Adoption Of Public Policies Research Articles

The private health sector's capitalist dynamic in Brazil from 2009 to 2015

Hospitals have shown changes in their role in health systems. In Brazil, private hospitals have always stood out, with charitable hospitals gaining increasing importance in the 21st century. Especially in the United States, there has been a trend towards consolidation of hospitals, concentrating great market power, in keeping with the capitalist phenomenon of financialization. This study aims to describe the current evolution in the Brazilian context in private hospitals and hospital groups, identifying the principal characteristics and trends according to the current capital dynamics. A descriptive exploratory study was performed, focused on dimensions of net worth, accounting-finance, and policy. The study covered the period from 2009 to 2015, analyzing 10 hospitals and 3 hospital groups selected intentionally. Datasets were created from different sources, used to calculate indicators and to analyze information on each of these dimensions. The private hospital sector in Brazil, including charitable hospitals, already displayed strategies that are characteristic of financialization, such as the formation of oligopolies through mergers and acquisitions and diversification to other areas such as teaching and management of public units, a focus on high profit, and internationalization, backed by the sector's own policy agenda. The trend is intrinsically exclusionary, concentrating wealth, inconsistent with the constitutional principles of universal care and the right to health, and it requires the adoption of public policies, regulation, and social control to contain it.

Characterization of military police officers of Alagoas affected by COVID-19.

Introduction:COVID-19 has greatly affected society by limiting the functioning of sectors of the economy and public services. Considering the essential character of many of these services, especially public security, it is necessary to understand how the disease has affected different groups within the population so that public policies for facing this problem can be implemented.Objectives:To identify and describe the profile of military police officers affected by COVID-19.Methods:This is a descriptive observational study with a quantitative approach, based on secondary data. The electronic medical records of 737 military police officers affected by COVID-19 were accessed; sociodemographic, biological, and professional data were collected, as well as data on disease progression. Data were analyzed using Bioestat® software, v5.3.Results:The peak of the COVID-19 contagion curve happened first among military police officers of the state of Alagoas than in the general population, and a positive effect of social distancing was observed in the containment of disease spread. Moreover, specialized operations units had a higher contagion rate in view of the higher level of exposure linked to their work activities.Conclusions:This study described the profile of military police officers affected by COVID-19, which can substantiate the adoption of public policies and new strategies to fight this disease among officers in Alagoas, thus ensuring the continuity of the service provided to society.

Avaliação da qualidade da água do reservatório Nilo Coelho, Terra Nova, Pernambuco, Brasil

O monitoramento da qualidade da água é fundamental para compreender a situação dos recursos hídricos, principalmente em regiões que sofrem com a escassez hídrica, como é o caso do Nordeste brasileiro. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a qualidade da água do reservatório Nilo Coelho, Terra Nova, utilizando o Índice de Qualidade da Água proposto pela metodologia adotada pela CETESB. Foram utilizados os dados disponibilizados pelo portal HidroWeb da Agência Nacional de Águas e Saneamento Básico. O reservatório possui dados de monitoramento para os anos de 2016 a 2022, porém no presente estudo, foram utilizadas as coletas dos anos de 2019 a 2022 por possuírem os parâmetros necessários para o cálculo do índice. Os parâmetros utilizados foram os coliformes termotolerantes, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, fósforo total, pH, sólidos totais dissolvidos, temperatura, turbidez, oxigênio dissolvido e nitrato. Os resultados foram comparados com os limites estabelecidos pela CONAMA n° 357/2005. Dentre os parâmetros analisados, apenas os coliformes termotolerantes, fósforo total e DBO estiveram fora dos limites dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação, o que pode ser indicativo de focos de poluição no reservatório. A aplicação do IQA aponta que a água do reservatório pode ser classificada como boa, mostrando que a água está apropriada para o abastecimento humano. Todavia é de suma importância o monitoramento contínuo da água da região, além da adoção de políticas públicas que incentivem o manejo adequado das áreas de entorno do reservatório, uma vez que a mesma está recebendo água do projeto de transposição do rio São Francisco.Palavras-chave: monitoramento ambiental, qualidade da água, reservatórios, índices, semiárido. Evaluation of water quality in the Nilo Coelho reservoir, Terra Nova, Pernambuco, Brazil A B S T R A C TMonitoring water quality is essential to understand the situation of water resources, especially in regions suffering from water scarcity, such as the Brazilian Northeast. The present study aimed to analyze the water quality of the Nilo Coelho reservoir, Terra Nova, using the Water Quality Index proposed by CETESB. Data provided by the HidroWeb portal of the National Water and Basic Sanitation Agency were used. The reservoir has monitoring data for the years 2016 to 2022, still in the present study, the collections from 2019 to 2022 were used because they had the necessary parameters for calculating the index. The parameters used were thermotolerant coliforms, biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, pH, total dissolved solids, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and nitrate. The results were compared with the limits established by CONAMA No. 357/2005. Among the parameters analyzed, only thermotolerant coliforms, total phosphorus and BOD were outside the limits set by the legislation, which may indicate outbreaks of pollution in the reservoir. The application of the IQA indicates that the water in the reservoir can be classified as good, showing that the water is suitable for human supply. However, continuous monitoring of the region's water is of paramount importance, in addition to the adoption of public policies that encourage the proper management of the areas surrounding the reservoir, since it is receiving water from the São Francisco River transposition project..Keywords: environmental monitoring, water quality, reservoirs, indices, semi-arid.

How Gender Is Recognised in Economic and Education Policy Programmes and Initiatives: An Analysis of Nigerian State Policy Discourse

Many African states are involved in the frontline discourse on the fight for gender equality through the adoption of public policies, aiming to improve the lives of women through social, economic, and political development. In Nigeria, despite the adoption of Article 42 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 adapted from the United Nations principles of gender equality, which provides for equality and elimination of all forms of discrimination against women, the Nigerian state still struggles with different forms of gendered marginalisation issues against women in various aspects of Nigerian society; these issues are mainly due to cultural, economic, and legislative challenges. Therefore, this article explores how gender is recognized through public policy programmes and initiatives using a qualitative content analysis of relevant policy documents. The documents were collected from various government ministries and cover policy areas that represent entrepreneurship and economic activities in Nigeria between 2000 and 2020. The analysis confirms the recognition of gender in public policies by subjective bias and mediating access to education for female gender advancement in Nigerian society. Some gender gaps were also recognized and discussed in the article.

The effects of social isolation and the COVID-19 pandemic on air quality around the world

In December 2019, a new virus variant was discovered in China, belonging to the coronavirus family, whose associated respiratory syndrome became known as COVID-19. Due to the ease of transmission, lethality and lack of knowledge about this new disease, several countries chose to adopt measures of social distancing, in addition to restrictions on travel and the performance of activities considered non-essential. Thus, the present study aimed to carry out a bibliographic survey about the main effects of social isolation on air quality, in some regions around the world, through consultation of scientific articles, national and international research institutes, as well such as satellite imagery. The results showed that the effects of these measurements were observed on air quality in different parts of the world, with a reduction in the levels of some of the main air pollutants, such as NO2, CO2, CO and particulate matter. In contrast, some studies showed that the concentration of O3 increased in certain regions. It was possible to conclude that the improvements observed were temporary, as they did not result from structural measures, but from transitory situations; and that the adoption of public policies to restrict the emission of pollutants is essential to reduce the incidence and aggravation of associated respiratory diseases, avoiding the overload of health systems, especially in the current pandemic scenario.

Mesothelioma Mortality in Brazil from 2000 to 2019: Despite underreporting, an overview for the necessary public policy approach

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Asbestos identifies a group of minerals widely used by the industry due to the low cost of exploration. Asbestos is carcinogenic, causes lung cancer and mesothelioma. Mortality due to mesothelioma is a public health problem and in Brazil the number of Asbestos-Related Diseases is increasing at the expense of diagnosis and underreporting. Brazil is among the five largest global suppliers and consumers of asbestos. Work-related carcinogens are responsible for considerable disease burden worldwide. The results provide guidance for prevention and control initiatives. In the world, occupational Lung cancer accounted for 86% of the deaths, mesothelioma for 7.9%. Asbestos was responsible for the largest number of deaths due to occupational carcinogens (63%). AIM: to describe mesothelioma mortality rates in Brazil. Period 2000 to 2019. METHODS: Descriptive study with data collection through DataSus / MS and Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE. RESULTS:Mortality rate in Brazil in the year 2000 was 0.35 / 100 thousand inhabitants and in 2019 it was 1.02. States with higher rates concentrate a high degree of urbanization and the use of asbestos in civil construction. The underreporting and latency of occurrence of Mesothelioma influenced the results. In Brazil in 2007 it was 0.41 deaths / million inhabitants. In the United Kingdom 17.8 deaths / million inhabitants, Australia 16.5; USA 13.32 and Italy 10.3 all in 2007.The United States imported 300 tons of asbestos from Brazil in 2020, an increase of 30% compared to 2019 CONCLUSIONS:There is a significant increase in mortality rates by mesothelioma in Brazil. Knowing the mortality rates contributes to the adoption of public policies and actions in primary care and a better notification of cases and deaths. It is necessary to promoting on occupational and environmental health and a policy to ban asbestos in Brazil is necessary. KEYWORDS: Occupational epidemiology, Mortality, Cancer and cancer precursors,Policy and practice

Covid-19 Pandemic and Food Waste: An Empirical Analysis

This paper investigates the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on food waste using an original dataset from 176 agrifood business operators in the European Union (EU). Our objective is to assess whether and why the pandemic crisis affected food waste level. Unlike previous studies that addressed the issue at a consumer level, our research focuses on pre-consumption waste covering stages of the agrifood supply chain from input suppliers to retailers. Considering the importance of waste reduction for the sustainability of food production, the study provides an insight into the ability of the agrifood supply chain to cope with a major shock and its resilience. A multinomial logit regression model is used to estimate the effect of Covid-19, testing whether the ability to innovate, the role in the supply chain, the magnitude of the shock and policy support were drivers of changes in food waste. We find that three main factors affect the change in a firm’s food-waste level during the Covid-19 pandemic: The magnitude of the disruption of the sale channel, the firms’ ability to adapt the business model to the new pandemic environment, and the adoption of public policies mitigating the lockdown effects. The first driver was associated with an increase in food waste, while the others were associated with a decrease.

Política de Cotas e a Educação como Direito Social: Um breve relato sobre a implementação dessa política no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina

O Ensino Superior brasileiro expandiu-se fortemente nos últimos anos e a adoção de políticas públicas para acesso e permanência do estudante trouxeram, às instituições de ensino superior, um número elevado de estudantes provenientes de escolas públicas e em condições socioeconômicas adversas. Este Artigo é resultado de uma investigação bibliográfica sobre a educação como direito social e o marco histórico de Cotas no Brasil e sua legislação, bem como, a implementação no Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina.

BENEFÍCIOS PREVIDENCIÁRIOS PARA PNEUMOCONIOSE E FIBROSE CÍSTICA NO ANO 2019

Some pathologies generate the need for important social support. In Brazil, the federal constitution provides for social coverage and health care for the entire population. Social assistance, often made possible through social security benefits, can be provided by the National Institute of Social Service (INSS). Open data on these benefits with information on expanded data are available. We highlight here two groups of pathologies that have different profiles in Brazil, but which are often the subject of expert evaluation, due to their clinical characteristics and impact on patients' quality of life: Pneumoconiosis and Cystic Fibrosis. Objectives: to analyze benefits granted by the INSS in 2019 for Pneumoconiosis and Cystic Fibrosis. Methods: Open data were collected, with analysis in Excel® and SPSS, regarding gender, state, age, type of benefits and ICD 10. Results: 215 benefits were granted for Pneumoconiosis in 21 states, 45% were employed and 50% were granted as work-related. 121 benefits were granted for Cystic Fibrosis in the period. 10 states concentrate 83% of the benefits and 43% were granted to children up to 10 years of age and 9% to those over 51 years of age. Conclusions: Information from open social security data in Brazil can contribute to the regional expert analysis of pathologies characterized as incapacitating, in addition to contributing to the understanding of a change in the regional epidemiological profile of diseases, and enriching the structuring, more frequently providing epidemiological data to official bodies and the adoption of public policies.

Cultural and legal aspects of migration in Hungary in the new millennium

The article analyses the anti-immigration campaign of the Hungarian government as an element of the securitization of migration, both at the level of political discourse and at that of political legislative instruments. The securitization of migration is seen as a filter through which all migrants are passed, in order to select those who have the same cultural background and, therefore, could adapt to the house country’s national culture and do not represent a threat to the national security. In the case of Hungary, the securitization of migration unfolds on two levels. At the discursive level the migrants are presented as a threat to Hungarian culture, endangering the nation-building process. The migrants are also identified as a threat to the Hungarian economy, since they are allegedly going to take up jobs that otherwise, Hungarians would have been able to access, and to the whole of Europe, creating a connection between the presence of immigrants and the incidence of terrorist acts. The second level is of an institutional kind, involving the adoption of public policies and the creation of security agencies that exercise control over migration through a certain set of practices, such as the bureaucratic ones. The Hungarian anti-immigration policy seems to serve the Kremlin’s objectives, being directed against the European Union.

Cocked, Locked, and Loaded: An Analysis of the Five Policy Regimes of Concealed Carry on College Campuses

What are the predictors of the five types of policy regimes on campus carry across the 50 U.S. states? This study explores the roles of problem environment, gun culture, state policy liberalism, region, and racial politics to answer that research question. We argue that morality policy, the role of region in the adoption of public policy, and the southern subculture of violence are useful theoretical lenses for examining campus carry. We find that the problem environment—measured as gun murders per 100,000 population and the violent crime rate on college campuses—is negatively related to the adoption of campus carry policy regimes, while the gun culture (measured as gun purchases per capita and the total number of gun‐related interest groups) is positively related to the adoption of campus carry. State policy liberalism is a significant predictor of the type of policy regime adopted across the states, and the interaction term of percentage minority population and the South is a powerful predictor of adopting campus carry. The findings highlight the extant significance of the role of region, but it is conditioned by racial politics in the case of campus carry. Morality policy suggests that the rapid spread of concealed carry on college campuses may have hit a ceiling.Related ArticlesButz, Adam M., Michael P. Fix, and Joshua L. Mitchell. 2015. “Policy Learning and the Diffusion of Stand‐Your‐Ground Laws.” Politics & Policy 43 (3): 347‐377. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12116Joslyn, Mark R., and Donald P. Haider‐Markel. 2018. “Motivated Innumeracy: Estimating the Size of the Gun Owner Population and its Consequences for Opposition to Gun Restrictions.” Politics & Policy 46 (6): 827‐850. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12276Smith‐Walter, Aaron, Holly L. Peterson, Michael D. Jones, and Ashley Nicole Reynolds Marshall. “Gun Stories: How Evidence Shapes Firearm Policy in the United States.” Politics & Policy 44 (6): 1053‐1088. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12187

Socioenvironmental Vulnerability to Climate Change: Conditions of Coastal Municipalities in Pará State

Abstract The aim of the current study is to analyze the vulnerability of coastal municipalities in Pará State, based on the integration of socioeconomic, epidemiological and climatic indicators. Data were combined to climate scenarios such as Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5, depending on the Municipal Vulnerability Index (MVI). Results have shown that the Sensitivity (SeI) and Sociodemographic (SdI) Indices had strong influence on the current vulnerability of the investigated municipalities. The association between current vulnerability index and future climate change projections has shown that municipalities located in Marajó Island region are the most vulnerable ones - to the West of the study site, where MVI ranged from 1 (in Afuá) to 0.55 (in Soure), for scenarios 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. The current results can contribute to the effective adoption of public policies focused on prioritizing the most vulnerable municipalities and on preparing them to deal with adverse aspects of climate change.

Analiza usklađenosti razvoja javnih politika u zemljama Zapadnog Balkana sa standardima Evropske unije

The process of creation, development, adoption and enforcement of public policy presents an exceptionally challenging issue for several reasons. First of all, public policies are used to identify and resolve certain social problems and social issues, them being their primary aim. Furthermore, public policy articulates the aims of governing political subject, through which they strive to realize their programs. And finally, public policy satisfies certain needs of citizens and business community. It is therefore very difficult to achieve the full correlation of these three goals while simultaneously fulfill all genuine needs of society and ideological and political goals of governing elites. Something like this presents a challenge in the complex societies of post-conflict and countries of post-socialist transition, as Western Balkans countries are considered to be. Namely, for many decades such environments had a narrowly set and monolithic approach to the projection of public policy, though the concept of their strategic planning was radically revised a decade ago and entered into a completely different qualitative and quantitative phase. The subject of this paper is the Analysis of the alignment of public policies development in the Western Balkan countries with the European Union standards. The paper will envelop a brief review of public policy adoption process in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Albania. The pillar in the presentation of the said countries constitutes the existing criteria and tools which were projected and evaluated by SIGMA-OECD organization, with the aim to converge public administrations of Western Balkans countries with European administrative region. The paper uses the methods of legal exegesis, content analysis, comparative methods, principles and indicators of SIGMA-OECD, and provides an empirical review of the assessment of the situation conducted on the given thematic by the said organization.

Globalização econômica

É imperioso reconhecer que a globalização econômica, potencializada a partir dos anos 1980, reconfigurou as atribuições tradicionais do Estado-nação, promovendo interconexões assimétricas entre os países no tocante ao fluxo de bens, serviços, transportes e tecnologias. Tendo por base este fenômeno, o presente artigo pretende delinear esse cenário da internacionalização da economia, estabelecendo como enfoque a mudança de paradigma ocorrida no mercado de trabalho, ao considerar que os Estados sofrem pressão internacional para flexibilizar direitos e obter, em contrapartida, a oferta de benefícios para consequente participação no jogo da economia. Em meio a este jogo, estão os direitos sociais, reconhecidos no texto constitucional. Assim, ao se valer do método dedutivo e histórico, tendo se baseado na revisão bibliográfica nacional e estrangeira aplicável ao tema, o texto conclui pela necessidade de adoção de políticas públicas para a formação e desenvolvimento das capacidades dos indivíduos como mecanismo de redução das desigualdades, bem como chamar atenção às condições laborais precarizadas em razão do irreversível fenômeno da globalização.

Portraying the Structure and Evolution of Polycentricity via Policymaking Venues

This paper portrays a polycentric governance system by exploring the evolution of its structure and the interdependencies of its policymaking venues. It utilizes a semi-automated approach developed from the institutional grammar to analyze four policymaking venues by their 55 public policies adopted from 2007 through 2019 in the context of oil and gas development in Colorado, USA. The results show that this governance system continuously evolves through the adoption of public policies, which modifies its constellation of actors, issues, rules, and deontics (i.e., imperatives). In analyzing the content of these policies, we show how the four policymaking venues display interdependencies as well as distinct emphases. The conclusion summarizes the contributions and raises challenges for advancing knowledge about polycentricity.

Economics and the Adoption of Livestock Vaccination: Analysis and New Insights

This article uses economic principles and theory and draws on the available scholarly literature to examine the economics of vaccinating livestock. After providing relevant information about the nature of livestock vaccines, the implications of economic principles for private decisions and the gains from livestock vaccination are specified. Empirical findings on this topic are assessed and it is demonstrated that the overhead (fixed) costs involved in vaccinating livestock are an important profitability influence on the willingness of livestock owners to vaccinate their livestock. In considering the economics of livestock, it is necessary to go beyond decision making by individual livestock owners. For example, the externality or spillover effects of livestock vaccination can be of economic importance and can justify the adoption of public policies which result in more livestock vaccination regionally or nationally than otherwise would occur. Furthermore, in market economies, the distribution of economic gains between livestock producers and consumers of livestock products depends on the nature of market adjustments. As demonstrated, this can result in livestock owners only receiving a small share of the economic benefits from vaccination. Moreover, in some cases, their economic surplus can decline. Desirable areas of future research involving economics and animal health are identified. The importance of combining natural and social science in further studies is identified.

Proposição para a incorporação da preservação digital nas políticas públicas de informação em saúde

Este artigo possui como objetivo identifiar ações governamentais no âmbito dos sistemas e serviços de saúde que visam a adoção de políticas públicas relacionadas à preservação digital em saúde. As políticas públicas de informação e de arquivos são transversais às políticas públicas de saúde e contribuem diretamente para a garantia dos direitos dos cidadãos preconizados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Neste sentido, as políticas de preservação digital são essenciais para garantir o acesso às informações a gerações futuras. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como aplicada e exploratória. Utiliza como amostra os textos completos da Consolidação das Normas Infralegais do SUS. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de ações voltadas para a preservação digital em saúde por meio da adoção de políticas públicas. Por fi, destaca-se que a participação popular no desenvolvimento destas políticas públicas de informação em saúde é essencial para a transparência das ações governamentais.

Diagnóstico e tratamento de glomerulonefrite pós-infecciosa – revisão narrativa

Objetivo: Revisar a literatura atualizando os avanços obtidos no diagnóstico e tratamento de glomerulonefrite pós estreptocócica (GNPE). Revisão bibliográfica: A GNPE trata-se de uma sequela tardia, não superativa, de infecção estreptococcia e geralmente envolve manifestações clínicas bastante variáveis, desde formas leves ou assintomáticas até casos sintomáticos mais graves. Pode apresentar incidência endêmica ou epidêmica, sendo rara em menores de 2 anos e mais frequente em crianças com 7 a 12 anos de idade. Cada caso precisa ser analisado de forma específica em termos de tratamento, considerando vários fatores: quadro clínico apresentado, idade, presença ou não de complicações e até mesmo as condições socioculturais e econômicas do paciente. Pesquisas sobre biomarcadores para identificação de pacientes e de vacinas têm sido propostas e conduzidas, porém ainda não estão disponibilizados para atender especialmente a indivíduos que vivem em áreas endêmicas. Considerações finais: Os avanços obtidos nos últimos anos em termos de diagnóstico diferencial e tratamento da GNPE podem auxiliar os profissionais de saúde e as autoridades a vencer este desafio e na adoção de políticas públicas que atuem mais na prevenção das doenças precursoras, tais como faringite e infecções de pele.

Aspectos sobre a saúde mental de agricultores ribeirinhos do baixo São Francisco em Alagoas

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os aspectos da saúde mental de trabalhadores agrícolas ribeirinhos da região do baixo São Francisco, Alagoas, Brasil. Justifica-se a importância deste estudo pelo aumento de casos de Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) em várias partes do mundo e no Brasil. Além disso, trata-se de um tema complexo que envolve o trabalho agrícola familiar e sua relação com a degradação, assoreamento e diminuição de vazão de água do Rio São Francisco, que impacta diretamente na produção e geração de renda desses trabalhadores. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico quantitativo descritivo transversal. A amostra foi constituída por 43 trabalhadores de agricultura familiar residentes em Porto Real do Colégio, Igreja Nova, Penedo e Piacabuçu. Para a coleta de dados referentes aos problemas de saúde mental, foi utilizado o questionário com variáveis sociodemográficas e o questionário de identificação de distúrbios psiquiátricos em nível de atenção primária Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Os resultados da pesquisa foram analisados no pacote estatístico SPSS versão 20. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva com nível de significância de 5%. A pesquisa identificou uma frequência de 7 (16,3%) pessoas com TMC. Os itens do instrumento com maiores afirmações positivas foram: Falta de apetite; sente-se nervoso, tenso ou preocupado; cansa-se com facilidade; dor de cabeça frequente; assusta-se com facilidade, tem sensações desagradáveis no estômago. A maioria era do sexo masculino (40- 93%), casado (28 – 65,1%), cultivava arroz (13 – 30,2%) e trabalhava com pesca (7 – 16,3%). Esta pesquisa identificou um considerável número de pessoas com TMC, onde os itens do instrumento utilizado apontam para a necessidade de se promover um cuidado voltado aos sinais e sintomas de ansiedade que podem estar presentes nessa comunidade. Dessa forma, este estudo pode oferecer subsídios para a adoção de políticas públicas de promoção da saúde e melhoria da qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores de agricultura familiar.

Patience and climate change mitigation: Global evidence

Complex policy problems such as climate mitigation have an economic, political, and social dimension. We focus on one of the social dimensions of climate change mitigation: the link between society-wide patience (future orientation) and adoption of public policies to combat global greenhouse gas emissions. Theoretically, future-oriented societies are more likely to accept current costs in exchange for long-run benefits posed by climate change mitigation than impatient (present-oriented) ones, cooperate in efforts to combat climate change, and support future-oriented governments. We evaluate this claim using evidence from a cross-section of countries. Controlling for other theoretically relevant factors, we find that patient societies are more likely to adopt public policies to mitigate climate change.