Admissible Conditions Research Articles

On the private and social incentives to adopt environmentally and socially responsible practices in a monopoly industry

This paper studies the incentives to adopt Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility (ECSR) in a multiproduct monopoly. In our framework, products are horizontally differentiated, production is polluting and a time-consistent government levies a tax on emissions. The ECSR monopolist may invest in R&D activities to reduce polluting emissions, while emission-reducing innovation may spillover from one product to the other. We show that the monopolist has no incentive to engage in ECSR, unless a regulatory measure is introduced. By contrast, a time consistent tax induces the adoption of a ECSR statute. Under admissible parameter conditions, profits are concave and single-peaked in the ECSR intensity. Finally, ECSR monotonically increases social welfare, by raising consumer surplus and curbing environmental damage.

Security‐based fault detection filtering design for fuzzy singular semi‐Markovian jump systems via improved dynamic event‐triggering and quantization protocols

SummaryThis article concerns the problem of event‐protocol‐based asynchronous fault detection filtering design for discrete‐time fuzzy singular semi‐Markovian jump systems subjected to system parameters uncertainties, unmatched one‐sided Lipschitz nonlinearities and multi‐cyber‐attacks. First, a well‐designed model structure is proposed to integrate two dynamic quantizers and an improved dynamic event‐triggered protocol into a unified framework to reduce the amount of data in the network transmission and rationalize the use of limited network communication bandwidth resources. Especially, the event‐triggering threshold parameter can be continuously adjusted over the time based on the fluctuation of the network signal. Second, a novel triple‐cyber‐attacks platform is established, of which including random deception attacks, random replay attacks and aperiodic DoS attacks. And with help of the extended decoupling strategy and iterative techniques, the co‐design conditions of the stochastic admissibility with a level of performance are derived for the fault filtering error systems. Finally, two examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm.

Two-player zero-sum game based neural critic tracking control for UAUV with unknown disturbance via backstepping method

In this work, a new tracking control scheme is developed for underactuated autonomous underwater vehicle(UAUV) with unknown disturbance. First, an error tracking system is constructed using backstepping method, which transforms the tracking control problem into the two-player zero-sum game problem. One player is the optimal controller which is designed to make the UAUV track the desired trajectory. The other player is the unknown disturbance that represent the overall damping effect of the UAUV. Then, the single critic network based online policy iteration algorithm is designed to get the optimal control law and the worst-case disturbance, which can achieve the near-optimal control performance and relax the requirements for initial admissible control conditions. In order to improve the converge velocity of tracking error, the weight update law are designed. Furthermore, a discount coefficient is introduced into the performance index due to the nonlinearity and the complexity of UAUV. In addition, the stability of the UAUV is analyzed based on the Lyapunov stability theory the system is guaranteed to be uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through the real-time simulations on the UAUV model.

Ultimate Load-Bearing Capacity of Rigid Two-Way Pavements Placed on Geosynthetic-Supported Soil Embankment

This study investigates the ultimate load-bearing capacity of rigid two-way concrete pavements placed on conventional and reinforced soil embankments using upper-bound limit analysis (UBLA). In the presence of the median strip, upper-bound solutions of rigid pavements resting on reinforced embankments did not draw much attention from previous researchers. Therefore, a rigorous UBLA is performed, adopting the multi-block failure mechanism for the intended purpose. The true upper-bound solution is achieved by satisfying the conditions of geometric compatibility and kinematic admissibility. The effects of the proximity of dual carriageways and embankment slopes on the load-bearing capacity of pavements are expressed in relation to interaction factors. The critical spacing beyond which the proximity effect ceases to exist is estimated for different slope angles of the embankment. A parametric investigation is performed to understand the influence of various soil parameters, embankment geometry, and layers of reinforcement. A notable improvement in the performance of two closely spaced rigid pavements can be observed by providing additional layers of reinforcement. The current outcomes are sensible and match well with the existing investigations.

Probabilistic analysis of width‐limited 3D slope in spatially variable soils: UBLA enhanced with efficiency‐improved discretization of horn‐like failure mechanism

AbstractReliability analysis of earth slopes considering soil spatial variability has garnered significant attention from researchers. However, previous studies have predominantly focused on long slopes with infinite or ample width, such as dams and subgrades, but rare research was dedicated to slopes with width restricted by boundary constraints. In this regard, this paper proposes an efficient reliability framework suitable for width‐limited slopes in spatially variable soils. The proposed framework employed spatial discretization‐based upper bound limit analysis (UBLA) to conduct the deterministic slope stability analysis. The established failure mechanism can well capture the width‐limited three‐dimensional slip surface characteristics and satisfies the kinematically admissible conditions in spatially variable soils. Two innovative strategies are proposed to boost the efficiency of the discretized mechanism. They reduce the computational time to determine safety factors from over 20 min to less than 2 min. For the uncertainty modeling and slope reliability computing procedure, the Sparse Polynomial Chaos Expansion (SPCE) and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) methods are combined to generate the distribution of safety factors and failure probabilities. This combination addresses the high‐dimensional stochastic problem arising from 3D spatial variability. Using the proposed framework, a parametric analysis of a 3D spatially variable slope is conducted to investigate the impact of various factors. The findings of this paper are beneficial to the risk evolution of width‐limited slopes, and the efficiency enhancement strategies have the potential to expedite the limit analysis of other geo‐structures, such as tunnels, retaining walls, and foundations.

Thermophoresis and uniform flow in rarefied polyatomic gases: The role of constitutive relations and boundary conditions

Recently, Rana and Barve [“A second-order constitutive theory for polyatomic gases: Theory and applications,” J. Fluid Mech. 958, A23 (2023)] developed a second-order coupled constitutive relations (CCR) for polyatomic gases that include quadratic nonlinearities in the entropy flux and apply the second law. However, in that work, the boundary conditions were heuristically obtained to match the drag coefficient on a sphere and may not be accurate in situations where thermal transpiration and thermal stress are significant factors, as indicated by their asymptotic analysis. This article presents a systematic approach for deriving thermodynamically admissible boundary conditions for the CCR model. We also propose a set of higher-order boundary conditions based on an asymptotic analysis of the solutions for drag on flow past a sphere and thermophoretic drag. The goal of deriving these boundary conditions is to improve the accuracy of the CCR model when applied to external flows, such as slow flow past particles and thermophoretic motion of a spherical particle and doublet. The results of the study demonstrate that the combination of the newly derived boundary conditions in conjunction with the CCR equations shows excellent agreement with both theoretical predictions and experimental data over a wide range of Knudsen numbers. The study suggests that the approach presented in this article can be used to improve the accuracy of the CCR model in a variety of external flow applications.

An isogeometric collocation method for the static limit analysis of masonry domes under their self-weight

A novel isogeometric collocation method is proposed for the static limit analysis of axially-symmetric masonry domes subject to their self-weight. A shell-based static formulation is employed, alongside Heyman’s assumptions on masonry, to characterize the equilibrated and statically admissible stress states in the dome. As a distinctive feature of the approach, a vector stress function is introduced, generating point-wise self-equilibrated shell stress resultants in the dome. Accordingly, the classical minimum-thrust problem is formulated in terms of the unknown vector stress function, and the static admissibility conditions are enforced as the only optimization constraint. NURBS-based isogeometric analysis is adopted to accomplish the need for an accurate geometric description of the dome and a high-order continuous interpolation of the vector stress function. A discrete minimum-thrust problem is derived as a linear programming problem, with the static admissibility conditions checked at suitable collocation points. Instrumental to its solution is the computation of a particular solution of the equilibrium equations, which is obtained by an isogeometric collocation method. By a mechanical interpretation of the dual optimization problem, the settlement mechanism of the dome corresponding to its minimum-thrust state is also computed. Numerical results, dealing with a thorough convergence analysis, parametric analyses on spherical and ogival domes with parameterized geometry, and the real case of the Taj Mahal central dome are presented to prove the computational merit of the proposed approach.

Stability analysis of sampled-data control systems with input saturation: A hybrid system approach

This work addresses the stability analysis of sampled-data control systems subject to variable sampling intervals and input saturation. From a hybrid system representation, stability conditions based on quadratic timer-dependent Lyapunov functions are proposed. Considering affine and generic polynomial timer-dependence, these conditions are cast in semidefinite and sum-of-squares optimization problems to provide maximized estimates of the region of attraction or to provide a lower bound for the maximum allowable intersampling time considering a given set of admissible initial conditions.

Fusion Model for Tentative Diagnosis Inference Based on Clinical Narratives

In general, physicians make a preliminary diagnosis based on patients' admission narratives and admission conditions, largely depending on their experiences and professional knowledge. An automatic and accurate tentative diagnosis based on clinical narratives would be of great importance to physicians, particularly in the shortage of medical resources. Despite its great value, little work has been conducted on this diagnosis method. Thus, in this study, we propose a fusion model that integrates the semantic and symptom features contained in the clinical text. The semantic features of the input text are initially captured by an attention-based Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) network. The symptom concepts, recognized from the input text, are then vectorized by using the term frequency-inverse document frequency method based on the relations between symptoms and diseases. Finally, two fusion strategies are utilized to recommend the most potential candidate for the international classification of diseases code. Model training and evaluation are performed on a public clinical dataset. The results show that both fusion strategies achieved a promising performance, in which the best performance obtained a top-3 accuracy of 0.7412.

A clinical study on the surgical treatment of simple multiple rib fractures in older adult patients.

The treatment of simple rib fractures in older adults can be divided into surgical treatment and nonsurgical treatment, with indications for surgery presently being unclear. This study was conducted to determine whether older adult individuals with simple multiple rib fractures can benefit from surgical treatment. A single-center, retrospective study was conducted. All 880 registry-identified patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to Beijing Jishuitan Hospital with blunt rib fractures between 2013 to 2020 were included. They were divided into 2 groups according to whether internal fixation was performed. After screening of inclusion and exclusion criteria and propensity score matching, there were 226 patients, 113 of whom were placed in the operation group and 113 in the nonoperation group. The demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, number of rib fractures, hospital stay, intensive care unit (ICU) hospital stay, mechanical ventilation duration, fracture comorbidities on admission, pain index, and fracture healing condition were analyzed using chi-squared test and independent samples t test. The pain score and fracture healing time were significantly improved in the operation group (P<0.05), while the duration of painkiller use was significantly shorter in the operation group (P=0.009). However, there was no significant differences in mortality, the incidence of bone nonunion, length of stay in the ICU, or duration of mechanical ventilation between the 2 groups. For patients in the clinical study, internal fixation surgery could reduce fracture healing time and minimize the use of painkillers. Surgical treatment was determined to be safe, as it did not increase the mortality of the older adult patients. For older patients with simple rib fractures who have no contraindications to surgery, internal fixation surgery is recommended.

Associations between Delayed Introduction of Complementary Foods and Childhood Health Consequences in Exclusively Breastfed Children.

The timing of complementary food (CF) introduction is closely related to childhood health, and it may vary depending on the region, culture, feeding type, or health condition. Despite numerous studies on the benefits of breastfeeding and the optimal timing of CF introduction, there have been limited investigations regarding delayed CF introduction in exclusively breastfed children. We compared an exposed group (CF introduction ≥7 months) with a reference group (CF introduction at 4 -< 7 months) regarding hospital admission, disease burden, and growth until age 10. Data from a nationwide population-based cohort study involving children born between 2008 and 2012 in the South Korea were analyzed. The final cohort comprised 206,248 children (165,925 in the exposed group and 40,323 in the reference group). Inverse probability of treatment weighting with propensity score matching was used to balance baseline health characteristics in the comparison groups. We estimated the incident risk ratios (IRR) for outcomes using modified Poisson regression and weighted odds ratios (weighted ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multinomial logistic regression. The exposed group was associated with low height-for-age z-score (HAZ) (IRR (95% CI) for -1.64 < HAZ ≤ -1.03: 1.11 (1.08 to 1.14); HAZ ≤ -1.64: 1.21 (1.14 to 1.27)) and frequent (≥6 events) hospitalizations (weighted OR 1.18 (1.09 to 1.29). The rates of hospital admission, death, and specific medical conditions did not differ between groups. However, delaying the introduction of CF until seven months in exclusively breastfed infants was associated with frequent hospitalization events and lower heights.

Alternate Admissibility LMI Criteria for Descriptor Fractional Order Systems with 0 &lt; α &lt; 2

The paper focuses on the admissibility problem of descriptor fractional-order systems (DFOSs). The alternate admissibility criteria are addressed for DFOSs with order in (0,2) which involve a non-strict linear matrix inequality (LMI) method and a strict LMI method, respectively. The forms of non-strict and strict LMIs are brand new and distinguished with the existing literature, which fills the gaps of studies for admissibility. These necessary and sufficient conditions of admissibility are available to the order in (0,2) without separating the order ranges into (0,1) and [1,2). Based on the special position of singular matrix, the non-strict LMI criterion has an advantage in handling the DFOSs with uncertain derivative matrices. For the strict LMI form, a method involving least real decision variables is derived which is more convenient to process the practical solution. Three numerical examples are given to illustrate the validity of the proposed results.

Mixed Dissipativity Control and Disturbance Rejection for Singular Systems

In this study, for a linear singular system, the dissipativity and disturbance-rejection problems are considered simultaneously. An improved equivalent-input-disturbance (IEID) method has shown good disturbance-rejection performance for linear systems. Therefore, the objective of this study is to obtain a satisfactory disturbance-rejection performance and dissipativity performance level based on the IEID method for singular systems. First, the influence of exogenous disturbances on the system is estimated based on the IEID method. The estimate is added to the control input channel to offset this influence. A necessary and sufficient condition is obtained to ensure that the singular system is admissible and satisfies dissipativity performance level. Subsequently, a state-feedback controller is designed based on the admissibility condition. Finally, a numerical example is used to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.

Distributed control of time-delay interconnected nonlinear systems

This paper addresses the distributed control of delayed interconnected nonlinear systems with time-varying delays in both the local subsystems’ dynamics and the physical interconnections among the subsystems. The Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model with nonlinear consequent parts (N-TS), which is capable to provide less complex representations than standard T–S fuzzy models, is considered to efficiently deal with this class of complex systems. Then, based on Lyapunov–Krasovskii stability arguments, a synthesis condition is proposed to design a distributed control law such that the origin of the closed-loop interconnected system is locally asymptotically stable together with a guaranteed set of admissible initial conditions for which the validity of the N-TS fuzzy model is ensured. Moreover, a quasi-convex optimization procedure is formulated to enlarge the set of admissible initial conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed synthesis condition is validated in two numerical examples, including an interconnected power network with seven generators.

Novel admissibility and robust stabilization conditions for fractional‐order singular systems with polytopic uncertainties

AbstractThis paper considers the issues of the admissibility and robust stabilization of fractional‐order singular systems with polytopic uncertainties and fractional‐order and . Firstly, the novel admissibility conditions for nominal fractional‐order singular systems are proposed with no conservatism and without any equalities or nonstrict inequalities. Secondly, the robust admissibility conditions for fractional‐order singular systems with polytopic uncertainties are given based on the admissibility conditions for nominal fractional‐order singular systems. Thirdly, to make the uncertain fractional‐order singular systems robustly admissible, the methods of designing the static output feedback controllers are obtained with wider application scope, which are direct, concise, and more relaxed compared with the existing results. All the results are proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, three illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the results.

STABILIZATION OF DISCRETE-TIME SYSTEMS WITH STATE-DELAYS AND SATURATING CONTROL INPUTS

Context. The presence of time delays occurs in many complex dynamical systems, particularly in the areas of modern communication and information technologies, such as the problem of stabilizing networked control systems and high-speed communication networks. In many cases, time-delays lead to a decrease in the efficiency of such systems and even to the loss of stability. In the last decade, many interesting solutions using the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional have been proposed for stability analysis and synthesis of a stabilizing regulator for discrete-time dynamic systems with unknown but bounded state-delays. The presence of nonlinear constraints on the amplitude of controls such as saturation further complicates this problem and requires the development of new approaches and methods.&#x0D; Objective. The purpose of this study is to develop a procedure for calculating the control gain matrix of state feedback that ensures the asymptotic stability of the analyzed system, as well as a procedure for calculating the maximum permissible value of the state-delay under which the stability of the closed-loop system can be ensured for a given set of admissible initial conditions.&#x0D; Method. The paper uses the method of descriptor transformation of the model of a closed-loop system and extends the invariant ellipsoids method to systems with unknown but bounded state-delays. The application of the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and the technique of linear matrix inequalities made it possible to reduce the problem of calculating the control gain matrix to the problem of semi-definite programming, which can be solved numerically. An iterative algorithm for solving the bilinear matrix inequality is proposed for calculating the maximum permissible value of the time-delay.&#x0D; Results. The results of numerical modeling confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach in the problems of stabilizing discrete-time systems under the conditions of state-delays and nonlinear constraints on controls, which allows to recommend the proposed method for practical use for the problem of stability analysis and synthesis of stabilizing regulator, as well as for calculating the maximum permissible value of time-delay.&#x0D; Conclusions. An approach is proposed that allows extending the invariant ellipsoids method to discrete-time dynamic systems with unknown but bounded state-delays for solving the problem of system stabilization using static state feedback based on the application of the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional. The results of numerical modeling confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach in the presence of the saturation type nonlinear constraints on the control signals.

Creación de herramientas de traducción. Sobre la traslación de culturemas en español

This study draws on the enunciative semantic theory of notional domain proposed by Antoine Culioli, enriched with the concept of semiotic complex by Claude Delmas. The approach considers a lexical item as a set of semes that determine its admissible extension conditions within a specific culture, activable in accordance with the situation of utterance. The aim of this research is to develop translation tools for transposing culturemes (Fernando Poyatos) to another cultural-linguistic system. These culturemes represent expressions that hold significant cultural relevance within a speech community. The proposed tools involve extracting the notional and semiotic features of a notional domain and selecting the most relevant ones according to the ongoing enunciative situation. This selection process takes into account specific parameters of the communicative act and the presumed intention of the discourse. The chosen features are then explicitly incorporated into the target text, aiming to create an illocutionarily equivalent product to the source text. This approach is necessary as direct manipulation of the lexical item itself at a global level is impossible due to the absence of an equivalent notional domain in the target language. This contribution is part of a project that aims to establish a theoretical model for translation, based on the metaoperational enunciative theory.

ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS THE INTRODUCTORY COMPANY IN 2022 AT THE DNIPRO STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

Dniprovsky State Technical University is located in the city of Kamianske, Dnipropetrovsk region. It consists of 4 faculties and 18 departments. The total number of students in all forms of education is about 2000 people. Teachers of the university prepare bachelors and masters in full-time and part-time forms of education. Also, admission of applicants is carried out in graduate school and doctoral studies in certain specialties.&#x0D; The introductory company of 2022 in Ukraine was held under martial law, which led to significant changes in the conditions of admission to higher education institutions compared to previous years. Among the main changes are the following: admission using the results of external independent assessment or national multidisciplinary test, creative competition, master's test of educational competence, entrance exams (at the expense of the state budget), as well as motivation letters (at the expense of individuals and / or legal entities), the list of persons of preferential category has been expanded and the possibility of admission is provided based on the results of individual oral interviews in full-time or remote forms.&#x0D; The results of the admission campaign to the Dniprovsky State Technical University for obtaining bachelors and master's degrees are analyzed, shortcomings in the organization and conduct of admission in 2022 are identified.&#x0D; In order to improve the work of the admissions committee and increase the volume of enrollment in the Dniprovsky State Technical University during the following admission campaigns, the following measures can be proposed: support for low-demand specialties from applicants (lower cost of education, encouragement of students), development of a plan for career guidance work for 2023 with the participation of representatives the rector's office, deans, departments, admissions committee and the establishment of control over its implementation, conducting career guidance work in educational institutions and advertising activities in the media, the Internet, conducting preparatory courses in the subjects of the national multidisciplinary test, programs of the master's test of educational competence and in-depth study of a foreign language, as well as open days.

Using Relative and Absolute Measures for Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health: Experiences from a Retrospective Cohort Study on COVID-19.

One approach to reducing the burden of diseases can be to identify socioeconomically vulnerable groups. We aimed to estimate the socioeconomic inequality of in-hospital deaths using relative and absolute indices of socioeconomic inequality. In this retrospective cohort study on Covid-19 patients; age, gender, marital status, education level, date of admission, diagnostic method, and final condition were measured. Socioeconomic inequality in inhospital death was assessed using three approaches. We used the relative index of inequality (RII) to measure relative inequality. We used two approaches to evaluate absolute inequality: the slope index of inequality (SII) and the concentration index (ci). Overall, 587 patients' data were collected and 42 (7.2%) of these patients died in the hospital. There were statistically significant differences between the case-fatality rates of different levels of education (P<0.001). In addition, all the inequality indices showed that the distribution of COVID-19-related deaths was higher among the lower education levels. Accordingly, after controlling the effect of age, gender, and comorbidities the RII indicated that the case fatality rate in the lowest education level was 9.42 (95% CI: 2.23 to 39.01, P<0.001) times compared to the case fatality rate in the highest level of education. The results of all three approaches indicate considerable education inequality in CFR in favor of groups of high education levels. These results can improve the prioritization and impact of public health interventions, including prevention and diagnosis of Covid-19 in favor of vulnerable groups.

Magnetic operators in 2D compact scalar field theories on the lattice

Abstract In lattice compact gauge theories, we must impose the admissibility condition to have well-defined topological sectors. The admissibility condition, however, usually forbids the presence of magnetic operators, and it is not so trivial if one can study the physics of magnetic objects that depends on the topological term, such as the Witten effect, on the lattice. In this paper, we address this question in the case of 2D compact scalars as it would be one of the simplest examples having analogues of the monopole and the topological term. To define the magnetic operator, we propose the “excision method,” which consists of excising lattice links (or bonds) in an appropriate region containing the magnetic operator and defining the dual lattice in a particular way. The size of the excised region is O(1) in lattice units so that the magnetic operator becomes point-like in the continuum limit. We give the lattice derivation of the ’t Hooft anomalies between the electric and magnetic symmetries and also derive the higher-group-like structure related to the Witten effect.