Adolescent Leisure Research Articles

Leisure experience and mobile phone addiction: Evidence from Chinese adolescents

BackgroundDuring the Covid-19 pandemic, online learning became the mainstream because of many restrictions on interpersonal relationships. Children spent more and more time using mobile phones, which also aroused public concern.In past research on the prevention of problematic mobile phone use, it was easy to neglect meaningful part of leisure. Hence, based on Davis's cognitive-behavioral model, this study was designed to verify how leisure experience influences mobile phone addiction through maladaptive cognition, which received little attention before. MethodsBy convenient sampling method, it involved a sample of 1007 middle school students recruited from Northern China. We used adolescent leisure experience questionnaire, maladaptive cognition scale and mobile phone addiction scale to measure adolescents' leisure experience, maladaptive cognition and mobile phone addiction respectively. ResultsThe findings revealed that leisure experience was negatively correlated with maladaptive cognition (r = −0.21, p < 0.01) and mobile phone addiction (r = −0.20, p < 0.01) respectively. Maladaptive cognition was positively correlated with mobile phone addiction (r = 0.51, p < 0.01). Given gender, age and family economic conditions, the negative predictive effect of leisure experience on mobile phone addiction was significant (β = −0.18，p < 0.001). Besides, the process by which leisure experience predicted mobile phone addiction through maladaptive cognition was significant, indirect effect = −0.10, SE = 0.02, 95 % CI = [−0.13, −0.07]. ConclusionsAdolescents’ great leisure experience has a positive impact on mobile phone addiction, which can be achieved by reducing maladaptive cognition. Therefore，it is significant to improve their leisure experience and guide them to perceive their irrational beliefs in leisure and rethink offline leisure and real life from more positive views.

Validity and Reliability of the Persian Adolescent Leisure Interest Profile in Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the psy-chometric properties of a Persian version of the Adolescent Leisure Interest Profile (ALIP) in Persian-speaking adolescents with Cerebral Palsy (CP).&#x0D; Methods: Thirty adolescents with CP participated. The test-retest reliability, construct validity of the ALIP with the Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE), and discriminative validity were examined.&#x0D; Results: There were no floor and ceiling effects. Test-retest reliability of the Persian version of the ALIP for the total scores ranged from 0.69-0.94. Cronbach alpha for internal consistency of the Persian ALIP was obtained 0.98. Evidence for construct validity was found with significant correlations between the ALIP and the CAPE domains (r=-0.45-0.69). The standard error of measurement and the smallest detectable change values were 0.08-8.22 and 0.22-22.87, respectively.&#x0D; Conclusion: The Persian version of the Adolescent Leisure Interest Profile is a useful tool for measuring leisure activities in Persian-speaking adolescents with CP.

Weekday and weekend physical activity patterns and their correlates among young adults.

Accelerometers enable assessment of within and between day variation in physical activity. The main aim was to examine weekday and weekend physical activity patterns among young adults. Additionally, correlates of the physical activity patterns were examined. Overall 325 adults (mean age 26.0 years, standard deviation 0.03) from the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project used a wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometer continuously for 1 week. Physical activity patterns over weekdays and weekends were identified by using the group-based trajectory modeling. Adolescent leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and sociodemographic characteristics (sex, marital and family status, education, work status, occupation, and health consciousness) were examined as possible correlates of physical activity patterns using multinomial regression analysis. Five patterns were identified: consistently low activity (45%), active on weekday evenings and weekends (32%), consistently moderate activity (11%), active on weekdays (7%), and consistently high activity (5%). Low adolescent LTPA was associated with consistently low activity pattern in young adulthood. Women were more likely than men to belong in the more physically active groups (all other groups except active on weekdays, odds ratios between 2.26 and 6.17). Those in the active on weekdays group had lower education, were more often in the working life and in manual occupations than those in the consistently low activity group. Marked heterogeneity in physical activity patterns across the week was observed among young adults. Especially history of physical activity, sex, education, work status, and occupation were associated with different physical activity patterns.

Adolescent leisure reading and its longitudinal association with prosocial behavior and social adjustment

Reading is a popular leisure activity for children, teenagers, and adults. Several theories agree that reading might improve social cognition, but the empirical evidence remains tentative, with research on adolescents especially lacking. We employed a very large, and nationally representative, longitudinal dataset from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) in Germany to examine this hypothesis. Specifically, we tested whether reading prospectively predicted future self-reported prosocial behavior and social adjustment in adolescents, controlling for a number of covariates. Two-way cross-lagged panel analyses probed the longitudinal relationship between leisure reading and these social outcomes from Grade 6 to Grade 9. In addition, we examined the effect of cumulative reading experience across Grades 5–8 on future social outcomes, using structural equation modeling. We also explored the unique contributions of cumulative reading experience in different literary genres (classic literature, popular literature, nonfiction, comic books). Cumulative reading in general did not predict future prosocial behavior and social adjustment. However, cumulative reading of modern classic literature was positively associated with later prosocial behavior and social adjustment.Protocol registrationThe stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 08 November 2021. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/KSWY7.

Understanding the Role of Leisure in Portuguese Adolescent Wellbeing Experience

Because adolescent leisure is important to development, we consider its role in Portuguese adolescent wellbeing. Data for this study came from 303 adolescents in grades 10, 11, and 12 living in a large urban area in northern Portugal. Self-report data were collected in classrooms using a cross-sectional design in two urban high schools. Hypothesis testing used seven hierarchical linear regression models. Except for subjective happiness, experiencing boredom in leisure and/or the ability to make a boring situation more interesting were strong predictors of each wellbeing experience in the predicted direction. Perceptions of healthy leisure were associated with higher levels of life satisfaction, subjective happiness, self-esteem, and positive affect. Active leisure was important to adolescent self efficacy and positive affect. Those who could restructure a boring situation into something more interesting exhibited higher levels of wellbeing experience. Adolescents who perceived parental autonomy control were more likely to experience boredom in leisure.

평생학습사회에서 청소년의 여가활동성향, 여가지원환경, 자율성이 자기주도적 학습태도에 미치는 영향

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to verify the structural relationships among leisure time activity, leisure environment, autonomy, and a self-directed learning attitude. Considering leisure activity should not be understood separately from learning activity in adolescents’ lives, it is necessary to explore leisure activity-related variables to promote adolescents' self-directed learning attitudes. Methods: Structural equation modeling was conducted using the data of 924 high school students who responded to the survey on adolescents’ play and sport activity by the National Youth Policy Institute. Results: The findings of this study were as follows. First, leisure time activity positively affected autonomy, but leisure environment didn’t. Second, both the leisure environment and autonomy positively affected the self-directed learning attitude, but leisure time activity didn’t affect the self-directed learning attitude. Finally, results of mediation analyses showed that autonomy fully mediated the relationship between leisure time activity and self-directed learning attitude. Conclusion: This research is expected to draw the implications necessary for encouraging adolescents' autonomy and self-directed learning attitude, by reconfirming the value of adolescent leisure activity. Results were interpreted and implications to adolescent education were included at the end of research.

Adolescent Leisure Participation Patterns and Analysis of Difference Between Subjective Well-Being and Happiness by Type Using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA)

Adolescent Leisure Participation Patterns and Analysis of Difference Between Subjective Well-Being and Happiness by Type Using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA)

The Influence of Motivation, Attitudes and Obstacles for Middle School Students' Participation in Leisure Activities on Their Leisure Satisfaction in Southwest China.

Purpose: To explore the relationship among leisure motivation, barriers, attitude and satisfaction of middle school students in Chengdu, Sichuan, to help students establish a positive leisure attitude and provide a reference for youth leisure counseling.Methods: Based on consulting research literature, this paper designs a survey volume of teenagers’ leisure motivation, barriers, attitude, and satisfaction; 2249 valid questionnaires of middle school students in Chengdu were obtained by stratified random sampling. The data were statistically processed by the combination of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).Results: (1) There are significant positive correlation effects between leisure motivation and leisure attitude, leisure attitude and leisure satisfaction, and leisure motivation and leisure satisfaction; (2) There is a low degree of positive correlation effect (r = 0.35 *) between leisure barriers and leisure motivation, which is contrary to common sense and needs to be further studied in the follow-up; (3) Leisure barriers has no significant direct impact on leisure satisfaction, but it can have a significant negative impact on leisure satisfaction with the intermediary variable of leisure attitude; (4) Leisure motivation is the most important variable in the whole leisure model structure. It not only has the greatest direct impact on leisure satisfaction but also has a great positive impact on leisure satisfaction through the intermediary of leisure attitude.Conclusion: Adolescent leisure motivation, barriers, attitude, and satisfaction are complementary and interdependent. Among them, leisure motivation is the core variable and leisure attitude is the dual intermediary variable. Through the initiation of leisure motivation, helping adolescents establish a positive leisure attitude may be the key to ensure their leisure satisfaction.

Leisure Time &amp; Risk Sexual Behaviour - Croatian adolescents’ perspective

The project ‘Quality of leisure time as a protective factor for the development of behavioural problems' aims to investigate the influence of structured leisure time on mitigating adolescents' involvement in risk behaviours. Leisure can be a powerful context for positive youth development, but it can also be a context for youth engagement in risk behaviours. Therefore, the research question is: How does participation in structured leisure time activities influence risk sexual behaviour from the perspective of Croatian high school students? The sample consists of a total population of high school students from one county in Croatia (2,977 students, from 9 high schools). The age of the participants ranged from 14 to 20 years (51% female). The following questionnaires were used: (1) Adolescent Leisure Time Questionnaire; (2) Youth Experience Survey; (3) Risk Sexual Behaviour of Adolescents Questionnaire. Preliminary data show that 57% of adolescents currently participate in structured leisure activities. Before the pandemic COVID 19, 23% of adolescents participated in structured leisure activities twice a week, while during the pandemic COVID 19, only 15% did. Moreover, 35% of adolescents did not participate in structured leisure activities during the pandemic because they were anxious. Regarding risk sexual behaviours, 29% of adolescents had sexual intercourse, and of those 16% reported having experienced it before the age of 14. Unprotected sexual intercourse in the past 6 months under the influence of alcohol was reported by 15%, and under the influence of cannabis by 6% of adolescents. In presenting this work, the influence of structured leisure time activities on adolescents' risk sexual behaviour will be emphasized. The broader perspective and understanding of adolescents' leisure time and how it influences adolescent's behaviour and/or developmental outcomes is important for planning evidence-based strategies and interventions in the field of prevention science.Key messages The findings of this study can be an important resource for evidence-based intervention planning aimed at promoting positive youth development/prevention of youth risk behaviours.It is important to focus on creating opportunities in the community for quality leisure time use and educating key stakeholders about the importance of investing in quality leisure for youth.

Gender-Based Violence and Alcohol Consumption in Youth Leisure Contexts: Challenges for Spanish Social Work

Adolescent leisure contexts in which alcohol are abused have undergone changes in recent decades, with the incorporation of girls/women to more intensive forms of consumption and with new forms of gender-based violence becoming more visible. This article studies the gender differences in the use and enjoyment of time in leisure contexts, the differences in the consumption of alcohol, and the vulnerabilities to which girls/women are subjected to in order to create proposals for Spanish social work intervention. We present empirical data from a qualitative study in which a sample of students from southern Spain have been interviewed in depth with the aim of establishing the connections between alcohol use and abuse and the instances of gender violence that occur in leisure contexts. Our final objective is to reflect upon and make innovative proposals for the role of Spanish professional social workers in prevention and intervention with young alcohol users and in the gender violence that is produced in the spaces of consumption.

Czas wolny nastolatków w perspektywie teorii socjologicznej

This article is an attempt to redefine the concept of free time in such a way as to take into account the nuances of the social determinants of adolescent leisure. Classic definitions of leisure have emphasized its disinterestedness, voluntary nature, and unproductiveness. Later researchers indicated that the issue was more complex. How people spend their free time is a derivative of their social position and cultural, social, and symbolic capital, and is also often a component of a chosen lifestyle or an element of identity. It is currently believed that how a person spends free time is also influenced by the individual’s gender, age, origin, and physical predisposition. In regard to youth leisure, the disappearance of clear divisions between work and rest time seems to be extremely important, especially in two areas: participation in extracurricular activities, and the huge role of smartphones and the Internet in the lives of young people, along with the associated “prosumption,” unregulated financial issues (making money online), and many other phenomena.

청소년의 적극적 여가활동 접근성과 몰입: 다층적 시간 가용성을 중심으로

본 연구는 우리사회 청소년들의 적극적 여가활동을 권장하고 활성화시키기 위한 실마리로서, 여가활동 접근성과 몰입의 관계를 탐색하였다. 여가활동의 접근성은 현대사회의 시간체계 배분과 공공 서비스 접근성에 관한 이론적 논의를 통해, 청소년이 여가활동을 선택·유지하기 위한 전제조건인 ‘개인적인 시간 가용성’과 활동에 참여하는 또래들의 ‘집단적인 시간 가용성’, 그리고 활동이 발현되는 기관이나 시설의 ‘구조적인 시간 가용성’으로 개념화하였다. 이러한 연구문제를 분석하기 위해, 본 연구는 서울시 청소년 수련시설 19개소와 해당 시설에서 활동 중인 75개 청소년여가활동 집단, 해당 집단들에 소속된 317명의 청소년을 대상으로 실시한 자기기입식 설문조사와, 수련시설의 이용자 수 및 개방 공간에 관한 공개운영정보 등을 활용하였다. 이는 시간 가용성이 가진 다층적인 성격을 고려하기 위함이었다. 전술한 자료들은 위계선형모형을 통해 분석되었다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년이 ‘자신의 삶 속에서 여가활동을 위해 시간을 자유롭게 할애할 수 있는 수준’인 개인적 차원의 시간 가용성이 높을수록 청소년들의 몰입 수준이 높았다. 둘째, ‘해당 여가활동이 발현되는 수련시설 공간 이용의 자유로움’을 뜻하는 구조적 차원의 시간 가용성이 높을수록 청소년들의 몰입 수준이 높았다. 본 연구는 상기의 연구결과를 바탕으로 청소년의 적극적 여가활동 활성화를 위한 정책적, 실천적 함의와 제언을 논하였다.

Profiles of adolescent leisure motivation and substance use in the HealthWise South Africa research trial: a person-centered approach

Engaging in intrinsically motivated behaviors, both within and outside of the leisure context, is associated with well-being. However, individuals can be driven by multiple types of motivation simultaneously, and the impact of constellations of leisure motivation is relatively unknown. The current study uses South African adolescents in the HealthWise South Africa efficacy trial (N = 2,204; Mage =14.0) to identify profiles of leisure motivation, examine the association between profiles and substance use, and evaluate the impact of HealthWise on changes in motivation profiles over time. Results indicate three distinct profiles: high consistent motivation, low consistent motivation, and high intrinsic motivation. Members of the high intrinsic profile had the lowest odds of substance use. Profiles were fairly stable across all time points except for females in a high-training intervention school. Results illustrate the importance of identifying and understanding typologies of leisure motivation and health across time, which can be used to promote positive development in adolescents.

Facilitadores para a prática de atividade física no lazer em adolescentes

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; O objetivo do estudo foi identificar os facilitadores para a prática de atividade física no lazer em adolescentes do ensino médio de São José dos Pinhais (PR). Foi realizada a técnica de grupos focais, da pesquisa qualitativa, seguindo um roteiro semiestruturado, com adolescentes de 14 a 17 anos de idade (50% do sexo feminino, média de idade de 15,5 ±1,5) de escolas públicas e privadas. Ao total foram realizados 12 grupos focais, sendo metade para cada sexo e tendo adolescentes ativos e inativos fisicamente. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizado a análise de conteúdo e a estatística descritiva para contabilizar os relatos. Os resultados foram analisados separadamente por tipo de escola e sexo. Os facilitadores mais relatados foram: apoio social dos amigos (12,2%), apoio social dos pais (11,7%), ter habilidades (11,1%), educação física trabalhar as habilidades motoras e físicas (10,3%) e praticar atividade física no contraturno das aulas (7,6%). Para maximizar os níveis de atividade física no lazer em adolescentes, deve-se levar em consideração os facilitadores encontrados nesse estudo, que dizem respeito ao apoio social e a prática efetivamente, seja ela para o aprendizado de habilidades motoras e físicas, ou para o aprimoramento, tanto nas aulas de educação física escolar quanto nas atividades físicas no contraturno.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Adolescent Leisure Satisfaction according to the Type of Leisure Companions:Longitudinal Study of the 3-year Korea Youth Panel Survey Data

Adolescent Leisure Satisfaction according to the Type of Leisure Companions:Longitudinal Study of the 3-year Korea Youth Panel Survey Data

Individual and School Correlates of Adolescent Leisure Time Physical Activity in Quebec, Canada.

Background: Leisure time physical activity (LTPA) correlates have been mostly studied in relation to adolescents’ home neighbourhoods, but not so much in relation to the environment of their schools’ neighbourhoods. We sought to investigate how objective environmental measures of the schools’ vicinity are related to adolescents’ self-reported LTPA. Methods: Individual data from the Quebec High School Students Health Survey (QHSSHS) were matched with schools’ socioeconomic indicators, as well as geographic information system-based indicators of their built environments. Self-reported levels of LTPA during the school year were assessed according to intensity, frequency and index of energy expenditure. Associations per gender between covariates and LTPA were estimated using ordinal multilevel regression with multiple imputations. Results: Boys (21% of which were highly active) were more active than girls (16% of which were highly active) (p ≤ 0.01). The incremental variance between schools explained by the contextual variables in the final models was higher among girls (7.8%) than boys (2.8%). The number of parks or green spaces within 750 m around their schools was positively associated with student LTPA in both genders. Conclusions: The promotion of parks around schools seems to be an avenue to be strengthened.

“I Like My Peeps”: Diversifying the Net Generation's Digital Leisure

ABSTRACTThe current generation of adolescents is the first to have grown up with the widespread use of the internet as part of their everyday lives; they are the Net Generation. To diversify existing research on this generation's digital practices, this study explored the intersectional experiences of diverse immigrant adolescent girls' digital leisure. Conversational interviews with nine girls revealed that they encountered numerous interpersonal leisure constraints following their immigration to Canada. Within their digital leisure, girls were able to negotiate these constraints through online connections with family and friends back home, Canadian friends, and the global village. These online connections facilitated an expansion of social boundaries and communication with both familiar and broad networks to maintain and develop relationships, pursue interests, share culture, and resist limiting gendered norms with the unparalleled interactivity and sociability of digital leisure.

Estilo de vida y rendimiento académico en adolescentes: comparación entre deportistas y no-deportistas (Lifestyle and academic performance in adolescents: comparison between athletes and non-athletes)

Con esta investigación se quiso esclarecer algunas dudas respecto al uso que hacen del tiempo libre los sujetos deportistas adolescentes en comparación con sus iguales no-deportistas y de qué forma podía influir esto en su rendimiento académico. La muestra estaba formada por 313 sujetos adolescentes de 3º y 4º de ESO, 181 hombres y 132 mujeres, de 12 Centros de Castellón de la Plana; 124 eran deportistas y 189 no-deportistas. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron los cuestionarios CHTE (Cuestionario de Hábitos y Técnicas de Estudio), PFYTL (Práctica Física Y uso del Tiempo Libre). Las variables analizadas fueron el rendimiento académico, los hábitos de estudio, el ocio sedentario y el sueño. Los principales resultados muestran que los sujetos deportistas tienen mejor rendimiento académico, mejores hábitos de estudio y dedican menos tiempo al ocio sedentario; además, dentro de los hábitos de estudio, los sujetos deportistas planifican mejor su tiempo libre y presentan mejor actitud frente a los estudios.Palabras clave. deportistas; adolescencia; rendimiento académico; estilo de vida; competición.Abstract. In this research we wanted to clear some doubts about the use of adolescent athletes’s leisure in comparison with non-athletes, and how it could influence in their academic performance. The sample consisted of 313 adolescent subjects from 3rd and 4th ESO grade, 181 men and 132 women, from 12 Secondary Schools; 124 were athletes and 189 non-athletes. The instruments used were questionnaires CHTE (habits and study skills) and PFYTL (physical practice and use of leisure). The variables analyzed were academic performance, study habits, sedentary leisure and sleep. The main results showed that athletes had better academic performance, better study habits and spent less time in sedentary leisure than non-athletes. In addition, related to study habits, athletes had a better attitude and a better study planning than non-athletes.Keywords: athletes; adolescence; academic performance; lifestyle; competition

Genetic and environmental influences on the allocation of adolescent leisure time activities.

There is a growing recognition of the importance of the out-of-school activities in which adolescents choose to participate. Youth activities vary widely in terms of specific activities and in time devoted to them but can generally be grouped by the type and total duration spent per type. We collected leisure time information using a 17-item leisure time questionnaire in a large sample of same- and opposite-sex adolescent twin pairs (N = 2847). Using both univariate and multivariate genetic models, we sought to determine the type and magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on the allocation of time toward different leisure times. Results indicated that both genetic and shared and nonshared environmental influences were important contributors to individual differences in physical, social, intellectual, family, and passive activities such as watching television. The magnitude of these influences differed between males and females. Environmental influences were the primary factors contributing to the covariation of different leisure time activities. Our results suggest the importance of heritable influences on the allocation of leisure time activity by adolescents and highlight the importance of environmental experiences in these choices.

Exploring the Positive Peer and Identity Experiences Occurring in Australian Adolescents' Leisure Activities

This study compared the degree to which social networking sites and structured extracurricular activities provided adolescents with positive developmental experiences. Given the relatively unique nature of social networking sites as a leisure context for adolescents, and the extremely fast rate at which this leisure activity has been adopted by the majority of youth in countries where the technology is easily accessible, it is important that research explores how this leisure context compares to more traditional extracurricular activities. Adolescents from eight high schools across the state of Western Australia were surveyed. The results showed that traditional structured leisure activities (e.g., sport, art) provided adolescents with more experiences of identity exploration and reflection and positive peer interactions than social networking site use. Further analysis compared differences within social networking site use and found that both the frequency with which an adolescent visited their social networking site, and the degree of investment they had in their social networking site, positively predicted greater experiences of identity exploration and reflection and positive peer interactions. Though social networking sites are a popular adolescent leisure activity, they do not provide the same level of positive developmental experiences that are afforded through adolescent participation in traditional structured extracurricular activities.