Advanced Industrial Applications Research Articles

Advanced Laser–Plasma Diagnostics for a Modular High-Repetition-Rate Plasma Electron Accelerator

We present a laser–plasma electron accelerator module designed to be driven by high-repetition-rate lasers for industrial applications of laser-driven electron beams. It consists of a single vacuum chamber containing all the necessary components for producing, optimizing, and monitoring electron beams generated via laser wakefield acceleration in a gas jet when driven by a suitable laser. The core methods in this paper involve a comprehensive metrological assessment of the driving laser by rigorous temporal laser pulse characterization and contrast measurements, supplemented by detailed spatiotemporal distribution analyses of the laser focus. Results demonstrate the good stability and reproducibility of the laser system, confirming its suitability for advanced scientific and industrial applications. We further demonstrate the functionality of the laser–plasma accelerator module diagnostics, perform target density characterizations, and time-resolved laser–plasma shadowgraphy. Current limitations of the set-up preventing first electron acceleration are analyzed and an outlook for future experiments is given. Our work is a first step towards the wide dissemination of fully integrated laser–plasma accelerator technology.

Structure, mechanical, and neutron radiation shielding characteristics of mechanically milled nanostructured (100-x)Al-xGd2O3 metal composites

Metallic substances are favored for storing and transporting spent nuclear fuels (SNFs) due to their thermal stability, mechanical strength, and corrosion resistance. Adding gadolinium (Gd) significantly enhances neutron shielding, improving efficiency with reduced thickness and dimensions. In this study, Al–Gd2O3 metal nanocomposites were synthesized using powder-processed mechanical milling. The crystal structure features of (100-x)Al-x%Gd2O3 samples with varying percentages of Gd2O3 (5 %, 10 %, and 15 % by weight) were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Microstructural properties were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). The synthesized composites' neutron and γ-radiation shielding characteristics were investigated theoretically using the MCNP6.2 transport code. Analysis of the XRD data revealed prominent peak shifts with increased milling time, indicating reduced particle sizes. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated Gd2O3-induced changes in temperature behavior, and the Vickers microhardness tests demonstrated enhanced mechanical strength with increasing gadolinium concentration. Improved neutron radiation shielding was observed with higher Gd2O3 content. Our study highlights the potential of Gd2O3-enriched metal matrix composites for advanced industrial applications.

Overview of Synthesis and Applications of Unnatural Lipophilic α-Amino Acids

Abstract: Naturally and synthetically obtained lipophilic α-amino acids exhibit diverse properties and applications in academia and industry. Unnatural hydrophobic/lipophilic amino acids lacking polarity in their side chains manifest the biologically significant structure of peptides and proteins. The hydrophobic effect of lipophilic amino acids stabilizes the structure of proteins, peptides, and enzymes during their indigenous folding-unfolding phenomena. The presence of these amino acids in the backbone of protein and peptide-derived drug delivery systems such as lysine-derived surfactants and glycodendrimers can also enhance the cell penetration of drugs of interest. Cationic poly-l-lysine dendrimers, α-amino oleic acid, and a naturally occurring cyclic heptadepsipeptide HUN-7293 are recognized as promising biomaterials for developing prodrugs and also serve as biocompatible surfactants in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The synthesis of unnatural lipophilic amino acids, N-lauroyl sarcosine, N-lauroyl glutamic acid, N-octylglycine, N-myristoyl glycine etc. has gained attention for preparing novel compounds for advanced academic, industrial, and societal applications. This review article discusses the applications and synthesis of hydrophobic/lipophilic α-amino acids using ester enolate Claisen rearrangement, chiral auxiliary, chiral pool, chiral catalysts, and many more relevant methodologies.

Tribological behavior of novel Al2O3-La2O3 HVOF composite coatings

The development of new coatings materials, particularly ceramic based has gained attention for increasing the component durability of sliding component under varied environments. In this work lanthanum oxide (La2O3), a rare earth oxide as a reinforcing material in Al2O3 coatings in different weight percentages of 1.4%, 1.6%, and 1.8% respectively developed through High Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) surface modification technique with SS304 as substrate. The porosity, hardness and chemical composition of the developed coatings was studied. Further, reciprocating tribological testing of the coatings was carried out at two loads (5 N and 15 N) under dry sliding conditions. The testing revealed that addition of La2O3 up to 1.6% lowers the porosity upto 40% and improves hardness by 10% when compared to 100%Al2O3 coating. The coating with 1.6 wt% Al2O3exhibited the least coefficient of friction amongst all developed coatings at both the loads. Further, with increase in load the coefficient of friction decreases for all the developed coatings. Further, the addition of La2O3 in the coating led to a decrease in wear, with 1.6 wt% La2O3 coating exhibiting the lowest wear at both the loads. At high load the wear increases for all developed coatings. SEM, EDS and XRD analysis of the worn surfaces revealed the role of La2O3 in improving the friction behaviour due to formation of oxides such as α-Al2O3 and Al22La2O36, change in wear modes and size of the wear debris. The developed composite coatings shall serve to exploit the potential of Al2O3 coatings for advanced industrial applications.

Nanoscale morphology, optical dynamics and gas sensor of porous silicon

We investigated the multifaceted gas sensing properties of porous silicon thin films electrodeposited onto (100) oriented P-type silicon wafers substrates. Our investigation delves into morphological, optical properties, and sensing capabilities, aiming to optimize their use as efficient gas sensors. Morphological analysis revealed the development of unique surfaces with distinct characteristics compared to untreated sample, yielding substantially rougher yet flat surfaces, corroborated by Minkowski Functionals analysis. Fractal mathematics exploration emphasized that despite increased roughness, HF/ethanol-treated surfaces exhibit flatter attributes compared to untreated Si sample. Optical approaches established a correlation between increased porosity and elevated localized states and defects, influencing the Urbach energy value. This contributed to a reduction in steepness values, attributed to heightened dislocations and structural disturbances, while the transconductance parameter decreases. Simultaneously, porosity enhances the strength of electron‒phonon interaction. The porous silicon thin films were further tested as effective gas sensors for CO2 and O2 vapors at room temperature, displaying notable changes in electrical resistance with varying concentrations. These findings bring a comprehensive exploration of some important characteristics of porous silicon surfaces and established their potential for advanced industrial applications.

A Receding-Horizon $\mathcal {H}_\infty$ Model-Free Control for Application to Robot Manipulators

Although robot manipulators are widely used in advanced industrial applications, their dynamics has very high complexity and uncertainties, making exact mathematical modeling difficult and preventing high-precision tracking control. Herein, we propose a practical high-performance model-free controller for robot manipulators that attenuates the undesirable side effects of a time-delayed state-based estimation (TDE) technique in terms of the receding-horizon <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {H}_\infty$</tex-math></inline-formula> performance. By constructing tracking error dynamics with a sliding variable, the effects of TDE errors are identified and suppressed each time in terms of the fixed-horizon <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {H}_\infty$</tex-math></inline-formula> performance. All initial states are shown to converge to a certain bounded set within a precomputed finite time. The proposed approach is beneficial for sudden transient responses and the temporarily unbounded TDE errors that cannot be handled by existing TDE-based controllers. Finally, the stability of the proposed controller is proven based on the comparison Lemma, and simulations and experiments show that its tracking performance and robustness are superior to those of conventional control algorithms.

Effect of Cutting Conditions on Surface Integrity when Robotic Drilling of Aluminum 6082-GFRP Stacks

Six-axis robots are increasingly employed in manufacturing due to their excellent volume on cost ratio and extensive reach, facilitating the machining of large components, including those made of composites. However, this enhanced volume on cost ratio often compromises rigidity. This study investigates the effect of cutting conditions on surface integrity and robotic drilling forces when machining Aluminum 6082-GFRP stacks using 6 mm solid carbide drills and a 6-axis Sta¨ubli TX200 robot. Two distinct drill geometries are assessed in various drilling sequences. Feed rate emerges as a pivotal parameter affecting drilling forces and hole quality. Comprehensive testing encompasses a range of feed rates and drilling strategies in both individual materials and stack sequences. The analysis includes cutting forces and hole quality, considering surface integrity and standard quality indicators such as delamination, arithmetic roughness, and burr height. The research seeks to propose optimal cutting conditions, specifically feed rate and cutting speed, essential for advanced industrial applications. These conditions ensure hole quality and surface integrity, which is particularly important for riveting processes and ensuring effective sealing.

Multifaceted applications of chitosan-L-ornithine modified ZnO nanoparticles: Antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer potentials

Developing polymeric inorganic nanoparticle-based nanomedicines has significantly advanced antibacterial and anticancer treatments. These innovative agents have attracted significant attention due to their unique physicochemical properties and promising efficacy in targeting bacteria and cancer cells. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the synthesis of chitosan and l-ornithine-supported zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnCsLO NPs) to assess their biological effects. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the synthesis of ZnO and ZnCsLO NPs, with wurtzite hexagonal structure. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed nano-flake and polygonal structures for ZnO and ZnCsLO NPs, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of ZnO and ZnCsLO NPs revealed characteristic peaks such as ZnO, chitosan, and l-ornithine molecules. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of ZnO and ZnCsLO NPs displayed green emission peaks at 519 nm and 527 nm respectively, attributed to oxygen vacancies and inherent defects. The antibacterial activity was tested against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains using the well diffusion method. The ZnCsLO NPs exhibited higher antibacterial activity than ZnO NPs. In terms of antioxidant activity, ZnCsLO NPs exhibited the highest scavenging activity compared to ZnO NPs against DPPH. The anticancer activity of ZnO and ZnCsLO NPs was tested against the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, where ZnCsLO NPs exhibited higher anticancer activity than ZnO NPs. Toxicity studies of ZnCsLO NPs on human fibroblast L929 showed less harmful effect on healthy cells compared to ZnO. Based on the findings of this research, there is a strong indication that ZnCsLO NPs hold great potential as a nanomaterial well-suited for advanced biomedical industrial applications.

Room temperature field-free switching of perpendicular magnetization through spin-orbit torque originating from low-symmetry type II Weyl semimetal

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) is a promising strategy to deterministically switch the perpendicular magnetization, but usually requires an in-plane magnetic field for breaking the mirror symmetry, which is not suitable for most advanced industrial applications. Van der Waals (vdW) materials with low crystalline symmetry and topological band structures, e.g., Weyl semimetals (WSMs), potentially serve as an outstanding system that may simultaneously realize field-free switching and high energy efficiency. Yet, the demonstration of these superiorities at room temperature has not been realized. Here, we achieve a field-free switching of perpendicular magnetization by using a layered type II WSM, TaIrTe 4 , in a TaIrTe 4 /Ti/CoFeB system at room temperature with the critical switching current density ~2.4 × 10 6 A cm −2 . The field-free switching is ascribed to the out-of-plane SOT allowed by the low crystal symmetry. Our work suggests that using low-symmetry materials to generate SOT is a promising route for the manipulation of perpendicular magnetization at room temperature.

Open-Air Testing of Dual-Comb Time-of-Flight Measurement.

We configured a long-distance ranging apparatus to test the principle of dual-comb time-of-flight measurement using ultrashort lasers. Emphasis was given to the evaluation of open-air performance quantitatively in terms of the measurement resolution and stability. The test results revealed that our dual-comb asynchronous optical pulse sampling permits micrometer-resolved ranging with a repeatability of 2.05 μm over a 648 m distance in dry weather conditions. Further atmospheric effects were evaluated in three different weather conditions with corresponding Allan deviations. Finally, the capability of simultaneous determination of multiple targets was verified with the potential of advanced industrial applications, such as manufacturing, surveying, metrology, and geodesy.

Effect of nanographene oxide and ionizing radiation on mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of composites based on high‐density polyethylene and waste bagasse fibers

AbstractThe impact of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticle content and exposure to electron beam (EB) on the tensile, dynamic mechanical, water uptake, and thermal properties of high‐density polyethylene/bagasse fibers composite was investigated. The GO was added at different loading levels: 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 parts per hundred parts of plastic (php), while 2 doses of EB were used (100 and 200 kGy). The influence of adding 10 php of carbon black (CB) to the HDPE/BF was also investigated. The addition of GO and irradiation up to 100 kGy, along with the inclusion of 10 php of CB, led to improvements in tensile strength, elastic modulus, storage modulus, and hardness. The composite containing 1 php of GO and exposed to 100 kGy, demonstrated the highest tensile strength value, with a 47.3% improvement compared with the unirradiated one. This composite also, exhibited the lowest values of water absorption percent (3.7%) and diffusion coefficient (0.007 mm2/h) compared with the unirradiated HDPE/BF composite. These results suggest that the resulting composite has potential for use in advanced industrial applications due to its improved physicomechanical properties.Highlights Composites based on high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and bagasse fibers (BF) were fabricated The incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) improved the mechanical properties. GO and electron beam (EB) irradiation enhanced the water resistance of HDPE/BF composite. Both GO and EB increased the thermal stability of HDPE/BF composite.

Dual-energy head cone-beam CT using a dual-layer flat-panel detector: Hybrid material decomposition and a feasibility study.

Flat panel detector (FPD) based cone-beam computed tomography (CT) has made tremendous progress in the last two decades, with many new and advanced medical and industrial applications keeping emerging from diagnostic imaging and image guidance for radiotherapy and interventional surgery. The current cone-beam CT (CBCT), however, is still suboptimal for head CT scan which requires a high standard of image quality. While the dual-layer FPD technology is under extensive development and is promising to further advance CBCT from qualitative anatomic imaging to quantitative dual-energy CT, its potential of enabling head CBCT applications has not yet been fullyinvestigated. The relatively moderate energy separation from the dual-layer FPD and the overall low signal level especially at the bottom-layer detector, could raise significant challenges in performing high-quality dual-energy material decomposition (MD). In this work, we propose a hybrid, physics and model guided, MD algorithm that attempts to fully use the detected x-ray signals and prior-knowledge behind head CBCT using dual-layer FPD. Firstly, a regular projection-domain MD is performed as initial results of our approach and for comparison as conventional method. Secondly, based on the combined projection, a dual-layer multi-material spectral correction (dMMSC) is applied to generate beam hardening free images. Thirdly, the dMMSC corrected projections are adopted as a physics-model based guidance to generate a hybrid MD. A set of physics experiments including fan-beam scan and cone-beam scan using a head phantom and a Gammex Multi-Energy CT phantom are conducted to validate our proposedapproach. The combined reconstruction could reduce noise by about 10% with no visible resolution degradation. The fan-beam studies on the Gammex phantom demonstrated an improved MD performance, with the averaged iodine quantification error for the 5-15 mg/ml iodine inserts reduced from about 5.6% to 3.0% by the hybrid method. On fan-beam scan of the head phantom, our proposed hybrid MD could significantly reduce the streak artifacts, with CT number nonuniformity (NU) in the selected regions of interest (ROIs) reduced from 23 Hounsfield Units (HU) to 4.2 HU, and the corresponding noise suppressed from 31 to 6.5 HU. For cone-beam scan, after scatter correction (SC) and cone-beam artifact reduction (CBAR), our approach can also significantly improve image quality, with CT number NU in the selected ROI reduced from 24.2 to 6.6 HU and the noise level suppressed from 22.1 to 8.2HU. Our proposed physics and model guided hybrid MD for dual-layer FPD based head CBCT can significantly improve the robustness of MD and suppress the low-signal artifact. This preliminary feasibility study also demonstrated that the dual-layer FPD is promising to enable head CBCT spectralimaging.

Functional Polymeric Systems for Advanced Industrial Applications

Functional polymeric systems constitute a huge family of novel hierarchical architectures categorized by different polymeric shapes, such as linear, brush-like, star-like, dendrimer-like and network-like ones; various components, such as organic-inorganic hybrid oligomeric/polymeric materials and metal-ligated polymers; different features, such as porous polymers; and diverse approaching strategies and driving forces, such as conjugated/supramolecular/mechanical force-based polymers and self-assembled networks [...].

Tribological Properties of CNTs-Reinforced Nano Composite Materials

High modulus of about 1 TPa, high thermal conductivity of over 3000 W/mK, very low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), high electrical conductivity, self-lubricating characteristics and low density have made CNTs one of the best reinforcing materials of nano composites for advanced structural, industrial, high strength and wear-prone applications. This is so because it has the capacity of improving the mechanical, tribological, electrical, thermal and physical properties of nanocomposites. So, this study is aimed at providing the latest discoveries on the tribological behavior of CNTs-reinforced composites. The composites reviewed included metal matrix composites (MMCs), polymer matrix composites (PMCs) and ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) reinforced with CNTs. Their tribological characteristics, uses, production challenges, conclusion and recommendations are presented. The work presented the best technique to disperse CNTs on matrices to avoid its agglomeration, since agglomeration is one of the major challenges in reinforcing with CNTs. It was discovered that ball milling destroys the outer walls of CNTs but recommended that ultrasonication and functionalization before ball milling eliminate this adverse effect of ball milling. In addition, it was discovered that addition of CNTs to composite matrices improved the wear resistance, reduced the wear volume, decreased the coefficient of friction (COF) and provided self-lubricating effect on MMCs, PMCs and CMCs.

Directed evolution of Rhodotorula gracilisd-amino acid oxidase using single-cell hydrogel encapsulation and ultrahigh-throughput screening.

Engineering catalytic and biophysical properties of enzymes is an essential step en route to advanced biomedical and industrial applications. Here, we developed a high-throughput screening and directed evolution strategy relying on single-cell hydrogel encapsulation to enhance the performance of d-Amino acid oxidase from Rhodotorula gracilis (RgDAAOx), a candidate enzyme for cancer therapy. We used a cascade reaction between RgDAAOx variants surface displayed on yeast and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the bulk media to trigger enzyme-mediated crosslinking of phenol-bearing fluorescent alginate macromonomers, resulting in hydrogel formation around single yeast cells. The fluorescent hydrogel capsules served as an artificial phenotype and basis for pooled library screening by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). We screened a RgDAAOx variant library containing ∼106 clones while lowering the d-Ala substrate concentration over three sorting rounds in order to isolate variants with low Km. After three rounds of FACS sorting and regrowth, we isolated and fully characterized four variants displayed on the yeast surface. We identified variants with a more than 5-fold lower Km than the parent sequence, with an apparent increase in substrate binding affinity. The mutations we identified were scattered across the RgDAAOx structure, demonstrating the difficulty in rationally predicting allosteric sites and highlighting the advantages of scalable library screening technologies for evolving catalytic enzymes.

Microforce Sensing and Flexible Assembly Method for Key Parts of ICF Microtargets

Microassembly is one of the key techniques in various advanced industrial applications. Meanwhile, high success rates for axial hole assembly of thin-walled deep-cavity-type items remain a challenging issue. Hence, the flexible assembly approach of thin-walled deep-cavity parts is investigated in this study using the assembly of the key components, the microtarget component TMP (thermomechanical package) and the hohlraum in ICF (inertial confinement fusion) research, as examples. A clamping force-assembly force mapping model based on multisource microforce sensors was developed to overcome the incapacity of microscopic vision to properly identify the condition of components after contact. The ICF microtarget flexible assembly system, which integrates multisource microforce sensing and a six degrees of freedom micromotion sliding table, is presented to address the constraint that the standard microassembly approach is difficult to operate once the parts contact. This method can detect contact force down to the mN level, modify deviation of the component posture efficiently, and achieve nondestructive ICF microtarget assembly at the end.

Novel Robust Control Using a Fractional Adaptive PID Regulator for an unstable system

Recent advances in fractional order calculus led to the improvement of control theory and resulted in potential use of fractional adaptive PID controller in advanced academic and industrial applications as compared to the conventional adaptive PID controller. Basically, a fractional order adaptive PID controller is an improved version of classical integer order adaptive PID controller that outperformed its classical counterpart. In case of a closed loop system, a minute change would result in instability of the overall system. An efficient PID controller can be used to control the response of such system. Among various parameters of an instable system, speed of the system is an important parameter to be controlled efficiently. The current research work presents the speed controlling mechanism for an uncertain instable system by using fractional order adaptive PID controller.To validate the arguments, effectiveness and robustness of the proposed fractional order adaptive PID controller have been studied in comparison to the classical adaptive PID controller using The Criterion of quadratic error. Simulation findings and comparisons demonstrated that the proposed controller has superior control performance and outstanding robustness in terms of percentage overshoot, settling time, rising time, and disturbance rejection.

Tailoring surface topographies on solids with Mid-IR femtosecond laser pulses

Irradiation of solids with ultrashort pulses using laser sources in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral region is a yet predominantly unexplored field that opens broad possibilities for efficient and precise surface texturing for a wide range of applications. In the present work, we investigate both experimentally and theoretically the impact of laser sources on the generation of surface modification related effects and on the subsequent surface patterning of metallic and semiconducting materials. Through a parametric study we correlate the mid-IR pulsed laser parameters with the onset of material damage and the formation of a variety of periodic surface structures at a laser wavelength of λL = 3200 nm and a pulse duration of τp = 45 fs. Results for nickel and silicon indicate that the produced topographies comprise both high and low spatial frequency induced periodic structures, similar to those observed at lower wavelengths, while groove formation is absent. The investigation of the damage thresholds suggests the incorporation of nonlinear effects generated from three-photon-assisted excitation (for silicon) and the consideration of the role of the non-thermal excited electron population (for nickel) at very short pulse durations. The results demonstrate the potential of surface structuring with mid-IR pulses, which can constitute a systematic novel engineering approach with strong fields at long-wavelength spectral regions that can be used for advanced industrial laser applications.

Evaluation of augmented thermal, thermo-mechanical, mechanical properties of nano alumina reinforced TGDDM epoxy nanocomposites

N,N′-Tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenyl methane (TGDDM) was reinforced with various weight fractions (0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt%) of amine functionalized nano alumina (F-Al) were cured with diaminodiphenyl-methane (DDM). FT-IR analysis revealed that formation of functionalized nano alumina (F-Al) structure, was brought about via coupling agent APTES. Furthermore, the morphology of TGDDM epoxy nanocomposites was studied using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), microscopic analysis and an atomic force microscope (AFM). We found a bonding relationship between TGDDM epoxy and F-Al in TGDDM/F-Al nanocomposites It was interesting to note that the values of tensile, flexural and impact strength of 1 wt% F-Al reinforced TGDDM epoxy nanocomposites were found to be 141.5, 192.5 MPa, and 92.4 J/m2, respectively., which resulted in a substantial improvement in the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) to 4.3 and 5.5 for 0.5 and 1 wt% F-Al reinforced TGDDM epoxy nanocomposites and the glass transition temperature (Tg) increased from 210°C to 225°C as the F-Al content increased. The initial degradation temperature (IDT) of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt% F-Al reinforced TGDDM epoxy nanocomposites were significantly enriched to 328°C, 345°C, and 335°C respectively from 290°C of neat (TGDDM) epoxy matrix. Likewise, the char yield for the neat (TGDDM) epoxy matrix was 13% and that for 0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt% F-Al reinforced TGDDM epoxy nanocomposites were 17%, 25%, and 20% respectively. It is feasible to state unequivocally that considerable F-Al diffusion within the TGDDM epoxy can only occur at low weight percentages. The results clearly showed that F-Al reinforced TGDDM epoxy nanocomposites may be investigated for advanced high performance industrial engineering applications.

The Alleviation of Perceptual Blindness During Driving in Urban Areas Guided by Saccades Recommendation

In advanced industrial applications, computational visual attention models (CVAMs) could predict visual attention very similarly to actual human attention allocation. This has been used as a very important component of technology in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Given that the biological inspiration of the driving-related CVAMs could be obtained from skilled drivers in complex driving conditions, in which the driver’s attention is constantly directed at various salient and informative visual stimuli by alternating the eye fixations via saccades to drive safely, this paper proposes a saccade recommendation strategy to enhance the driving safety under urban road environment, particularly when the driver’s vision is often impaired by the visual crowding. The altered and directed saccades are collected and optimized by extracting four innate features from human dynamic vision. A neural network isdesigned to classify preferable saccades to reduce perceptual blindness due to visual crowding under urban scenes. A state-of-the-art CVAM is firstly adopted to localize the predicted eye fixation locations (EFLs) in driving video clips. Besides, human subjects’ gaze at the recommended EFLs is measured via an eye-tracker. The time delays between the predicted EFLs and drivers’ EFLs are analyzed under different driving conditions, followed by the time delays between the predicted EFLs and the driver’s hand control. The visually safe margin is then measured by mediating the driving speed and the total delay. Experimental results demonstrate that the recommended saccades can effectively reduce the amount of perceptual blindness, which is known to be of help to further improve road driving safety.