Aggressive Manifestations Research Articles

ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ РИСКИ ПОДРОСТКОВ, ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПОВЫШЕННОЙ УЧЕБНОЙ НАГРУЗКИ

Background. Y is study examines risk factors for the mental health of a student in the condition of increased academic load. Introduction of new technologies and multilingualism in educational technologies inZ uence emotional life of an adolescent. Y e overall excellent performance of a pupil may hide risks of adaptation disruption.Objective is to discover anxiety and aggressiveness manifestations among adolescents studying under high academic load. Methods. Analysis of the psychological characteristics of adolescents at risk for maladaptive perfectionism was carried out with quantitative and qualitative research methods. Applied techniques and methods involved the method by Prikhozhan to study the Self-Image of teens in the age group of 12–17 years; Buss — Perry Aggression Questionnaire as adapted by S.N. Yenikolopov; APS-R Perfectionism Scale as adapted by S.N. Yenikolopov; incomplete sentences; the Hand Test; pathopsychological test; extended clinical conversation; Torrance X gurative subtests; Sociometry. Sample. Y e study involved 245 students of the 8th grade of four schools. Two schools o[ ered in-depth study of 2 foreign languages and the othersecondary schools did not. Results. According to the research, the markers of maladaptive behavior of a successful pupil are trait anxiety, maladaptive perfectionism, hostility, and anger. About 20% of the participants fall into the risk group for anxiety. Objectively, their performance is high, though teenagers have doubts about their success, demonstrate tendency for delaying, inability to start doing something. In this case the anxiety is caused by fear of failing to meet self-imposed high standards. Failure to comply with your requirements and рrocrastination is higher in schools with advanced studies of two foreign languages. Self-esteem anxiety is related to the components of Self-Image: intelligence, situation at school, communication, self-conX dence. Non-conformity to self-imposed standards and procrastination are related to anger. Conclusion. In two schools, the number of highly anxious teenagers ranges from 12 % to 20 %. In the gymnasium, only highly anxious teenagers were found. Anxiety correlates with various indicators of aggressiveness. Slaney’s procrastination/anxiety scores are positively correlated with adolescent anger and hostility. Indicators of maladaptive perfectionism according to Slaney are associated with the components of the Self-Concept. Objectively, the success of the students is good, but teenagers doubt their success, they show a tendency to procrastinate, an inability to take action. In this case, the anxiety is caused by the fear of not meeting the high standards set for oneself. Y e markers of the maladaptive state of a highly anxious student are maladaptive perfectionism, hostility, and anger. According to the results of qualitative research methods, destructive personality tendencies can be observed in highly anxious adolescents. Y e manifestations of anxiety and aggressiveness of the surveyed adolescents are similar in all schools. Failure to comply with your requirements and рrocrastination is higher in schools with advanced studies of two foreign languages.

Модель профилактики буллинга среди младших школьников в воспитательной среде общеобразовательной организации

Importance. The weakening of the educational and socializing potential of the family and school, the violation of social control mechanisms in society, the influence of uncontrolled information flows lead to a decrease in the spiritual and moral orientations of the younger generation and the manifestation of immorality, permissiveness, violence and aggression. All this contributes to the growth of the number of children at risk and the emergence of such a phenomenon as “bullying”. The purpose of the research is to develop a process model of bullying prevention among younger schoolchildren in the educational environment of a general education organization, which will help to neutralize the emerging negative consequences manifested in severe psychological trauma and disharmony of the holistic development of younger schoolchildren. Research methods. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, approaches and concepts on the problem of bullying prevention among primary school children, the study of fundamental legal documents in the field of education and social sphere, as well as modeling, the factors of bullying among schoolchildren are identified and their characteristics are given; a model of bullying prevention among primary school children and pedagogical conditions for its implementation are revealed. Results and Discussion. A process model of bullying prevention among younger schoolchildren is constructed and the stages of its implementation in the educational environment of a general education organization are substantiated. Conclusion. Prevention of bullying among primary school children should be based on the developed model and a set of measures to prevent the occurrence of violence in the school community from the perspective of purposeful organization of constructive interpersonal relationships and productive implementation of joint activities of students in the educational environment of a general education organization.

ВПЛИВ ТРАВМ НА ПСИХІКУ І ЖИТТЯ ЛЮДИНИ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ЗДОРОВОЇ ВРІВНОВАЖЕНОЇ ОСОБИСТОСТІ ЗА МЕТОДОМ МЕРИЛІН МЮРРЕЙ

Background. The article reveals the topical issues of the impact of adverse experiences on the human psyche (psychological trauma, all types of violence, emotional deprivation). Emphasis is placed on the tendencies towards abuse of psychoactive substances, various types of addictions, destructive and auto-aggressive behavior, and maladaptations. It is noted about the effectiveness of using the Murray Method in overcoming the consequences of all types of psychological injuries of any severity, which covers almost all aspects of working with a person: from his inner experiences to interaction with other people. The program of rehabilitation of persons according to the Murray method reveals the process of trauma, violence, contempt, as well as the protective mechanisms of a person on the distortion of a person's mental perception and emotional response, which affects the health and behavior of a person. The result of the application of the rehabilitation program based on the Murray method is "the development of a healthy balanced personality" through the conscious and complete explanation of the consequences of the pain experienced in childhood, and the acquisition of knowledge and the development of skills for healthy behavior patterns in the present and future. Methods. Theoretical and methodological analysis of primary sources. Results. According to the Murray method, five groups of dysfunctions are distinguished for a person who was forced to experience trauma and did not process it: addictions, codependency, the state of the victim, manifestations of narcissistic traits, active and passive aggression. It is they who are an obstacle on the way to a full-fledged life of persons affected by injuries, and the subject of work in the rehabilitation program. Marilyn Murray's psychotherapeutic method is aimed at the formation of a healthy, balanced personality by overcoming psychological trauma, violence and deprivation. One of the basic concepts of M. Murray's concept is the "Original feeling child", which has talents and gifts, intelligence, creative abilities, healthy sexuality, spirituality, it is characteristic for her to harmoniously feel and express all feelings. Under the influence of adverse external factors, such as contempt, illness, injury, insult, etc., the essential integrity of the " Original feeling child " is destroyed – the "Sobbing hurting child" appears. The painful experiences that the "Original feeling child" felt during the trauma created her "Pool of Pain", where helplessness, fear, loneliness, sadness, anger, resentment, etc. accumulate – precisely such feelings that a person is not trained to express during trauma. A "Controlling Child" is added to protect the "Sobbing hurting child". A person becomes dependent on what helps them to avoid experiencing pain (drugs, food, alcohol, gambling, nicotine, sex, caffeine, work, constant employment, codependency, etc.). A harmonious combination of the strengths of the "Original feeling child", "Sobbing hurting child", and "Controlling Child" is a "Healthy balanced person". Сonclusions. M. Murray's therapeutic approach is based on sufficiently strong immersion in the "Pool of Pain" and its "devastation" in an atmosphere of support and love, reducing the role of the protective mechanism as a result of working with images, manifesting, talking about painful emotions, analyzing traumatic experiences, as well as searching and formation of personal talents, formation of a healthy, balanced personality, able to sympathize, show empathy, protect oneself without harming others, enjoy life.

The influence of the media on the formation of aggressive and extremist inclinations among young people

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the media on the formation of aggressive and extremist forms of behavior among young people, as well as their role in the social and psychological prevention of these manifestations. To achieve the goal of the study, an experiment was carried out in which 112 youths living in the territory of the Chechen Republic took part. As a result of the study, it was shown that the choice of a source of information can, to a certain extent, influence the formation of individual propensities for aggressive behavior and dispositions of violent extremism in young people. Also, the results obtained allow us to conclude that modern media can play a key role in the implementation of state policy aimed primarily at preventing violent, aggressive, and extremist manifestations in the youth environment.

Передумови легітимного вияву агресії в професійній діяльності поліцейських

Передумови легітимного вияву агресії в професійній діяльності поліцейських

Players’ individual characteristics affecting football team cohesion

The aim is to identify the individual characteristics affecting the development of team cohesion and, by taking them into account, to improve the team cohesion through special training sessions. Material: determined cohesion of the football team and individual characteristics of each team member, which affect the cohesion of the team. We tested a total of 38 male teenagers, who all study together at Ivan Piddubny Olympic College (Kyiv) and play football in their specialty. The boys aged 14-16 are currently the members of one team, and will become professional footballers in the future. They had sports training together. The teenagers are divided into teams, the players are constantly changed by the coach to achieve the best results and to analyze the game of the wards in different roles (defender, striker, goalkeeper, etc.). There are many significant correlations between a person’s proneness to conflicts and his subjective assessment of team cohesion. Manifestations of aggression and hostility of some players to their team colleagues negatively affects the team cohesion. It is possible to accelerate football team uniting and, as a result, to improve the team sports results through the psychological training and the team psychologist’s individual work with each player.

Agresywne zachowania językowe w sytuacji granicznej

The subject of the analysis are aggressive linguistic behaviours constituting a part of the pandemic discourse. We are interested in verbal aggression in a borderline situation, for which we consider the COVID-19 disease as the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The research material comes from the discussion forums of the Czech internet portal Novinky.cz. It was collected in the period from July 2021 to August 2022. The researched comments are an example of so-called written conversation, because they reflect the nature of spontaneous communication, the texts are unprepared, created with the usage of the language of everyday communication (běžná mluva), colloquialisms, slangisms, the obecná čeština, with a clear presence of expressive vocabulary. The article discusses manifestations of verbal aggression in a lexical-pragmatic perspective, while verbal aggression is understood as any deliberate linguistic behavior that causes harm to another person, inflicts psychological discomfort, presents them in a bad light, depreciates, mocks or ridicules them. The analysis focuses on such aggressive linguistic behaviour as threats, curses, insults, ridicule, accusations.

REJECTION OF CARE AND AGGRESSION AMONG OLDER VETERANS WITH DEMENTIA WITH AND WITHOUT POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

Abstract Veterans with co-occurring dementia and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) living in residential long-term care encounter a range of physical and social stimuli, which may trigger trauma-related distress that can be exacerbated and manifested with care rejection and aggression. Yet, it is largely unknown how PTSD influences manifestation of care rejection and aggression in older veterans with dementia. Guided by the need-driven dementia-compromised model, this study examined the moderation effect of PTSD on pathways from background factors, and interpersonal triggers to care rejection and aggression among veterans with dementia with and without co-occurring PTSD. In this secondary analysis study, a multi-group structural equation modeling was conducted using program evaluation data of 315 veterans with dementia from the STAR-VA behavioral intervention implemented in 76 Veterans Health Administration-operated nursing homes. Although no moderation effect of PTSD on the overall model was found, findings revealed distinct patterns of relationships among background factors, interpersonal triggers, and care rejection and aggression between veterans with dementia with and without PTSD. The magnitude of the direct effects of interpersonal triggers on care rejection was greater in veterans with PTSD. Findings on the indirect effect of depression via interpersonal triggers on care rejection and direct effect of functional status on aggression only in veterans with PTSD implies that different mechanisms may underlie distressed behavior depending upon whether or not a veteran has PTSD. This study also underscores the importance of an enhanced focus on trauma-informed care, and individualized multi-component symptom management approach for veterans with dementia and PTSD.

Some Directions of Use of International Experience by Law Enforcement Bodies of the Mia System of Ukraine

Problem setting. Today, Ukraine is in a state of war. Active hostilities continue in some regions. Law enforcement agencies subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs occupy one of the decisive positions in countering the aggressive manifestations of the Russian Federation. Law enforcement structures have a double burden, namely: performing tasks related to repelling an armed attack of the Russian Federation, as well as ensuring the inviolability of state borders, maintaining a proper state of public order and security, and detecting manifestations of collaborationism in controlled territories. Under the conditions of the legal regime of martial law on the territory of Ukraine, law enforcement agencies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine effectively perform tasks in all areas of official activity. We are talking about the maximum use of all opportunities and developments, including the use of the experience of law enforcement agencies of partner countries. In view of this, there is an urgent need to implement the positive experience of the law enforcement agencies of the USA and European countries. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Questions regarding the use of the experience of the police of Europe, the United States, and Japan in the field of security and public order protection at the national, regional, and local levels were investigated by domestic and foreign scientists, namely: O.M. Bandurka, O.I. Bezpalova, O.V. Jafarova, A.M. Dovgopolov, V.O. Zarosylo, N.V. Kaminska, V.L. Kostyuk, S.P. Melnyk, O.S. Pronevich, Yu.I. Rymarenko, V.O. Sichkar, E. Thompson, V.L. Filstein, O.S. Yunin, O.N. Yarmysh In these publications of scientists, the need to take into account the experience of the law enforcement system of foreign countries when introducing new forms and methods of work of law enforcement bodies of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine is substantiated. Target of the research is to investigate and analyze the actions of the National Police, as well as other law enforcement agencies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, which are aimed at using international experience in the process of increasing the efficiency of the work of these state institutions. Study the experience of law enforcement agencies of EU countries and other foreign countries regarding measures aimed at ensuring the proper state of public safety and public order protection. Article’s main body. The article analyzes proposals for improving the effectiveness of the National Police, as well as other law enforcement agencies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, using the international experience of law enforcement structures in Europe and the United States. Including the interaction of the police with local bodies of executive power, local self-government, public organizations and the population. Conclusions and prospects for the development. We can note that the effective functioning of the law enforcement system of independent Ukraine requires the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to implement the positive experience of the law enforcement agencies of the USA and European countries. as an example of such experience, in particular in the field of protection of human rights and freedoms, combating crime, protection of public order and security, in conditions of martial law, in our opinion, it is necessary, in particular, to develop proposals at the legislative level that provide for stricter responsibility of the participants and, in the first place in turn, the organizers of mass events for violating the order of their holding provided by law, including criminal liability (examples of EU countries).

The Experience of Peer Aggression as a Heterogeneous Phenomenon: A Latent Class Analysis

Peer aggression, when escalated and regular, has negative consequences for proper psychosocial development. The main aim of this study was to identify classes among middle school students according to similarity in terms of experiencing particular forms and manifestations of peer aggression. Data were collected using a proprietary questionnaire, from which 10 questions forming indicators of experienced aggression (five forms, two manifestations each) were used for analysis. A total of 1.050 middle school students (525 boys and girls each) aged 13 and 14 participated in the study. The students most often experienced verbal and relational aggression, and least often sexual aggression. Boys were more likely to report experiencing physical and verbal aggression (being insulted), while girls reported being the target of gossip and cyber aggression (offensive comments). Using Latent Class Analysis, we analyzed a model with six classes as follows: Low all, High verbal and relational, High physical and verbal, High all without sexual, High all and High sexual, cyber and relational. The results show that the phenomenon of peer aggression is not homogeneous and that the design of preventive measures should take into account the specificity of the experiences of its victims.

General Transdiagnostic Specifier: The case of limited prosocial emotions

Callous unemotional traits (CUT) are described as stable characteristics in children and adolescents with conduct disorders (CD), and the presence of these traits has been associated with more aggressive and persistent manifestations across life span (Frick & White, 2008). CUT denomination was modified to help reduce the stigma associated with this name, and it is now known as Limited Prosocial Emotions (LPE). LPE characteristics appear to identify an etiologically distinct group of children and adolescents with CD who are at a heightened risk for future maladjustment (Colins, Fanti, & Andershed, 2021).

Reduced vagal tone in intimate partner violence perpetrators is partly explained by anger rumination

Polyvagal theory proposed that an autonomous nervous system imbalance might be characteristic of violent individuals, especially reduced parasympathetic or vagal tone. Accordingly, some studies concluded that when intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators deal with acute stress, they tend to present a sympathetic predominance over the parasympathetic nervous system once the stress has ended. However, less is known about cognitive mechanisms that explain this phenomenon. In fact, this functioning might be explained by inner speech and/or angry thoughts (anger rumination) in reactive aggressors. Nonetheless, there is a gap in the scientific literature assessing whether this psychophysiological functioning in IPV perpetrators is explained by anger rumination. For this reason, the first aim of this study was to assess the cardiorespiratory (heart rate (HR), pre-ejection period (PEP), and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)) and electrodermal (skin conductance level (SCL)) changes, as well as the anger state, when coping with an acute laboratory stressor, comparing a group of reactive IPV perpetrators (n = 47) and a group of non-violent men (n = 36). The second aim was two-fold. After checking whether the groups differed on their anger rumination and manifestation of aggression (reactive and/or proactive) scores, we studied whether these variables explained psychophysiological and psychological responses to a laboratory task (changes and levels during the recovery period) in each group. Our results demonstrated that, compared to the control group, IPV perpetrators presented lower RSA levels (vagal tone). Even though the groups did not differ on their anger rumination or manifestation of aggression scores (except for proactive aggression), only in the IPV perpetrators, high anger rumination and reactive aggression partly explained the lower vagal tone (RSA levels) and high levels of anger state at post-task. Consequently, this study contributes to understanding the psychobiological basis for violence proneness in IPV perpetrators, making it possible to explore new therapeutic strategies.

The Clinical Characteristics and Epidemiology of Extramedullary Multiple Myeloma over the Past Two Decades

Background Extramedullary multiple myeloma (EMM) represents a rare and aggressive manifestation of multiple myeloma (MM) in which plasma cells survive outside of the bone marrow microenvironment, arising from a non-medullary site. EMM affects approximately 30% of MM patients and can be present at diagnosis or develop at any timepoint during the disease course [1,2]. Prior studies have demonstrated a higher incidence of high-risk cytogenetics in patients with EMM including gain 1q, translocation (4;14), translocation (14;16) and deletion 17p [3]. There is a paucity of data on clinical characteristics and overall epidemiology of EMM. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with EMM over the past 2 decades, and to identify epidemiologic characteristics that may impact overall prognosis. Methods A population-based retrospective cohort study of patients with EMM was conducted using the publicly available Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. In addition, 18 registries in the November 2020 submission database were also utilized (http://www.seer.cancer.gov). All patient-specific information within the databases have been de-identified, and therefore IRB approval was not needed to conduct this study. A total of 858 patients diagnosed with EMM, between 2000 and 2017, were ultimately enrolled in our study. We analyzed demographics, clinical characteristics, and overall mortality (OM) as well as cancer-specific mortality (CSM) of EMM. Variables with a p-value < 0.1 in the univariate Cox regression were incorporated into the multivariate Cox model to determine the independent prognostic factors, with a hazard ratio (HR) of greater than 1 representing adverse prognostic factors. All tests were two-sided, with a confidence interval set as 95% and p value <0.05 deemed statistically significant. All statistical tests were performed by using Software STATA 16.1. Results From a sample of 858 patients with EMM, male gender (63.25%), age range 60-79 years (51.05%) and non-Hispanic whites (66.78%) were the most represented. Central Nervous System (which includes leptomeningeal, intracranial and intraparenchymal involvement) and vertebral column was the most affected site (33.10%). Multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses only revealed higher overall mortality (OM) in age group over 80 years (HR = 9.792, 95% CI 4.403-21.774, p=0) and widowed individuals (HR = 1.609, 95% CI 1.101-2.35, p = 0.014). Multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses of cancer specific mortality (CSM) also revealed higher mortality of the same groups. Eyes, mouth, and ENT involvement had the lowest CSM in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions EMM is a relatively rare entity that presents in a minority of patients diagnosed with MM [1]. To our knowledge, there is scarcity of data on the clinical characteristics and epidemiology of patients with EMM. This study found that non-Hispanic whites were the most affected population, which contrasts with the overall epidemiology of Multiple Myeloma without extramedullary disease in which the black population is the most affected [4]. Patients were primarily in the 60-79-year age range, and the most commonly affected sites were CNS/vertebral column (33%), bones/soft tissues of the trunk (12.6%) and pelvis/sacrum (11.3%), and eyes/mouth/ears/nose/throat (11.7%). We found that age was the single most important prognostic factor, with older patients having worse outcomes (Table 2). Marital status and tumor location were also found to be independent prognostic factors, with widowed patients having higher mortality rates and patients with EMM affecting eyes/mouth/ears/nose/throat faring better than those with other sites affected (Table 2). We hope that the results of this study will enhance our overall understanding of the clinical presentation of this rare and aggressive manifestation of MM. In better understanding EMM, we hope to inspire larger prospective studies on the management of this subset of patients, which is particularly important in the era of novel agents including immunomodulatory agents, proteasome inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and, more recently, the advent of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T) and bispecific agents.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Characteristics of High Proliferating Tumor Cells in Btki-Resistant Progression to Richter Transformation and Accelerated CLL

Introduction Richter transformation (RT) and "accelerated” CLL (aCLL) were both regarded as the aggressive manifestation of CLL. The underlying mechanisms of such aggressive transformation has not been fully disclosed yet, especially transformed after novel targeted agents like BTK inhibitors. Moreover, cases reported that aCLL was observed with subsequent transformation of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and aCLL may represent an early stage of transformation. However, such clinical observations lack biological evidence to compare the similarities and differences between aCLL and RT. Methods Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of paired lymph node (LN) and peripheral blood (PB) was performed among 2 RT (P1, P2) and 2 aCLL (P3, P4) patients (pathologically diagnosed in LN) and bioinformatics analysis was conducted. Patient 1 and Patient 2 were initially treated with BTK inhibitors (P1 ibrutinib for 3 months and P2 zanubrutinib for 19 months) and then progressed to RT. Patient 3 was initially diagnosed as aCLL and Patient 4 was treated with zanubrutinib for 54 months and then progressed to aCLL. Results Identification of cell types in 4 patients showed great heterogeneity. Higher proportion of proliferative tumor with cells at either the G2/M or S phase was found in two RT patients than in two aCLL patients. Single-cell trajectory construction was done using "monocle 2” inferred tumor development and differentiation among each patient. Tumor cells from PB were distributed in the front of trajectories, indicating that the progressive LNs were evolved from PB indolent CLL cells. Moreover, among three patients progressing from BTK inhibitors (BTKi), highly proliferative tumor cells were enriched in the end of trajectories, indicating their resistant characteristics to BTKi. Single-cell GSEA (ssGSEA) analysis showed that pathways of spliceosome, MYC targets, mTORC1, epigenetics, DNA repair, glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation were significantly activated in those proliferative tumor cells enriched in the end of trajectories while remained inactivation in treatment-naïve tumor cells, comprehensively leading to resistance to BTKi treatment. Although zanubrutinib-resistant aCLL of P4 showed relatively lower proportion of highly proliferative tumor cells than RT patients, they shared common biological characters and could be regarded as the early phase of RT. InferCNV analysis was performed and UPhyloplot2 was used to construct the copy number gain and loss evolution. Notably, 6p copy number gain has lost in the end of CNV tree which was enriched in highly proliferative tumor cells of RT while such phenomenon has not been found in two aCLL patients. The involved genes in this 6p CNV region were screened and we found significant enrichment of MHC Class I and Class II genes. The expression of such MHC Class I and Class II genes were also showed gradual downregulation in thoese highly proliferative tumor cells in RT, indicating their escape from immune surveillance. Moreover, exhaustion T cells also showed significantly higher proportion in LNs of RT than LNs of aCLL, indicating the exhausted immune environment of RS. Conclusion scRNA-seq analysis showed that highly proliferative tumor cells in BTKi-resistant progression to RT and aCLL showed common cell cycle, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, spliceosome, epigenetics and MYC targeted activation. BTKi-resistant progression to aCLL could be regarded as an early phase of RT. Moreover, RT exhibited more exhausted immune microenvironment and significant downregulation of antigen presentation, indicating that combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors might be of clinical significance in RT treatment. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal

Proteomic Characterisation of the Plasma Proteome in Extramedullary Multiple Myeloma Identifies Potential Prognostic Biomarkers

Introduction: Extramedullary multiple myeloma (EMM) is an aggressive manifestation of multiple myeloma (MM) reported to occur in approximately 7% of patients at diagnosis and up to 30% of patients at relapse. EMM is characterised by the spread of malignant plasma cells from the bone marrow microenvironment to distal tissues or organs. It is associated with an adverse prognosis, correlating with a significant reduction in overall survival. Currently there are no validated, established biomarkers to predict EMM. Furthermore, EMM is often treated similarly to high-risk MM with no targeted therapeutic strategies. In-depth proteomic studies on EMM are lacking and the underlying molecular mechanisms that facilitate extramedullary transition are yet to be fully defined. Novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets are urgently required. To enhance our understanding of EMM and to identify novel prognostic biomarkers, we performed a mass spectrometry-based proteomic study on plasma from MM patients with and without extramedullary spread. Methods: Label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometric analysis of age and gender-matched medullary MM (n=8) and EMM (n=9) blood plasma samples was carried out using a Thermo Q-Exactive mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Proteome Discoverer 2.2 using Sequest HT (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and a percolator were employed for the identification of peptides and proteins. Several parameters were defined for protein identification: MS/MS mass tolerance was set to 0.02 Da; peptide mass tolerance was set to 10ppm; methionine oxidation was set as a variable modification; carbamido-methylation was set as a fixed modification; and up to two missed cleavages were tolerated. Peptide probability was set to high confidence. Data was imported into Perseus (1.6.14.0) for further analysis. Proteins with less than 70% valid values were removed from the analysis. Proteins of interest were identified based on an FDR-adjusted p-value ≤0.1, fold change >1.5 between experimental groups. Six proteins were selected for further validation using DuoSet enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (R&D Systems). We performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) analyses to determine the diagnostic potential of the validated proteins. Results: The median age was 65. Survival analysis revealed a statistically significant change in overall survival (OS) between the two patient cohorts (Log-rank = 3.977, P = 0.046). The median OS of patients with EMM and those without extramedullary spread was 19 months and 83 months, respectively. Our quantitative MS-based proteomic analysis identified 21 proteins of differential abundance between EMM and MM patient plasma (False discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted p-value < 0.1, fold change > 1.5) (Fig. 1A). Antibody-based validation using ELISAs was performed on six proteins (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA), pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF), alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), cholinesterase (BCHE), aminopeptidase N (CD13)). VCAM1, HGFA and PEDF were confirmed as being significantly altered between the two cohorts (FDR-adjusted p-value < 0.05). VCAM1, HGFA and PEDF were subject to ROC analyses, demonstrating high discriminatory power for EMM diagnosis (AUC = 0.96, AUC = 0.85, and AUC = 0.97, respectively). The diagnostic efficacy was further enhanced by combining these biomarkers using a logistic regression model (AUC = 1). Conclusion: Our mass spectrometry and antibody-based study identified proteins of differential abundance in the blood plasma of MM patients with and without extramedullary spread. VCAM1, PEDF and HGFA represent promising predictive biomarkers and warrant further investigation in a larger cohort of patients. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal

Analysis of Manifestations of Aggression in the Intervention of the Emergency Medical Service

The paper deals with the problems of the occurrence of aggression and aggressive behavior as a provoking cause of various injuries and the need to provide pre-hospital emergency care. Based on the analysis of professional literature, as well as on the basis of experience from practice, it can be stated that members of Emergency Rescue Service exit groups often encounter manifestations of aggression and aggressiveness when providing pre-hospital emergency care. The results of a retrospective observational study of the medical records of the Plzeň and Ústí regions in the Czech Republic are presented. We focused on the analysis and in-depth examination of the calls of ambulance groups to patients whose injuries were caused by aggression and aggressive behavior. This was in terms of the number of call-outs, the frequency of individual diagnoses, NASA score and urgency level, as well as the characteristics of the deployment of individual call-out groups, etc. Options for managing aggression and aggressive behavior are also presented, including an assessment of the potential risk of aggression and escalation. Attention is also paid to the issue of preparing the members of call groups to cope with this negative phenomenon, which has an increasing tendency in the conditions of providing pre-hospital emergency care. The paper deals with this issue comprehensively.

Профилактика агрессивности и враждебности сотрудников полиции при помощи технологии развития способностей к эмоционально-волевой саморегуляции

Introduction. Aggressiveness is one of the forms of manifestation of the personality deviations and is differentiated by the degree of intensity from its normal indicators to extreme ones. In the activities of police officers, aggressiveness acts as a defense mechanism, which often exceeds the limits of moderately protective reactions and reaches the level of extreme aggression, manifested as an inadequate response to the exposure of the environmental stimuli. Theoretical analysis of the phenomena of aggressiveness and hostility, as well as the peculiarities of their manifestation in the professional activities of police officers shows the propensity of employees to aggressive and hostile forms of behavior, characterized by stability and stereotypes, determined by both the emotions of fear and formed personality deformities, pathological properties of character. The need for self-control of emotional reactions and lack of competence in assessing the emotional states of others increases the risks of aggressiveness and deviant behavior of police officers and forms a type of destructive personality. For the sphere of professional activity this is a significant obstacle in ensuring its effectiveness and reliability. Prevention of aggressiveness and hostility requires the development and implementation of technology that ensures the development of negative affects regulation skills, emotional states and behavior.&#x0D; The purpose of the study was to identify the degree of intensity of various indicators of aggressiveness and hostility of police officers, as well as to analyze their changes due to the application of the technology development abilities of emotional-volitional self-regulation.&#x0D; Methodology, methods and techniques. A complex of empirical and mathematical methods was used in the analysis of changes in the aggression indicators. Empirical data were obtained with the following techniques: the scale of neuropsychic adaptation (J.N. Gurvich), the method «Types of aggressiveness» (L.G. Pochebut), the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale. Data processing was performed using a specialized software package IBM SPSS Statistics 23 and Microsoft Excel. The research used a comparative analysis of empirical data. A group of employees (n=82) with signs of neuropsychic maladaptation of a nonpathological nature was separated from the total sample of subjects (n=253) and divided into an experimental (n=41) and a control group (n=41). In the experimental group, classes were organized for the development of abilities to emotional-volitional self-regulation (forming experiment).&#x0D; Results and interpretation. A comparative analysis of the values of aggressiveness and hostility of police officers before and after the experiment showed reliable differences for 3 indicators out of 9 (33.33%): self-aggression, total aggressiveness index, and hostility. In the values of the control and experimental groups during the realization of the ascertaining experiment no reliable differences were revealed, after the experiment statistically significant differences in the indicators were found: verbal aggression, emotional aggression, self-aggression, total aggressiveness index, cynicism, aggressiveness, hostility.&#x0D; Scientific novelty of the study lies in identifying the indicators of aggression and hostility of police officers experiencing states of neuropsychic maladaptation, in clarifying the role of abilities to emotional and volitional self-regulation in the prevention of aggression and hostility, in determining the parameters of changes in the intensity of aggressive and hostile manifestations in the experiment.&#x0D; Practical Significance. The change in the indicators of aggressiveness and hostility, identified as a result of the forming experiment, indicates the effectiveness of the technology development abilities to emotional and volitional self-regulation and on this basis allows to develop author programs to manage negative emotions and implement the prevention of deviant behavior of police officers.

ПРОБЛЕМА ДЕТЕРМІНАЦІЇ ТА ПРОЯВІВ АГРЕСИВНОСТІ У ПРОФЕСІЙНІЙ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

The problem of aggressiveness during various types of personnel professional activity is very important. Most scientists devote their works to identifying a complex of various factors influencing the professional environment and changing the mental qualities of personnel, including the emergence of aggressiveness. The relevance of the aggressiveness scientific study regarding to the professional activity is due to the need to improve the professional selection system and optimize collective interaction. The purpose of the article is to analyze the causes of aggressiveness in the professional environment and to investigate the peculiarities of their manifestations in professional activity. Research results. The article is based on the analysis of modern scientific data on the aggressiveness phenomenon and the factors of occurrence and mediation of professional aggressiveness. The results of the theoretical analysis of the psychological and pedagogical literature regarding the meaningful understanding of such a social form of interaction as aggressiveness are presented in the article. The attention is paid on the aggressiveness manifestations in professional activity. Predictors of aggressive manifestations among the personnel of the penitentiary system were also considered, which could have a destructive effect directly on the personnel themselves, their colleagues, convicts, and also could provoke a negative attitude of society towards the entire penitentiary system. Conclusions. The problem of increased aggression is clearly related to the peculiarities of an individual and social levels of his/her own development. In most cases, this manifests itself in certain offensive tendencies of behavior as a way of solving problematic issues of an official and professional nature. Key words: aggression, aggressiveness, aggressive behavior, personnel of the penitentiary system, professional aggressiveness.

Cognitive basis of cyberbullying and computer addiction in adolescence

Introduction. Modern information technologies are now very important part of the development of children and adolescents. The process of child socialization is associated with the risks of colliding with manifestations of aggression on the Internet and the development of computer addiction. The article reveals the issues of the relationship of these risks with the characteristics of the cognitive development of adolescents.Materials and Methods. The empirical study was conducted to study the relationship between the cognitive characteristics of adolescents and indicators of Internet addiction, cyber aggression and cyber victimization. The sample included 105 teenagers aged 13-17. The following methods were used: “Intelligence Structure Test” (IST) by R. Amthauer, the Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices Test, Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS), the Hall’s Emotional Quotient Test, Russianlanguage analogue of the questionnaire “Cyberbullying and Online Aggression Survey” (J.W.Patchin, S.Hinduja).Results. The study revealed negative correlations between indicators of problematic Internet use and characteristics of the cognitive sphere. There are differences in the severity of key symptoms of Internet addiction in adolescents with different levels of intelligence. Indicators of emotional intelligence are negatively correlated with almost all indicators of computer addiction, cyberaggression and cybervictimism.Discussion and Conclusions. The results of the study indicate that reduced indicators of general and emotional intelligence create the basis for the formation of Internet addiction and increase the vulnerability of adolescents to manifestations of cyberbullying.

Correction of aggressive behavior in preschool children with hearing impairment

Introduction. At present, the causes and methods of manifestation of aggression in children with hearing impairment are considered as an insufficiently studied problem, and the available studies are contradictory: the unified principles, methods and techniques for diagnosing and correcting aggressive behavior in children are insufficiently developed and substantiated. Severe emotional states, including aggression, are a fairly common occurrence in older preschool children with hearing impairment, when they realize their difference from their normal hearing peers. Household methods of dealing with aggression do not always help, often exacerbate the problem. Preventive and corrective work should be based on the means available for understanding by children of preschool age. Fairy tale therapy has effective methods and techniques in correctional and developmental work with children with hearing impairment in work with manifestations of aggression.Materials and Methods. Review and critical analysis of scientific literature. Empirical research methods: study of medical records, experiment. Method of mathematical processing of research results.Results. Methods for diagnosing aggressive behavior and methods for its correction in preschool children with hearing impairment are analyzed. The initial level of manifestation of aggression in children of senior preschool age with hearing impairment was revealed. A program and methodological recommendations for the correction of aggressive behavior in senior preschool children with hearing impairment by means of fairy tale therapy in the conditions of a preschool educational organization have been developed. During the analysis of the results of the study of children in the experimental and control groups, a decrease in the indicators of the manifestation of aggressive behavior was observed, which confirms the effectiveness of the developed program.Discussion and Conclusions. The implementation of the program for the correction of aggressive behavior in children of senior preschool age with hearing impairments by means of fairy tale therapy should be carried out in the conditions of a preschool educational organization and boarding schools, when methods and techniques for preventing and correcting aggressive behavior of children based on fairy tales are included in the correctional and developmental lesson. taking into account in the process of its implementation the structure of hearing impairment, the psychological characteristics of preschool children with hearing impairment.