Agricultural Enterprises In Ukraine Research Articles

Study on the profitability of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine during the russian military invasion of Ukraine

This paper examines the effectiveness of grouping agricultural enterprises according to the wheat harvested area and assesses their profitability. We have developed linear and non-linear regression equations to predict the income for said groups of enterprises. The methodology is designed for cases when future market prices are probabilistic in nature. With the help of the developed methodology, it is possible to calculate the necessary production volumes in the conditions of price fluctuations. We have used the Goldfeld–Quandt parametric test to test the model for heteroscedasticity. Calculations show that agricultural holdings are indeed inefficient, and preference should be given to enterprises with medium crop areas. Application of the Lagrange multipliers method when solving the problem of agricultural enterprise optimization makes it possible to increase profitability. The case of price risk, when future market prices are not deterministic, is considered. Therefore, it is necessary to be guided by two criteria when making managerial decisions: to maximize the expected total net income and to minimize the variance of the total net income.

Practical study of the implementation of circular economy at agricultural enterprises of Ukraine

Given the role of the agricultural sector in the development of the Ukrainian economy, it is important to find methods to improve the efficiency of its operation. Since one of them is the introduction of a circular economy, the study of cases of its application in the country is relevant. The purpose of the study was to show an example of the implementation of this concept in Ukraine, depicting the advantages and disadvantages of its application. The main research methods were analysis, comparison, and forecasting. The most significant example of implementing the principles of circular economics at the enterprise, namely the company Myronivsky Hliboproduct, was evaluated. It was shown that the company's approach is based on processing waste into biogas and using it as energy. This process not only helps to avoid increasing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, but also makes much more efficient use of the available resources. In addition, the features water recycling and existing trends in this area were described. Special attention was paid to the difficulties that the company faced during the start of the full-scale Russian invasion in 2022, and what actions were taken to improve the situation. Conclusions were also drawn about the likely opportunities for the company to achieve its goals in the context of the circular economy, considering current trends in the development of Ukraine. The practical value of the study lies in its usefulness for developing recommendations for enterprises to implement the concept of a circular economy. In addition, data from the study can be used by state representatives to improve the effectiveness of policy implementation in the agricultural sector

Economic efficiency of feed use in milk production in agricultural enterprises of Ukraine

The article conducted comprehensive studies of the economic efficiency of using feed in milk production in Ukrainian agricultural enterprises. The principal value and natural indicators that characterize the productivity of feed use in dairy cattle breeding are defined. Based on the benchmarking technique, an assessment of the relative technological efficiency of the use of feed by the regions of Ukraine was carried out, and potential reserves of their reduction relative to the reference value of the indicator of feed consumption per 1 t of milk was established. The main measures to increase the economic efficiency of using feed in milk production in Ukraine's agricultural enterprises are proposed. According to the results of the study, it was established that the payment of feed in enterprises that produce milk in Ukraine for 2010-2023 increased from 2.5 to 17 UAH per 1 feed unit, which is due to the devaluation of the national currency during the studied period and partly due to the increase in technological efficiency use of fodder. In terms of US dollars, the feed payment for milk production during the same period increased from 0.31 to 0.51 dollars per 1 feed unit. As of the end of 2023, Ukrainian enterprises spent an average of 0.41 dollars of the cost of all types of feed to obtain 1 dollar of the cost of raw milk sold. Accordingly, for 1 dollar of the cost of fodder, enterprises produce and sell raw milk worth 2.41 dollars. It is essential to diversify milk sales channels with a partial focus on direct sales directly to the final consumer, taking into account the almost three-fold ratio between the level of retail and wholesale prices of milk sales. To increase the economic efficiency of the use of fodder in the dairy cattle industry of Ukraine, it is also necessary to implement a system of organizational and technological measures to improve the conditions of keeping, animal care, veterinary support, optimization of feeding rations, fodder storage conditions, implementation of cow productivity monitoring using specialized software.

Digital Technologies in the Process of Forming Sustainable Strategies for Agricultural Enterprises in International Markets

The active phase of applying digital technologies contributed to their implementation in forming sustainable strategies for agricultural enterprises in international markets. It is proved that the development of certain functions of international marketing and their active extension beyond the enterprise, the development of a scheme of interaction with the consumer, and intra-company integration with increased feedback in modern conditions have gained practical importance and ensured the formation of sustainable strategies of agricultural enterprises.
 Ukrainian enterprises, having not yet fully resumed business activity after the COVID-19 pandemic, have entered a new risk zone caused by the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. Ukrainian companies understand the responsibility of business for the state of economic recovery in Ukraine and are trying to act here and now to stay afloat.
 Digital technologies are being actively implemented in various economic sectors, so Ukrainian agricultural enterprises have to use digital progress to effectively develop sustainable strategies in international markets to remain competitive in today's market. 
 It has been proven that in the current conditions of international business activity, only those companies that can use promising digital technologies in the early stages of business development will remain competitive.
 It is substantiated that, depending on the specialization of the enterprise and the specifics of the goods or services provided there, the segments of domestic and international markets in which goods and services are sold, it is worth choosing connectivity platforms that will act as information support for enterprises in the process of forming sustainable strategies in international markets. 
 International marketing research was conducted to select new international markets based on information collected from the "Trade Map" and "Theglobaleconomy" connectivity platforms, which operate on a user's request.
 Using the example of the product group "1512 Sunflower oil", two segments of attractive international markets for Ukrainian agricultural producers were identified. The first segment is the markets of Ireland, Switzerland, Austria, and Belgium, where there are favorable business conditions for Ukrainian farmers. The second segment is the markets of Poland, Bulgaria, and the United Kingdom, where there is an opportunity to increase sales of sunflower oil. It is substantiated that the intensification of business activities of agricultural producers of the product group "1512 Sunflower oil" will allow in the short term to ensure the implementation of the sustainable development strategy, despite all the difficulties that have arisen as a result of the active phase of the war in Ukraine. 
 Keywords: digital technologies, sustainable development strategy, international business activities, a system of indicators of attractiveness of international markets, connectivity platforms, segmentation of international markets, agricultural enterprises

ГЕОСТРАТЕГІЧНЕ ВІКНО МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ ІННОВАЦІЙНО-ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ УКРАЇНИ: ІНСТИТУЦІОНАЛЬНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ТА ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНІ МЕХАНІЗМИ РОЗВИТКУ ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ АГРАРНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

It is determined, that Russia’s ongoing war in Ukraine has attracted great attention around the world and caused concern. Radical geopolitical uncertainty is changing the rules of the global economy. Countries must accept new realities and adapt to them, prioritizing flexibility and resilience. Ukraine needs to take advantage of the geostrategic window of opportunity for innovation and investment modernization of all sectors of the economy, especially the agricultural sector, as one of the main export-oriented sectors designed to ensure food security and healthy nutrition not only for the domestic market but also for the growing global population; to become an important regional actor and eventually integrate into the European Union, to avoid becoming an outsider in the global economy. The research is devoted to the study and analysis of the problems of innovation and investment modernization of the agricultural sector in accordance with the requirements of sustainable development and global geopolitical uncertainty in order to take advantage of the geostrategic window of opportunity in the post-war period. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive assessment of innovation and investment transformations taking place in the agricultural sector in countries in the context of the challenges of global sustainable development in order to determine the priorities of institutional regulation and organizational and economic mechanisms for the development of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine in order to take advantage of the geostrategic window of opportunity in the post-war period. The objective of the scientific research is to identify the most successful group of countries in terms of implementation of intensification of production activities, efficiency of implementation of innovation policy and ability to meet the needs for food, taking into account the requirements of sustainable development, substantiation of recommendations for innovation and investment modernization of agricultural production activities of domestic producers, determination of priorities for institutional regulation and organizational and economic mechanisms for the development of foreign economic activity. The following methods of scientific research were used in the article: the method of system analysis, forecasting, generalization, modeling, namely, clustering by the K-Means algorithm. The leading countries with highly innovative agro-industrial sectors are grouped and their experience in formulating state policies aimed at supporting innovative transformations of the agro-industrial complex is summarized. The priority directions of institutional regulation and organizational and economic foundations for the development of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine are substantiated. Keywords: clustering, geostrategic window of opportunity, international trade, foreign trade, foreign economic activity (FEA), exports, imports, organizational and economic foundations and mechanisms, institutional regulation, innovation and investment modernization and transformation, institutional design of development, state support, state policy, business environment, sustainable development, agricultural production, agricultural sector, agriculture, agricultural enterprises, agricultural products, agricultural products, world / international economy.

ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ УКРАЇНИ ТА КИТАЮ

The article is aimed at identifying the features and comparing the main trends in the development of information support for agricultural enterprises in Ukraine and China. The relevance of the article is due to the importance of agricultural development in both countries in the context of food security. It is determined that the factor of agricultural development is precisely the informatisation and digitalisation of the industry. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to identify the features and conduct a comparative analysis of the main trends in the development of information support for agricultural enterprises in Ukraine and China. First, the general features and history of agricultural development in the two countries are analysed. The history of development of information support of agricultural enterprises in the countries is analysed. The main aspects of implementation of information support in agriculture of the countries are considered. The main directions of use of information support of agricultural enterprises are determined, the analysis of development trends and comparative analysis of both countries are carried out. The trends in the development of precision agriculture in Ukraine and China are studied. The main information technologies that ensure the development of precision agriculture are identified. The main aspects of the use of big data in agriculture of the countries are determined. The features of the use of artificial intelligence by agricultural enterprises of the countries are determined. The main problems associated with the insufficient level of implementation of information support for agricultural enterprises are identified. It is established that the information support of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine is currently insufficient. The scientific significance of the work is a detailed study of the information support of agricultural enterprises in both countries. The practical value of the work lies in detailing the shortcomings of informatisation of agriculture in Ukraine, which can be used to overcome existing problems and improve the development of the industry.

Управління фінансовою діяльністю сільськогосподарських підприємств в Україні

The aim of the article is to substantiate the need to manage the financial activities of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine in the context of ensuring a sufficient amount of financial resources to fulfill all production and non-production goals. In the context of the study, the essence of financial activity has been defined and its functional characteristics have been allocated, which allows for a detailed assessment of its role in the financial provision of enterprise development. The main factors influencing the financial activity of agricultural enterprises are systematized, the consideration of which is the determining function of the management process. An analysis of the main indicators of economic development of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine has been carried out, which has allowed to define the level of profitability of their activities, which indicates the availability of own financial resources in the structure of sources of financial support. It is substantiated that the profitable activity of agricultural enterprises does not allow them to fully finance their own needs of expanded reproduction, and high prices for fixed assets and current assets force them to use other sources of financial security. The main methods of financial support for the activities of agricultural enterprises have been researched and described in detail, which has allowed to substantiate the use of the most alternative methods of financing, which are reduced to self-financing, lending, State financial support and leasing. In order to study the management aspects of ensuring the efficiency of financial activities, the stages of management are presented with a clear detailing of the functions at each of them, which makes it possible to correctly approach the management process and determine its main elements. In order to ensure the efficiency of management of financial activities, the main structural elements of this process have been identified and the features of the activities of agricultural enterprises, which should be taken into account in the development of managerial decisions, have been clearly allocated.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ВИТРАТ НА ВИРОБНИЦТВО СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ В УКРАЇНІ

The article examines the main specific features of the formation of costs for the production of agricultural products in the conditions of war in Ukraine. The specifics of the "costs" category in the theoretical and practical economic context are outlined. The assessment of costs and losses in the activities of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises during the war requires special attention, as one of the key factors in determining the state and possibilities of the functioning of the national economy. The methodological basis of the correct calculation of the cost of production and sale of agricultural products in the conditions of hostilities becomes one of the key conditions for preserving production and preventing its bankruptcy. The changes in the production of agricultural products that occurred as a result of military actions on the territory of Ukraine, in general in this sector of the economy and in the fields of plant and animal husbandry, have been determined. By the beginning of 2023, production in the industry as a whole decreased by 28%, including in crop production by 39.5%, and in livestock production by 8.2%. It was the closure of enterprises in the war zone and the loss of production capacity that became the main cause of destabilization of the agrarian sector of the country's economy. The scope and specifics of production losses in the industry as a result of hostilities, shelling and mining were assessed. The structure and main elements of material costs for the production of agricultural products in the conditions of war are analyzed. The undoubted advantage of agriculture in the conditions of hostilities is its ability to be self-sufficient and self-reproducing, but with modern technologies, without additional involvement of external resources, at least in the form of fuel and spare parts for machinery and electricity, it is impossible to ensure the production process. In addition, a significant problem is the shortage of labor resources in rural areas. The main elements of production costs in war conditions are disclosed. The importance of natural reproduction in the industry as a factor contributing to lower rates of cost growth in difficult conditions of supply of material resources necessary for intensive production of products was determined and evaluated.

TOOLKIT FOR SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS IN THE SYSTEM OF INCLUSIVE CORPORATE MANAGEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN AGRICULTURAL COMPANIES

The research subject is the social responsibility of agribusinesses in the context of current corporate governance practices. Methodology. The study uses the following methods of economic research: content analysis method (when processing scientific sources and reviewing thematic literature); abstract and logical method (when substantiating the defining principles and criteria of social responsibility of business entities in the agricultural sector); statistical observations and economical and statistical calculations (when analysing indicators of the achieved state of social responsibility of agricultural companies); abstract and logical method (when substantiating conclusions to the study). The research is aimed at finding tools to increase the social responsibility of agrarian business through the transformation of the corporate culture of agricultural management of Ukrainian companies. Conclusion. Ukraine has a strong agricultural potential. However, achieving national and global sustainable development goals, which are relevant shortly, requires a change in business values and strategic guidelines. Such values should be aimed at solving the problems of protecting the environment, preserving natural resources, improving the quality and safety of agri-food products, and improving the quality of life of the rural population. The solution to these problems is inextricably linked to voluntary, socially responsible agribusiness initiatives. The analysis carried out showed that there is a high level of agribusiness social responsibility in the management of the activities of large-scale agricultural enterprises in Ukraine, which is reflected in the voluntary non-financial reports. In small- and medium-sized agribusinesses, the perception of the need for social responsibility is limited and constrained by a lack of financial resources. The calculated indicators show a low level of social responsibility in the agricultural business of small- and medium-sized agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. The level of chemicalisation of agricultural production and ploughing of agricultural land is high. There are significant problems with the use of rural labour resources and the development of rural areas. The main problems were identified in the spectrum of irrational use of land and labour resources and the low quality of life of the population in rural areas of Ukraine. The processes of recognition of the values and benefits of socially responsible agribusiness in Ukraine are slow. As a tool for increasing the social responsibility of agribusinesses in Ukraine, a system of principles and criteria of socially responsible business is proposed for implementation in the corporate governance of Ukrainian agribusinesses.

THE ROLE OF ECONOMIC SECURITY IN ENSURING COMPETITIVE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

The subject of the research is the study of economic security as one of the factors of competitive economic development of agricultural enterprises. Methodology. The article uses general scientific methods, in particular, theoretical generalisation, methods of analysis and synthesis, statistical analysis, and graphical methods to visualise the results of the study. The aim is to analyse the role of economic security in ensuring competitive economic development of agricultural enterprises. Conclusion. A reliable system of economic security is a crucial condition for the effective functioning of any business entity in a market environment. Ukrainian agricultural enterprises face numerous problems, such as depreciation of resource potential, insufficient financial and information support, and low level of management qualifications, which limit their ability to ensure economic security on their own. Identification, avoidance and neutralisation of various threats that can destabilise the functioning of an enterprise and threaten its economic interests are becoming the main tasks for every business entity. The development of an effective system of economic security and the introduction of mechanisms and tools for its management require a systematic study of both theoretical and applied aspects of the management of economic security of agricultural enterprises. The place of economic security in the competitive economic development of agricultural enterprises is decisive for the creation of sustainable and prosperous activities in the conditions of market competition. It becomes a fundamental element of competitiveness, which is the ability of enterprises to operate and develop effectively in an uncertain market environment. The main aspects of the role of economic security in the competitive economic development of agricultural enterprises include protection from external and internal risks, reputation management, support for innovation and technological development, financial stability, participation in market competition and sustainability of production. These aspects are generalised into a single practical system of economic security, which is the basis for the competitive economic development of agricultural enterprises.

Financial performance determinants of Ukrainian agricultural companies in the pre-war period

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to identify the determinants of the financial performance of agricultural companies in Ukraine in the pre-war period.
 Methodology / approach. Panel data regression analysis, carried out using the GRETL software, was used as a research method. The financial statements of thirty Ukrainian agricultural companies over the defined period 2015–2021 were selected to be data for analysis. Three models were constructed in the article based on the use of three different dependent variables (Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Return on Sales) and seven independent variables (Current Ratio, Capital Intensity, Export Intensity, Leverage, Size, Dummy variable for agricultural sub-sectors, Dummy variable for location). The selection of the mentioned independent variables was logically substantiated by the structure of the financial reports of the Ukrainian agricultural companies and analytical system “You Control”.
 Results. The study of the determinants of financial performance of the agricultural companies is a widespread area of research among academicians, however, is characterized by quite controversial results. Some of these conclusions were refuted, but certain results were confirmed on the example of Ukrainian enterprises. The results of the panel regression analysis with respect to Models 1-3, partially are in contradiction with the conclusions of other studies regarding the impact of the determinants on the financial performance of agricultural companies. None of the chosen independent variables has a significant effect on all the dependent variables as investigated in the article, namely ROA, ROE, and ROS. This confirms the formulated in the study hypothesis regarding the availability of a unique set of financial performance determinants for agricultural enterprises for each individual country. The independent variables used in the study have the most significant impact on ROA. Primarily, ROA is significantly affected by CAPI (5 % level), EXPI (10 % level), and DVL (5 % level). The results obtained confirm a need for improving regional support and ensuring an access to capital for agricultural enterprises in Ukraine.
 Originality / scientific novelty. The originality of the conducted research lies in the study of a set of factors that influenced the financial condition of Ukrainian agrarian companies in the pre-war period, considering the peculiarities of the Ukrainian agrarian sector of the economy.
 Practical value / implications. Investors and financial institutions can benefit from the research results. By recognizing which factors have the most significant impact on financial performance, they can make more informed decisions when considering investments in Ukrainian agricultural companies. Understanding which factors influence financial performance can help in risk management for both agricultural companies and financial institutions.

Сталий розвиток аграрних підприємств в Україні

The article is devoted to the study of the state and prospects of the implementation of the con-cept of sustainable development in the activities of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. The article examines the concept of sustainable development and its components, in particular the Sustainable Development Goals and mechanisms of implementation of the concept of sustainable development in the activities of enterprises. The resource, economic, legal and social factors influencing the devel-opment of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine are determined. Recommendations have been devel-oped for the state and agricultural enterprises regarding actions to implement the concept of sus-tainable development in their activities and achieve the goals of sustainable development. The agri-cultural sector in Ukraine is relatively nascent, having commenced its comprehensive formation ap-proximately three decades ago. Presently, a majority of agricultural entities find themselves in a phase marked by the expansion of operations and the augmentation of capital assets. This circum-stance affords an opportunity wherein the entire industry may be structured in accordance with the tenets of sustainable development. Such an approach is poised not only to bolster the economic resil-ience of enterprises but also to ameliorate environmental conditions and enhance the overall welfare of the populace. Consequently, there arises a necessity to undertake an exhaustive examination aimed at discerning the contemporary status and distinctive features characterizing the evolution of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. This examination should yield recommendations, particularly for governmental entities, delineating potential measures for the integration of sustainable devel-opment principles into the operational frameworks of agricultural enterprises. Today, most agricul-tural enterprises are at the stage of expansion of activities and development of capital assets. This creates conditions when the entire industry can be built on the principles of sustainable development, which will ensure not only the economic stability of enterprises, but also improve the state of ecology and the well-being of the population. In view of this, it becomes necessary to carry out a detailed study to determine the current state and characteristics of the development of agricultural enter-prises in Ukraine, to develop recommendations, in particular for the state, regarding potential steps for introducing the concept of sustainable development into the activities of agricultural enterprises.

Liquidity of agricultural enterprises in conditions of war

The article is devoted to the generalization of methodological and practical aspects of assessing the liquidity of agrarian enterprises, including the determination of the peculiarities of the condition and ensuring the liquidity of agrarian enterprises of the Kyiv region in conditions of war. The relevance of the study of the liquidity of agricultural enterprises was determined. In 2022, Ukrainian agricultural enterprises were operating in conditions of war, risk, and uncertainty. This was accompanied by military operations on agricultural lands, destruction of agricultural machinery and real estate, disruption of supply chains of raw materials, fertilizers, and sales of agricultural products, involvement of workers in state defense, energy deficit, changes in taxation, etc. The approaches of domestic and foreign scientists regarding the essence of the concepts "liquidity of the enterprise" and "liquidity of the agricultural enterprise" are analyzed. For the purposes of this study and in accordance with generally accepted world interpretations, the authors understand the liquidity of agricultural enterprises as the ability of the enterprise to repay current (shortterm) liabilities at the expense of current assets. For the needs of this study and in accordance with generally accepted world interpretations, the authors understand the liquidity of agricultural enterprises as the ability of the enterprise to repay current liabilities (short-term liabilities) at the expense of current assets. Analytical indicators are chosen to assess the liquidity of agricultural enterprises. These are an absolute indicator (working capital) and three relative indicators (current ratio, quick ratio, cash ratio). The deterioration of the liquidity of agricultural enterprises in the conditions of war was established. On the example of agricultural enterprises of the Kyiv region, a decrease in working capital was determined for a third of the enterprises; 55 % of enterprises reduced current liquidity; 49 % of enterprises reduced quick liquidity; 40 % of enterprises reduced cash liquidity. The correlation analysis did not confirm the existence of a connection between liquidity indicators of agricultural enterprises of the Kyiv region and other indicators of financial condition. This conclusion contradicts the results of research by foreign scientists and foreign experience. Thus, the level of liquidity of agricultural enterprises depends on the internal (corporate) policy of managing current assets and current liabilities of enterprises. Key words: liquidity, cash ratio, quick ratio, current ratio, working capital, agricultural enterprises, war.

Planning the activities of agricultural enterprises and agro-industrial complex: key stages and risk management

The article discusses key aspects of planning the activities of agricultural enterprises and risk management in conditions of a state of war. The research aims to improve practical planning and management of agricultural enterprises in situations of instability and risks arising from military conflicts. The study identifies the main stages of planning the activities of agricultural enterprises, taking into account the industry’s specifics and current conditions. Criteria for evaluating the effectiveness and adaptability of agricultural enterprise activity plans are developed. The components of a negative feedback mechanism in planning agricultural enterprise activities are outlined, including monitoring, plan comparison, adjustments, and risk management. The article analyzes the main risk groups faced by agricultural enterprises during military conflicts and provides recommendations for their management. The research emphasizes the importance of systematic examination of plans, effective task coordination, responsibility distribution, the establishment of monitoring and control systems, and the negative feedback mechanism to achieve successful planning and management in conditions of war. The article outlines key directions for enhancing efficiency and risk management in times of instability and conflict. The research results will contribute to improving practical planning and management of agricultural enterprises during wartime. Agricultural enterprises in Ukraine have significant potential but also face serious challenges, including military conflicts and emergencies. The presence of appropriate strategies and collaboration with various structural units are crucial components of successful planning and management in times of uncertainty and turbulence. Active cooperation with government and international organizations is key to reducing the impact of military conflicts on the activities of agricultural enterprises.

A study of mixer-feeder equipment operational reliability

Modern livestock development trends in the agricultural production structure include the use of feed mixers and distribution equipment. However, a stream of malfunctions and failures is reported for mixer-feeders due to factors that are specific to agricultural enterprises in Ukraine, which reduce the operational reliability of feed mixers and distributors. The study aims to evaluate the quantitative indicators of the in-service reliability of mixer-feeders and develop methods to improve them. The reliability test plan [NMT] was used, which implies a certain number of research objects (N), objects undergoing repair in case of performance loss (M), and tests terminated when the operating time (T) is reached. Initial information was collected and processed, and empirical data on the time between failures of KUHN PROFILE 12.2 DS and PROFILE 14.2 DS mixer-feeders in Ukraine were analysed. The analysis established that the faulty condition of mixers-feeders in the initial operation period is caused by the second complexity group failures. Failures related to the loss of the grinding and mixing mechanism, which limits the average time between failures of the feed mixture and distribution equipment, were identified among the second complexity malfunction group. A statistical analysis of the mixer-feeder failure occurrence was carried out. The failure probability of the grinding-mixing mechanism of the feed mixer was determined to be within the normal distribution law. The main parameters of the given theoretical distribution law were determined by calculation results. The calculations determined that the average time between failures is 3152.0 motor-hours; the standard deviation is 902.6 motor-hours; and the coefficient of variation is 0.40. An average time between failures of the study objects was proved to be consistent with the normal distribution law following Kolmogorov’s agreement criterion. Calculations determined that the average reliability index value, according to the normal distribution law, is within the confidence intervals: 1964.2 motor-hours – lower confidence limit; 4339.8 motor-hours – upper confidence limit. The obtained results may be used to improve the mixer-feeder operational reliability

Problem aspects of accounting and taxation of grain exports in Ukraine

The article examines the problems and features of accounting and taxation of grain exports in today's conditions. As a result of the invasion of Russia, Ukrainian agricultural enterprises have recently suffered significant losses. The occupiers are deliberately destroying the Ukrainian agricultural complex in order to deprive them of one of the main sources of income - the sale of agricultural products by commodity producers, as the main suppliers of food. However, in the conditions of an undeclared war between Russia and Ukraine, the European Union is trying to support the agrarian business of Ukraine and has allowed, according to the EU memorandum, to suspend customs duties and quotas of Ukrainian grain to EU countries until June 2024. Ukraine exports agricultural products through the land border with EU countries, as export by sea is currently difficult due to the invasion of Russia. Therefore, in order to preserve the grown and surviving crops, domestic producers have intensified grain export operations, and currently the issues of accounting and taxation of these operations are relevant. The implementation of foreign economic operations by business entities requires their registration with the customs authorities. When carrying out foreign economic activities, it is mandatory to conclude a foreign exchange contract, and agricultural producers must take into account many nuances in order to comply with the main legislative and customs requirements. Some foreign exchange contracts, in particular those relating to agricultural products, are subject to state registration. In particular, in order to verify and approve the export of agricultural products to the Slovak Republic, the Republic of Bulgaria, Romania, Poland and Hungary, it is necessary to obtain licenses for the export of legally defined types of agricultural products from 2023. As a rule, all calculations for foreign economic operations are carried out in foreign currency, which for the purpose of accounting and taxation must be converted into national currency at the rate of the National Bank of Ukraine. Operations for the export of goods outside the customs territory of Ukraine are subject to Value-Added Tax (VAT), in this regard, the exporter forms a tax invoice at the official hryvnias exchange rate set by the NBU for the previous working day. The exporter - the VAT payer is obliged to compile and register it in the Unified register of tax invoices (hereinafter referred to as the Tax Invoice Register) within the time limits specified in the Tax Code. The article summarizes the procedure for the export of agricultural products, considers the specifics of taxation of these operations, and identifies problematic and debatable issues regarding the implementation of these operations

Diversification as a strategy for ensuring security of business subjects in the agricultural sector

Agricultural business is one of the riskiest types of economic activity. In addition to the set of traditional risks, there are threats in agriculture caused by the specifics of agrarian entrepreneurship, which require the search for appropriate strategies and tools for neutralization. Diversification of economic activities of agricultural producers appears as one of these tools. The article examines vital risks that threaten the safe development of agrarian business entities. The main trends in the activity of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises during the last ten years and directly impacted the diversification processes of their economic activity were determined. Price (market) risks were identified as the determining risks of activating diversification processes. Existing processes and trends significantly influenced the formation of the philosophy and main principles of agrarian business, of which the commercial interests of the owners of agricultural structures became the priority. The article assesses the dynamics of the diversification level of agricultural enterprises' economic activity. It was revealed that over the past twenty years, the balance of the development of industries and their share in the structure of agricultural production has been disturbed. The specific weight of agribusiness structures' agricultural services and other non-agricultural activities remained practically unchanged. An analysis of the diversification structure of the plant and animal husbandry industries was carried out. The results showed the presence of problematic structural shifts, which are a consequence of the unjustified deepening of specialization of agricultural enterprises. It was revealed that the curtailment of diversification processes led to the disruption of the intra-industry structure and the emergence of threats to the disappearance of specific sub-sectors of domestic agriculture. Despite this, the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy has demonstrated a relatively high level of sustainability and efficiency. It was determined that diversification is an element of strategic agricultural management, which has a significant potential for reducing the level of riskiness of agrarian business and forming prerequisites for achieving the goals of sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas. Keywords: agricultural enterprises, business, diversification, risks, security, agricultural management.

Formation of a marketing management system in agricultural enterprises

The role of marketing management in the agricultural sector amidst the rapid advancements in technology, changing consumer demands, global competition, and societal shifts are investigated in the article. Despite the growing acceptance of marketing techniques, there is a need for comprehensive utilization in Ukrainian agricultural enterprises. The research builds on contributions from various aims to analyze the theoretical foundations and methodological aspects of marketing management, investigating its impact on the effective functioning of agricultural enterprises. The need for a clear understanding of marketing management, its goals, principles, functions, and stages for successful implementation are emphasized. It asserts that marketing management goes beyond general enterprise management, involving the management of all functions and divisions based on marketing principles, placing the consumer at the core. Furthermore, the article introduces the fundamental principles of organizing marketing management in agricultural enterprises, emphasizing a scientific approach, social and ethical orientation, legality, competence, and commercial effectiveness. It discusses diverse views on the main tasks of marketing management, categorizing them into commercial effectiveness and social impact and acknowledging the uniqueness of each enterprise in forming its specific set of tasks. The research recognizes the complexity of implementing marketing management and outlines measures for its successful adoption, including administrative-legal, organizational, and scientific-methodical approaches. The organizational measures involve structural changes and preparation stages, such as strategy development, market research, promotion, sales, logistics, legal issues, and administrative sales support. It was noticed that a systematic approach to marketing management in agricultural enterprises is necessary, emphasizing its strategic importance for ensuring stability and competitiveness in the conditions of constant changes in the external environment and market dynamics. Keywords: marketing, agricultural enterprise, marketing management, marketing management system, principles of marketing management, tasks of marketing management.

Directions of improving the corporate management of agricultural enterprises based on sustainable development

The article is devoted to substantiating the importance of sustainable development for corporate management of agricultural enterprises. It is shown that the principles of sustainable development of the agricultural sector are essential for modern agricultural holdings and the state. The peculiarities of implementing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) components into the corporate strategies of agricultural enterprises are revealed. It is shown that ESG investments contribute to the growth of long-term investment attractiveness and market capitalization. Research on investment decisions based on environmental, social, and governance criteria is revealed. The paper shows that companies with high ESG ratings and low ESG risks attract more investment. Based on a critical analysis of scientific sources, it has been proven that socially responsible companies have higher growth rates in the share price on the stock exchanges and market value. ESG investments in corporations create additional value and increase the value of intangible assets, particularly business reputation, brand, and human capital. The role of reputation management, corporate image, and business reputation in the growth of the market capitalization of a corporate agricultural enterprise is revealed. It is shown that high requirements for non-financial reporting and disclosure of activities in ESG areas require issuers to form an open and transparent system of communications with investors and stakeholders and to constantly work on reputation compliance with the principles and ethics of corporate governance. It was outlined that Ukrainian agricultural enterprises should integrate the principles of sustainable development into their corporate strategies, work on improving corporate governance, and implement successful reputation management experience for stable growth of market capitalization and business. Public agricultural enterprises must implement ESG principles in the corporate governance system, join global initiatives and sustainable development ratings, report on the results of activities according to international standards, and maintain an appropriate level of media activity and communications with key stakeholders. Keywords: sustainable development, corporate governance, agricultural sector, corporate agricultural enterprises, ESG principles.

Prospective analysis of the implementation of the “green” economy in the agricultural sector of Ukraine for the next 10 years

The realities of modern economic development require significant changes in the existing economic system and a transition to a fundamentally new model based on the basic approaches of sustainable development. According to the world’s scientists, one of the best options for ensuring this change is the concept of a “green” economy. The relevance of the topic of green economy development is based on its potential to solve urgent environmental problems and promote sustainable development that meets the needs of society and the international community. The purpose of the article is to assess the prospects of the agricultural sector of Ukraine’s economy within the framework of the transformation strategy based on the principles of the green economy. This takes into account a whole range of factors in which agricultural enterprises exist and develop, as well as the conditions that have developed in connection with military aggression in the country. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: system-structural analysis, method of analysis, synthesis, method of generalization, methods of deduction and induction, and methodology of modified, improved SWOT analysis. A number of factors influencing the investment and innovation processes at agricultural enterprises are identified, including external threats and opportunities and internal strengths and weaknesses. The study also summarizes the aspects of the transition from the concepts of “sustainable” development to the concept of “greening” the economy, taking into account international experience, and the inclusion of Ukraine in the list of countries that ensure the fight against climate change and harmful emissions. The conclusions obtained about the prospects of investment projects in the agricultural sector, namely investment and innovation projects of agricultural enterprises characterized by a high level of attractiveness for investors in terms of the directional vector of development, confirm the relevance of implementing the concept of a green economy in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. The use of such an assessment methodology in practice will make it possible to select and analyse promising areas of project financing and investment, as well as to adjust the development strategies of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises