market power of retailers. It is not justified to increase the volume of exports of products that could be used as feed by the domestic farmers. Increasing exports of raw materials does not always contribute to a positive image of the country in the world markets. As an example the supply of organic soybeans to the US market was illustrated. The impact of risks on participants in agrifood supply chains necessitates the involvement of innovative technologies, financial instruments, regulatory government programs, as well as best management practices.

Mothers’ Milk: How Gender and Immigration Obscure Agricultural Expertise and Care Work in Dairyland

AbstractGender is a key lens through which to understand industrial agricultural production in rural twenty‐first century communities. Here, I examine the gendered imaginaries of dairy production that perpetuate the meaning of “farmer” as masculine and white. The expertise of Mexican immigrant workers, and particularly that of women on spousal visas, challenges such assumptions and highlights the role of unremunerated labor in sustaining the industrial food chain. Everyday experiences of gender and race are shaped not only by local‐level assumptions but also by federal‐level immigration policies and employer recruitment practices that result in a mostly male immigrant agricultural workforce. In this article, I draw on interviews with rural Minnesota community members, as well as local and regional news coverage, to examine how gender and race intersect to marginalize the work and expertise of Mexican immigrants in the rural Midwest. In this case, Mexican immigrant mothers frame their labor as part of a complex calculus of immigration benefits and sacrifices.

Research on the Development of Agricultural Products Under the Background of “Internet +”

The development status of Fengxian Dahongpao agricultural products industry are reviewed briefly. In addition, from the aspects of brand benefits, natural environment, e-commerce platform sales, e-commerce infrastructure, product development, traffic conditions and so on, a series of problems occurred in the development of Fengxian Dahongpao pepper industry are further analyzed. Under the advantage of using the internet platform, the relevant effective countermeasures to promote the sustainable and steady development of Fengxian Dahongpao pepper industry are proposed.

Projeção populacional, mudanças climáticas e efeitos econômicos: uma avaliação a partir de blocos econômicos agrícolas

A trajetória populacional futura e as mudanças climáticas são aspectos que geram incertezas quanto aos seus prováveis efeitos sobre a economia, especialmente a produção agrícola e indústria de alimentos. O artigo simula os efeitos de cenários populacionais e um de mudanças climáticas a partir do modelo de equilíbrio geral computável GTAP. É construída uma versão do GTAP 10 para reconhecer as atividades da agropecuária e silvicultura e indústria de alimentos, além de oito regiões denominadas blocos econômicos agrícolas, construídos a partir de técnicas de análise multivariada. As simulações dinâmicas do desvio acumulado entre o baseline e os cenários de política até 2050 apontaram, isoladamente, efeitos negativos generalizados das mudanças climáticas sobre o PIB e atividades econômicas dos blocos. Os resultados dos cenários populacionais indicaram que os blocos constituídos por países mais ricos e com economias mais diversificadas tenderiam a ganhar em detrimento dos demais em termos de PIB. Por outro lado, seria incentivada, de forma generalizada, a produção da agropecuária e silvicultura e da indústria de alimentos dos blocos. Em termos conjuntos, os efeitos negativos das mudanças climáticas tenderiam a superar os efeitos positivos dos cenários populacionais e de forma mais intensiva naqueles que projetam menor crescimento populacional.

Ozonation for feed raw materials disinfection (review)

The issues of disinfection of raw materials for feed production by the method of ozonation were considered in the review. Ozonation could be a universal method of plant raw materials disinfection in agricultural enterprises and formula-feed plants. A research objective is to generalize and analyze scientific publications devoted to the feed raw materials disinfection by ozone, as well as to clarify information on rational parameters of such type of disinfection and its effect on the quality of feed. Moreover, we assessed the possibility of further use of ozonation in the production process. For the research of the subject, we searched and selected scientific articles published from 2005 to 2020 and conducted a systematic review. Ozonation was found to be an effective method for feed decontamination that destroys pathogenic bacteria and fungi. This method is also used to detoxify feed and control pest insects. Ozonation is not yet widely used in agricultural production and formula-feed industry to ensure the biological safety of feed raw materials. Additional research aimed at improving the efficiency of ozonation by standardization of parameters for its implementation to ensure the broadest possible application of the method under study should be carried out. The development of technical solutions that increase the diffusion of gaseous ozone will significantly increase the safety and preservation of raw materials. Rational values of ozone concentration, processing time, etc., for each type of raw materials, as well as for mycotoxins, pesticides, microorganisms and insects, including different stages of their growth and development, should be defined. Special attention should be also focused on the study of the complex efficiency of ozonation concerning several pathogenic factors.

Morphological features of oat (Avena Sativa L.) shoots formation in the southern part of Ukraine

Oats is essential for agricultural production and processing industry due to the unique biochemical composition of its grain. Thus, it is very important to study the biological and morphometric features of oats. The length and area of the plant's organs can establish a degree of comfort of growing conditions and determine during which period of plant's life the external weather conditions changed. Phytomers are basic repetitive functional units of the oat shoot. This paper presents the description and parameters of development of oat shoot metamers, namely, the identification of growth patterns of terrestrial vegetative metamers of oat shoots and their parts. The experiments were conducted in 2013, 2014 and 2018. The weather conditions of the specified years varied greatly – 2013 and 2014 were the most favorable in terms of humidification and precipitation, while 2018 was a very dry one. The paper determines the absolute and relative growth rates of the oat shoot internode paper and the maximum growth rate of each metamer in the linear phase. According to our observations, the absolute growth rate of oats was negligible and increased from 0.01 to 0.5 mm/d when the air temperature varied from 15 °C to 20 °C. However, when the air temperature reached about 20 °C, the absolute growth rate increased from 0.5 mm/d to almost 2 mm/d. We also found the effective sum temperatures under which the beginning and the end of the growth of each internodes take place. Thus, the first internode starts to grow the effective temperature sum of up to 117 °C is with the accumulated while the panicle starts growing when the effective temperature sum of up to 668 °C is accumulated. The growth of both the seventh internode and the panicle stops at the same time when the effective temperature sum of up to 1173 °C is accumulated. The ontogeny of oat shoots has a regular sequence of growth and development of terrestrial vegetative shoot metamers and their parts. The average growth duration of oat stem internode duting the years of research constituted 9 days for the first internode, 30 days for the seventh internode and 26 days for the panicle .