Aesthetic Component Research Articles

Evaluation of Orthodontic Treatment Need—An Ethnic and Gender Prospective

Introduction: Index for Orthodontic Treatment Need is a widely used index to assess the orthodontic treatment need among various populations. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare orthodontic treatment needs of Nepali among gender and ethnicity. Materials and Methods: A total of 800 children (400 males and 400 females) above 14 years of age were selected from different schools of Kathmandu using multistage sampling technique. The study sample was grouped into 2 ethnic groups: Indo-Aryan and Janajati. Two trained and calibrated examiners examined school-going children using Index for Orthodontic Treatment Need tool. Statistical comparison of the study variables by gender and ethnicity was done. Results: Dental Health Component showed 36.75% male and 34.5% female, and 39% Indo-Aryan and 29.76% Janajati had great treatment need. The Aesthetic Component (AC) showed 13.75% male and 12.25% female, and 12.5% Indo-Aryan 14.58% Janajati had great/severe need. Conclusions: Males had great/severe need of treatment for both Dental Health Component and Aesthetic Component (AC). Indo-Aryan showed higher degree of great/severe need for Dental Health Component and lesser degree of great/severe need for Aesthetic Component (AC) than Janajati.

EXPERIENCE OF SCIENTISTS-PRACTITIONERS REGARDING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AESTHETIC COMPETENCE IN TEACHING MATHEMATICAL DISCIPLINES

The formation of a creative personality is extremely necessary nowadays, in the development of which an important place belongs to aesthetic factors in education. The development of aesthetic competence requires special training and must be connected with purposeful pedagogical activity. The aim of the article is to highlight the practical achievements of teachers regarding the implementation of aesthetic competence in the process of teaching mathematical disciplines, to analyse the available approaches of teachers to solving this task, and to provide certain recommendations. The article presents practical approaches to the formation of aesthetic competence in teaching mathematics both in schools and in institutions of higher education. The need to strengthen the aesthetic component of the educational process as a method that increases interest in studying mathematics is substantiated. It is emphasized that the appropriate use of non-traditional methods of teaching mathematics, the unique combination of educational materials with aesthetic content contributes to the development of imagination, fantasy, and creative activity of a person. Non-standard methods of conducting classes by schoolteachers and teachers of higher education institutions, aimed at the development of aesthetic competence in the process of teaching mathematical disciplines, are highlighted. The close connection between mathematics and art, the aesthetic educational influence of mathematics on the cultural development of a person is demonstrated. It is emphasized that the acquisition of aesthetic competence is a continuous process of personality development that occurs throughout life. The principles of forming the aesthetic competence of students in mathematics classes are formulated.
 Keywords: competence approach; aesthetic competence; mathematics; mathematical disciplines; personality development; computer technologies; teaching experience.

COMBINATION OF THE MULTIMODAL ALGORITHM AND THE RECONSTRUCTIVE-RESTORATIVE LADDER IN THE TREATMENT OF THE WOUNDED WITH FLAMMABLE DEFECTS SOFT FABRIC

Resume. Most wounds formed as a result of a gunshot wound require staged, and in some cases, multistage reconstructive and restorative operations and rehabilitation.
 Materials and methods. During treatment at the Military Medical Center of the Republic of Poland for 6 months (from 24.02.22 to 10.09.22), reconstructive and surgical treatment of 54 wounded soldiers was carried out using the principles of reconstructive and plastic surgery. The treatment process was based on a multimodal approach - dynamic screening of gunshot wounds with soft tissue defects, which was used in the pre-, intra- and postoperative periods.
 Results and their discussion. A total of 54 wounded people were included in the study. Methods of closure that were used during the recovery process: spontaneous epithelization — 3 (5.6 %) of the injured, secondary sutures — 10 (18.5 %), PHO with the use of a split skin flap - 12 (22.2 %), sliding flaps – 12 (22.2 %), propeller flaps – 17 (31.5 %). When using full-layer flaps (sliding, propeller) in wounded patients, inflammatory complications were not observed in the postoperative period, but the phenomena of venous stasis, marginal necrosis of the distal part of the flap were noted. The average number of postoperative bed days before independent movement or self-care was 7.5 days. The aesthetic component in wounded patients with the use of flaps increased by 1.8 times compared to the RSK technique.The functional component was restored in 35 % during further observation.
 Conclusions. As the experience of the VHP in previous military conflicts has shown, primary closure of a gunshot wound is not possible, and in some cases even harmful. Therefore, in our opinion, the preparation of a gunshot defect of soft tissues, based on multimodal monitoring, can be considered as a bright addition to the reconstructive-plastic ladder. Performing reconstructive and plastic closure of gunshot wounds with propeller flaps is an actual method of restoring the damaged anatomical area, which allowed to obtain better aesthetic, as well as anatomical and functional results, in some cases - without additional wound surfaces (places for the collection of RAS).

Psychosocial Impact of Malocclusion and Self-Perceived Orthodontic Treatment Need among Young Adult Dental Patients.

To investigate the psychosocial impact of malocclusion and self-rated and clinician-rated orthodontic treatment need on young adult patients in the Western Province of Saudi Arabia. Eighteen- to 30-year-old patients (n=355) attending a tertiary dental care facility were included. Three instruments were used for data collection: (1) Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetic Questionnaire (PIDAQ), (2) aesthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN-AC), self-rated and clinician-rated, and (3) clinician-rated Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and multiple linear regression analysis. Females were significantly more impacted than males on all domains with the exception of the dental self-consciousness domain. For both the self-rated and clinician-rated IOTN and the DAI, it was found that the more severe the malocclusion, the higher the impact on all domains except for the dental self-confidence domain, which showed that patients with mild malocclusions were more affected than those with moderate and severe malocclusions. Significant associations were observed between independent variables (age, sex, self-rated IOTN, and DAI) and total PIDAQ score. Perceived psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics is directly related to severity of malocclusion (self-rated and clinician-rated) for all domains of the PIDAQ accept the DSC, and females showed higher psychosocial impact than males. Clinicians should consider the impact of malocclusion and certain demographic characteristics on the psychosocial well-being of an individual when determining the orthodontic treatment need.

Priority scientific areas in sports dances research: the analysis of the scientific resources of Web of Science Core Collection

Background and Study Aim. The increase in the popularity of sports dances recently has been confirmed. Dancing combines sports and aesthetic components. Dances are used for sports, recreational and rehabilitation purposes. The study aim is an analytical analysis of publications devoted to sports dances and the determination of priority scientific areas in this field. Material and Methods. The bibliometric database Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) is analyzed. For the primary analysis, 618 sources were selected which met the search criteria for 2018–2022. We used bibliometric methods for processing the information received in the context of sports dances for 173 sources. The VOSviewer 1.6.18 program was used: keyword analysis method and direct citation analysis with the construction of bibliometric maps, visualization of cluster density, weights – citations. Results. The constructed bibliometric maps made it possible to identify the leading thematic areas of research, current areas of research in this field. They can be divided into sports, recreational, medical and rehabilitation areas. The sports context is aimed at studying the performance of technical elements, the development of the physical qualities of athletes, the assessment of physical fitness, the dynamics of the morphofunctional state. Psychophysiological studies are aimed at analyzing balance and equilibrium. Publications of a recreational orientation study the health-improving use of dances, their impact on health. The medical and rehabilitation direction explores the features of sports injuries in dancing, injury prevention and the possibility of using dances in the complex rehabilitation. The use of the VOSviewer program, version 1.6.18, made it possible to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the problem, to determine the priority scientific directions in this area. Conclusions. The conducted bibliometric analysis of publications confirms the relevance of the problem of sports dances. A constant research interest in this problem has been determined. Research in this area has a pronounced sports and medical focus. Bibliometric analysis of publications allows identification the three following areas: sports, recreation and rehabilitation. Dancing is being explored as a sport, a form of physical activity, and a form of rehabilitation. A fairly high level of sports injuries has led to interest in the analysis of the prevalence and prevention of injuries. Its characteristic feature is the intersection of these directions. The study of athletes’ state confirmed the lack of works devoted to a comprehensive study of athletes, predicting success and skill growth. There are not enough works studying the physical state of sports dancers. There are practically no studies aimed at studying the psychophysiological state. These types of studies should be assessed as relevant.

LEXICO-SEMANTIC NEOLOGISMS IN THE CONTEMPORARY UKRAINIAN FEMALE PROSE

Introduction. The article focuses on the lexico-semantic units of the neology as a means of enriching figurative Ukrainian speech and as an important aesthetic component of the author's picture of the writer’s world.Purpose. The aim of the article is to describe and analyze the lexico-semantic innovations by using various criteria suggested by Liuko Dashvar, Dara Kornii, Lesia Romanchuk, Iren Rozdobudko.Methods. Systematization of the known directions and aspects applied while conducting the research within the descriptive method with its methods of external and internal interpretations proved it expedient to study the lexico-semantic units using the semantic-and-structural method,in particular the method of component and distributional analysis.Practical value of the results. The paper defines and describes the main varieties of lexico-semantic neologisms that function in contemporary fiction female prose. We suggest that these innovations may be classified according to the following criteria:1) the form of the linguistic unit: neolexemes (the novelty of the form is combined with the novelty of the content); transnominational neologisms (the combination of a new form of word with the expressed meaning of the already existed form); neosemems (new meaning is expressed by the form available in the language); neophrase;2) the degree of novelty (and by the way of nomination): absolute (strong) and relative as a result of borrowings;3) the functional purposes: nominative and nominative-expressive;4) the parameter of language – norm – speech: conventional (generally-accepted) and occasional (accidental).Conclusion. The conducted research shows that the role of contemporary authoresses in the development of the Ukrainian language is poly-dimensional. Thus, in particular, is the creation of neoforms with abstract-and-conceptual meaning and neosemantic units within the lexemeand its interconnectivity as well as actualization of the linguistic experience of the Ukrainian intelligentsia of the late XIXth – early XXth centuries and the connection with the cultural and written tradition of the Ukrainian language during historically ancient layers. Linguistic investigationsby Liuko Dashvar, Lesia Romanchuk, Iren Rozdobudko are aimed at discovering and developing natural, evolutionarily motivated content units of thinking. Their new discoveries are not sharply distinguished on the background of well-known words. The most vivid and most numerous lexicosemantic innovations are neosemantic units, performing the evaluative-expressive function.

Analysis of Current Tests for Assessing Dance Aesthetic Performance

Dance has artistry and expression as its primary performance goals. In contrast with sports, measuring dancers' proficiency in the art form involves a subjective aesthetic component, rather more challenging to quantify and score. Qualitative measurement tools for assessing dance aesthetic performance have been previously proposed. This systematic review aims to examine the different test protocols that assessed aesthetic performance in modern or ballet dancers at vocational or professional levels in order to discuss methodological approaches for future development and application of dance aesthetic performance tools. The investigation followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Quality of evidence was moderate and methodological limitations in protocols were found. Accounting for genre-specificity and assessing for reliability, specificity and sensibility could further develop dance aesthetic tools in future studies.

Гендерные особенности отношения к здоровью и здоровому образу жизни старших подростков

The conducted study is aimed at identifying gender characteristics of the attitude of older adolescents studying in the senior classes of general education schools to their health and a healthy lifestyle. For the study, a random sample was formed, consisting of 382 adolescents aged 16 to 18 years, of which 189 are girls and 193 are boys studying in basic (non-profile) grades 10-11. The study was carried out using two diagnostic methods aimed at identifying the tendency of adolescents to various types of addictions and determining the level of formation of their interest in their health and the need for a healthy lifestyle. As a result of the study, it was concluded that, firstly, the process of forming a healthy lifestyle in secondary schools is more of a declamatory nature than a practice-oriented one: more than a third of high school students have no interest in their health and the need for a healthy lifestyle. Secondly, many of the older adolescents aged 16-17 are already abusing alcohol, smoking, both boys and girls. Gender features are manifested only in the emotional attitude to one's own health, associated with its aesthetic component. The results of the study indicate the need to find effective ways to increase the interest of the younger generation in their health and a healthy lifestyle.

“Why Does She Have to Wear Make-up? She Looks Better Natural!” Staged Photos and Sexual Subjectivities

ABSTRACT As women’s sexy selfie-making practices have burgeoned, so too have popular and feminist discourses of concern about them. One aspect of concern is that they are inauthentic or ‘unnatural’ presentations of self − where naturalness is assumed to be an aspirational western feminine ideal. I argue that naturalness discourses are operationalised to reinforce long-standing, classed ideals of feminine sexual presentation which marginalise some self-representations and legitimise others. In the large volume of academic work on selfies and the power structures which regulate women’s bodies, little attention has been paid to the intersection of women’s sexuality with class and the aesthetic codes which function as limits for women whose sexy selfies fall outside the norms of feminine acceptability, read in class terms as respectability. This article emerges from a project which examines the aesthetic components of the sexualisation debates through the co-creation of images between a professional photographer (myself) and women who take amateur sexy selfies.

Implementing legal design approaches as a way to increase the effectiveness of anti-corruption programs

The article states that anti-corruption compliance has been a leading area in Ukraine's anti-corruption policy to regulate the activities of legal entities in terms of preventing and combating corruption. Approved by the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption, the "Typical Anti-Corruption Program of a Legal Entity" continues the practice of duplicating its provisions by legal entities without constructive study of the content and adaptation to the peculiarities of enterprise management and organization. In conclusion, there is no participation of the labor collective in the development of methods to prevent corruption, employees who are not involved in the development have less awareness of its provisions, which leads to non-compliance with anti-corruption legislation. These problems still exist and are a matter of concern because the anti-corruption program is a powerful tool, but its misuse only creates the appearance of anti-corruption activities.
 To solve this problem, it is proposed to establish requirements for an anti-corruption program that will facilitate its real action. One of the main requirements is the application of the principles of legal design. The article explains the definition of the term and its origin, basic techniques and approaches to understanding. There is also an example of the fragment of the Standard Anti-Corruption Program of a Legal Entity and the Anti-Corruption Program compiled in accordance with the principles of legal design. The successful application of legal design techniques in the activities of the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine and the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption is mentioned separately.
 According to the authors, such requirements will contribute to the formation of zero tolerance for corruption, as well as in preventing and combating corruption in Ukraine. The anti-corruption program is designed in accordance with the law and will undoubtedly succeed through the use of legal design, as it will establish important rights and responsibilities, while attracting attention to the aesthetic component, which will facilitate perception and interest in research.

The representation of pain and the metamorphosis of aesthetics from the Middle Ages to Early modern period

The article provides an aesthetic and philosophical analysis of the causes of historical changes in the image of pain in Western European culture. The concept of suffering arising in the Renaissance is considered as a significant reflection of the general transformation of sensuality. The main approaches to the phenomenon of pain in the humanities and various points of view on the possibility of its representation by artistic means are outlined. The focus of attention is on changes in the spatial and temporal orientations of culture, as well as the aesthetic metamorphoses caused by them, considered by the example of how artistic creativity revealed the theme of pain. The change of aesthetic consciousness from the Middle Ages to Modern period is analyzed using examples from medieval, Renaissance and Baroque art. The article examines the formation of the concept of personal existential suffering and its reflection in cultural artifacts. The novelty of the research is the concept of the aesthetic mechanism of the Renaissance, understood as a change of forms of sensuality that structure experience. Such transformations lead to the emergence of new artistic forms, which especially characterizes the Renaissance. The foundations of the metamorphoses of sensuality are found in the change in the image of reality, which formed the renaissance aesthetics and predetermined subsequent cultural trends. The social and theological reasons for these changes and their interpretation by humanist philosophers are considered. The research draws a connection between a new understanding of time and space, communicated both to the other world and to earthly life, and the deepening of personal affective experience and aesthetic component. It is concluded that the result of the new chronotoping was the strengthening of the immanent experience of suffering and the formation of a different way of representation.

Religious painting by Alexander Smirnov in line with the traditions of Slavic culture

The author of this article aims to reveal the features of Alexander Smirnov's religious painting in the context of the general culture of the Slavic peoples. This analysis is based on the diptych of the specified author, consisting of two samples of fine art – "Wonderful fishing" and "Blessing of loaves", whose creation history dates back to 1991-1993. The structure of the article is conditionally divided into two parts, the first of which is devoted to the analysis of the plastic language of the diptych in line with the traditions of Slavic culture. The organizational structure of the diptych is analyzed through the prism of traditional Russian symbols. The continuity of some forms of expression and their transformation in the key of religious contemporary art is considered. In the second section, from the point of view of compositional integrity, Alexander Smirnov's diptych "Wonderful Fishing" and "The Blessing of Loaves" is analyzed. The semantic and aesthetic component of this diptych is also considered through the analysis of rhythmic and compositional constructions. Comparison, analysis and synthesis are used as research methods. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the use of artistic plastic language turns out to be necessary for the master, since it allows him to conduct a dialogue with the recipient, revealing to him the full depth of the essence of the gospel tragedy. It is no coincidence that the basis of the diptych is the Christian teaching, which most fully reflects the phenomenon of human existence, echoing with modernity.

AESTHETIC AND RELIGIOUS ASPECT OF THE TEA CEREMONY AS A THEATRICAL PERFORMANCE: CONTEMPORARY INSIGHTS IN THE CLASSICAL CULTURE OF JAPAN

The purpose of the article is to analyse the thematic literature devoted to the proposed topic. Having determined the state of its research, the authors have to make a scientific and structural analysis of the phenomenon of ritual and theatrical performance of tea drinking as an aesthetic component of Japanese classical culture and fill in the existing fact gaps in the research of the spiritual culture of Japan. The research methodology is based on the principle of historical reliability and comprehensiveness, an art studies and cultural approach and a set of research methods. In particular, the descriptive and cultural-historical method focuses on the formation and development of the ancient ritual-canonised action of tea drinking, and logical-analytical, problem-chronological and practical research methods are to create a scientific framework of this phenomenon as an integral socio-cultural phenomenon of Japanese society. The scientific novelty of the results is based on the introduction into scientific circulation of a detailed history of the tea ceremony in Japan as a component of its classical culture and the identification of its specific features obtained under scientific research. Taking into account a retrospective review of this phenomenon of traditional national culture, the authors have tried to analyse the process of centuries-old preservation of ancient traditions and their cultivation in the spiritual sphere of modern Japanese society comprehensively. The very aspect is a vivid example of our centuriesold national culture. Conclusions. Japan’s cultural uniqueness is that not a single sprout of ancient national art that sprouted on this soil dies but continues to live forever, bringing up unique simplicity and naturalness in people, and therefore is carefully passed on to future generations. In Japan, the ancient and contemporary coexist peacefully, not interfering with each other, but only feeding the common cultural soil with their juices. As we were able to see, this miracle of Japanese civilisation is fully reflected in such a phenomenon of national culture as the traditional tea ceremony.

Formation of the Social Identity of the Youth of the Region: The Potential of Aesthetic Information

Introduction. An urgent interdisciplinary problem is the identification of factors that determine the processes of constructing social identity, which is the socio-cultural foundation of the existence of any community. The aim of the work is to identify the actual role and potential of artistic and aesthetic components of social space in the process of forming the regional identity of the youth. Materials and Methods. The empirical basis of the study was the data of a questionnaire survey of the youth of Moscow and the Moscow region, Penza and Saratov regions (n = 1000) and interviews with representatives of the student youth of Saratov and Penza (n = 30), devoted to the analysis of the identification hierarchy of the youth and the influence of aesthetic components of the social space of the region on the formation of its regional identity. These methods revealed the important role of artistic and aesthetic components of the regional social space in the construction of regional identity and regional patriotism of the youth of the region. Results. Based on the results of the research, a conclusion has been made about the connection between “local” patriotism and specific social attitudes focused on the development of the territorial community and the improvement of its image, as well as about the partial determinism of the regional components of the respondents’ social identity by figurative and aesthetic factors. It is shown that at the theoretical level, taking into account the aesthetic factors of the construction of social identity implies a transition from deterministic models of interaction in the system “social environment – emerging personality” to stochastic ones. Discussion and Conclusion. The authors point out when modeling the process of forming the social identity of young people, theoretical models based on the concepts of social constructivism should take into account the unique, intimate-personal interactions of a particular individual with separate socio-cultural phenomena symbolizing collective identity. The results of the study can be used by all agents of socialization in the practice of applying aesthetic components of regional social space in the process of forming regional patriotism.

Epidemiology of Facial Profiles, Occlusal Features, and Orthodontic Treatment Need among Adolescence: A Cross-sectional Study

This study aimed to investigate the incidence and severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among randomly selected high school students. A multistage stratified random-sampling study was conducted on 1,036 high school students in Sana'a city. The World Dental Federation and World Health Organization method of occlusal traits and the index of orthodontic treatment need were adopted for measurements. Clinically, the molar relationship and facial profile were examined. Assessment of whether examiner or subject perceived the need for orthodontic treatment was made using the esthetic component index. All data were analyzed using the Chi-square test with a significance level of p <0.05. Normal, convex, and concave facial-profile measurements were found in 81.9, 12.1, and 6.15% of sampled students, respectively. Asymmetrical molar relationship was observed in 16.1% of samples, and most of them were of class I/class II relationships. Increased overjet was noticed in 90.9% of students. Anterior crossbite, deepbite, anterior openbite, posterior openbite, posterior crossbite, and scissor bite accounted for 12.2, 12.8, 3.5, 1.3, 6.6, and 0.6%, respectively. According to the index orthodontic treatment need, 38.9% of students needed some form of orthodontic treatment. Among these cases, 24.3% "definitely" needed treatment, and 59.9% of students needed orthodontic treatment. Our findings suggested a call for a more conservative treatment approach in dealing with malocclusion problems among high school students in all zones of Sana'a governorate, Yemen. A limited number of surveys were performed in Sana'a Governorate to investigate orthodontic treatment needs, facial profiles, and occlusal features among adolescents. The results of this study could guide us to develop a preventive system that minimizes its adverse effects and the need for costly orthodontic treatments.

Techno-design and Aesthetics of Power Lines

The aesthetic aspects of industrial designing are considered. The history and typology of the high-voltage power line kinds are given. The definitions of the design of power line supports and its manifestations in art and mass culture are analyzed. The first and second order design aesthetic component is developed. The power line design cultural aspects have not been fully understood as yet. The power line design also has an influence on socio-cultural life, thereby manifesting itself in the occurrence of new forms of subcultures. Modern power line decorations are a prospect for the development of the suburban landscape and serve as an important element in the image-market formation of energy operators.

Malocclusion complexity and orthodontic treatment need in children with autism spectrum disorder

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the malocclusion complexity and orthodontic treatment need among children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) referred for orthodontic treatment by quantifying the Discrepancy Index (DI) and Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN).Materials and methodsDental records of 48 ASD and 49 non-ASD consecutive patients aged between 9 and 18 years (median age 13.0 years) referred for orthodontic treatment were reviewed and compared. The Discrepancy Index (DI) was quantified to determine the malocclusion complexity, and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), including the Dental Health Component (IOTN-DHC) and Aesthetic Component (IOTN-AC), was quantified to determine the orthodontic treatment need. Statistical analysis included descriptive analysis, Pearson chi-square tests, Fisher’s exact test, Mann–Whitney U tests, and several univariate and multivariate regression analyses. The statistical analysis used descriptive analysis, Pearson chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe results show that both malocclusion complexity (DI, p = 0.0010) and orthodontic treatment need (IOTN-DHC, p = 0.0025; IOTN-AC p = 0.0009) were significantly higher in children with ASD. Furthermore, children with ASD had a higher prevalence of increased overjet (p = .0016) and overbite (p = .031).ConclusionsMalocclusion complexity and orthodontic treatment need are statistically significantly higher among children with ASD than children without ASD, independent of age and sex.Clinical relevanceChildren with autism may benefit from visits to a dental specialist (orthodontist) to prevent, to some extent, developing malocclusions from an early age.

COMPARISON OF CEMENT AND SCREW FIXATION OF ORTHOPEDIC STRUCTURES

In dental prosthetics, every detail is important, because at this stage, not the aesthetic component is put in the first place, but the issue of engraftment of the implant. This will affect the further quality of life and the condition of the patient’s oral cavity. Therefore, in professional circles there are still discussions about which method of fixing the prosthesis is better - cementing or screw fixation, especially since both of them are widely used in dental surgery. This article will discuss the disadvantages and advantages of these methods.&#x0D; The connection of the implant, abutment and crown can be performed in two ways: fixation on cement - an abutment is fixed on the installed implant with a screw, on which the crown and dental cement are fixed. Screw fixation - the crown is connected to the abutment in advance, in the laboratory, then the finished structure is attached to the implant. For connection, a screw is used, which is inserted into a vertical hole penetrating the crown and abutment. After installing and fixing the crown, a hole remains on the chewing surface (the so-called screw shaft) - it is covered with a composite material.&#x0D; Of course, the screw design is mainly preferable due to the absence of excess cement. Excess cement is a good basis for biofilm formation. The larger the area of ​​the cement joint, the more bacteria appear. But the doctor is not able to use screw fixation in such situations: inconvenient entry into the implant shaft and there is no straight-line entry of the structure.&#x0D; Screw fixation has other advantages and disadvantages. The following advantages are distinguished: the crown can be easily removed; construction details fit exactly; there is no danger of cement getting into soft tissues; less work in the clinic and laboratory.&#x0D; So, when installing a denture, the orthopedist has two options for connecting the main parts of the structure (implant, abutment and crown) - cementing and screw fixation. In the first case, an abutment is fixed on the implant, and a cement-fixed crown is placed on top. During fixation, the screw crown is connected to the abutment in advance, and then the finished structure is attached to the implant itself. The method gets its name from a screw that is inserted into the crown and abutment and leaves a small hole in the crown. This "screw shaft" used to be a serious aesthetic problem, but now it is easily masked by the composite material.

Prevalence of orthodontic treatment entails utilizing index of orthodontic treatment need among school children in Belgaum city

Background: Appraisal of distribution of malocclusion in childhood can facilitate efforts to prevent such a disorder and its consequences. This study was undertaken to assess the need for orthodontic treatment among 12–15-year-old school children of Belgaum city. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 250 students randomly selected were examined. The examinations were carried out using the dental health (DHC) and aesthetic components (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) to measure the need for orthodontic treatment. Results: Study showed that among 250 children examined 134 (53.6%) males and 116 (46.4%) female’s participants in the study. Orthodontic treatment need was discovered to be greater among males than females. Frequency of grade 5 treatment need was 11.9% and 7.8% among males and females respectively. Age wise distribution showed highest orthodontic treatment need among 12 years old children, however, maximum subjects (38.2%) had slight need. In spite of high frequency of definite need (22.2%) among 15 years old children, the overall need for treatment was lowest. Illustrated Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) results (%) considering the Aesthetic Component (AC) and Dental Health Component (DHC) together. There were 24.8% subjects with definite need of treatment.

Keeping track: An intra-UK comparison of orthodontic commissioning and treatment outcome assessments.

Across the United Kingdom (UK), National Health Service (NHS) orthodontic treatment is commissioned differently across the devolved nations. There is a relative paucity in the literature describing the way in which the orthodontic services in each country are commissioned and treatment outcomes measured. To highlight the differences in the following: commissioning of primary care orthodontic services across the UK; assessment of treatment outcomes; and the potential impacts these differences have on contractors, performers and patient care. Data were collected using an online mixed-methods approach. Systematic content analysis was used to extract the required information from the websites and guidance documents of orthodontic service providers, which was then catalogued and verified electronically by senior dental advisors in the four devolved UK nations. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) is a mandatory needs assessment tool used across all four nations, with an agreed minimum threshold of a dental health component (DHC) score of 3 and an aesthetic component (AC) score of 6 for NHS treatment. While the peer assessment rating (PAR) is the most utilised method of assessing post-treatment outcomes, it is applied differently by each country. While NHS orthodontic services across the UK share mutual elements of service delivery, there are significant differences in the prior approval process and assessment of treatment outcomes. More research is required to assess the economic feasibility of orthodontic treatment from the associated treatment outcomes.