Admiral Makarov Research Articles

Hydrodynamic properties of propellers with large blade-area ratio and truncated blade in free water

In the literature exist data about the hydrodynamic characteristics of propulsion systems, which include a duct and a fixed-pitch propeller with a truncated blade shape (Kaplan propeller), which has a relatively small blade-area ratio of 0.55. Usual such propellers has a very high loading coefficient, which entails the need to increase propellers blade-area ratio in order to prevent the occurrence of developed cavitation. The article presents the results of the first stage of research, which included testing a series of four-blade truncated propellers with a blade-area ratio 1.0 in free water. The tests were carried out in the towing tank of Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping on experimental installation, which include a special hydrodynamic stand. A series of tested propellers were 3D printed from PET-G plastic. A preliminary assessment showed that the chosen diameter of the models will ensure the achievement of supercritical Reynolds numbers at a rotation frequency of about 20 s–1. However, during the tests, it was found that the rotational speed must be increased to 30 s–1, which, in turn, led to a reduction in the test program due to the regime limitations of the experimental equipment. Nevertheless, the analysis of the test results made it possible to build a “hull” and “machinary” diagrams according to the Papmel form. An assessment of the strength of the models was carried out, which showed that the stresses arising in the root of the blade are significantly less than the allowable ones. The obtained results expand the design possibilities of Kaplan propellers with water-jet propulsion units, as well as a part of the “propeller-nozzle” propulsion complex.

Experimental study on the course stability of a towed barge model

The course instability problem of towed objects is discussed in the paper. It is noted that many non-selfpropelled vessels do not have directional stability, as a result of which they make oscillatory movements relative to the course of the towing ship. Increased yaw rate leads to a decrease in towing speed, an increase in loads on the elements of the towing device and a significant increase in the width of the running lane. These factors can lead to an emergency and significantly complicate the towing process, especially on inland waterways. Two main ways to increase directional stability are considered. These are towing “on V-line”, that is a system in which the towing rope is divided into two parts and attached to two points of the towed barge, located symmetrically relative to the centerline, and the installation of skegs in the stern. To determine the effect of these methods, tests of a model of the mixed riversea navigation oil barge 2731 are carried out in calm deep water conditions in the experimental tank of the Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping. The root end of the towing rope is attached to the pylon of the towing tank trolley and, thus, the reverse influence of the barge on the characteristics of the tug movement is not taken into account. Sixteen options are considered. The half-width of the running lane is taken as a criterion for the stability of barge movement. As follows from the test results, with increasing towing speed and towing rope length, the width of the running lane increases slightly. The installation of end washers on the skegs has no effect on the stability of the barge. To reduce the width of the running lane occupied by the barge, it is recommended to use towing “on the V-line” and use skegs with fixed flaps.

Особенности восприятия студентами вузов феномена цифровизации на основе двумерного анализа предикторов компьютеризации и информатизации образования: методика исследования

In the context of the transition of the education system to the digitalization stage, Russian universities are faced with the task of developing and using new digital resources, tools, technologies and models of electronic digital learning, on the one hand, and finding optimal modes for integrating existing didactic systems with new digital platforms, environments, systems and processes, on the other hand. The author developed a methodology for studying university students’ perception of the phenomenon of digitalization based on a multi-level analysis of predictors of the informatization and computerization results achieved by universities. The paper presents the results of a multidimensional predictive analysis of assessments of the conformity of equipment, technologies, devices, gadgets, objects, resources, technologies and tools related, in the opinion of respondents, to the subject areas/processes of computerization, informatization and digitalization based on the author’s system of prognostic predictors – relative indexes of distributed in a two-dimensional array of vertical and horizontal indicators of mutual influence/activity/involvement of objects/resources/processes of computerization, informatization and digitalization assessed by respondents. The main research method was a digital survey, in which 369 students of various training programs of Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia and Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping took place. As realized by the participants, the main basis of the digitalization process is the informatization and computerization processes. According to respondents, the computerization, informatization and digitalization processes turned out to be linearly related to each other. However, the study identified nonlinear deviations in bivariate estimates for a number of indicators. In particular, differences were found in assessments of some significant predictors among students of the humanities and communications and technology training programs.

OPTICAL-GRAPHIC STUDIES OF HYDROGEN ADDITIVES’ EFFECTS ON DIESEL FUEL ATOMIZATION PARAMETERS

This paper considers a promising method of enhancing the effectiveness of diesel engines. This method uses the addition of hydrogen in a small amount (up to 2% by mass). The hydrogen additive is added to the high-pressure fuel line before the injector. Based on the experimental findings, a reduction in the engine’s specific fuel consumption of up to 3% was achieved in comparison to the baseline configuration. A research study was conducted at the Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding using a newly established experimental setup to assess the impact of hydrogen additives on primary fuel delivery, spray characteristics, and overall engine performance. Among the experiments conducted, one investigated fuel atomization parameters, focusing on how the presence of hydrogen in the fuel influenced the fuel jet’s characteristics. A high-speed camera with a high resolution was used to record the optical-graphic study to isolate and extract individual shots of the torch’s expansion, thus obtaining images devoid of ignition and flickering. After conducting image processing and constructing jet models, along with subsequent analysis, it becomes apparent that the addition of hydrogen to the primary fuel results in an enhancement of spray quality. The torch volume expanded by approximately 10% to 15%, while the jet length diminished by approximately 8% to 10%. Consequently, the average diameter of the atomized fuel droplets decreases by up to 10%, with the extent of reduction contingent upon the initial parameters and configurations.

SCIENTIST PROFILE IN IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS AS AN INDICATOR OF PUBLICATION ACTIVITY OF A SCIENTIST: THE ROLE OF THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

The article deals with the features of international identification systems of scientists. The author analyzes the profile of a scientist tied to a single unique number identifier as the most important criterion for identifying scientific articles of the author in databases of scientific citation. The directions of activity of the Scientific Library of the Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, which are aimed at to increase the indicators of publication activity and citations by providing information support of university scientists, popularization of the achievements of leading scientists. Conclusions. The system of accounting for scientific publications in an organization involves: identifying all author identifiers in the main scientific citation systems; combining information into a single profile with a unique identification number of each system; displaying indexed scientific publications in the ORCID system (author responsibility), and actively involving researchers in the work of reputable international professional social networks. It is proved that the formation of a package of new services provided by the Scientific Library: assistance in in the preparation of manuscripts according to the requirements of publishers; consulting on the state of the author's profile in various scientometric systems; selection of scientific journals for publication of research; maintaining retrospective and current information on the publications of higher education institutions contribute to increasing the publication activity of university researchers.

The use of video materials in online classes of English for specific purposes

Problem statement . In recent years, the distance format is no longer a rarity and is being actively introduced into the educational process. However, in higher school, when teaching specialised subjects, including English for specific purposes, there is a certain difficulty in making a class dynamic and interesting for students. The use of video materials seems to be one of the ways to solve this problem. The aim of the study - to consider the issues related to the use of videos in classes of English for specific purposes. Methodology . The research covers such topics as advantages of using videos in English language teaching and criteria for their selection as well as preparation of video-related tasks. It also highlights specifics of using news video content as a tool for teaching English. Particular attention is paid to the use of video content in distance learning conditions. The examples of practical experience of using videos in English classes for thirdand fourth-year students studying “Transport Processes Technologies” in Admiral Makarov State Maritime University of Maritime an Inland Shipping in St. Petersburg are given. Results . The use of videos in distance learning classes has a significant number of advantages for students. The practice showed that the most interesting and effective to be used in online classes are newscasts. Conclusion . It is concluded that the process of class preparation using video materials is challenging for teachers, but at the same time that its use has a positive impact on their professional growth and on the effectiveness of the educational process.

Development of scientific and technical base for training specialists in the field of marine energy

The implementation of federal programs for the modernization of the transport system of the Russian Federation requires the solution of a set of tasks, the most important of which is the training of highly qualified specialists in the transport industry. A necessary condition for high-quality training of specialists is certainly a modern educational and laboratory base. The Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping has been training specialists in the field of marine energy for many decades. In order to continue training specialists in this area at a high level, it is necessary to modernize the material base, create laboratories that meet modern requirements. In order to achieve this goal, a project to create an educational and scientific center “Energy efficiency and reliability of marine machinery and mechanisms” is proposed. The concept of creating a center is presented in the paper, the laboratories that should be part of it are listed, the examples of laboratory layouts and their main equipment are provided. It is proposed to include a laboratory for testing engines in container design and a floating laboratory in the educational and scientific center. The creation of an educational and scientific center equipped with modern equipment will provide conditions for high-quality training of specialists for industry enterprises, as well as provide an opportunity to solve current scientific problems in the field of marine energy. The concept of creating an educational and scientific center is supported by the Board of Trustees of the University

THE USE OF GPT CHAT AMONG STUDENTS IN UKRAINIAN UNIVERSITIES

The authors of the article analyzed the issues of using the GPT chat in the process of training students of the State University of Telecommunications, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv and Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding. It is noted that the digital revolution 4.0 is accelerating in all areas of activity, and education is no exception; all of humanity is discovering how to use these systems and intelligent machines to improve human capabilities. The response of educational institutions around the world has been controversial, from restricting student access to Chat GPT to adopting the technology and using it to improve assessment and training original thinking among students. To conduct the research, the authors developed questionnaires in Google Form to determine the level of use of the GPT chat by students during training; its impact on the development of their skills and competencies and the attitude of the applicants to the concept of academic integrity in the context of using AI tools. According to the results of the survey, it can be stated that students widely use chat bots in the learning process, they believe that teachers should use AI tools when conducting classes, and some students noted that they had their papers returned due to plagiarism, through the use of chat bots. The authors found that open educational systems have radical changes; can use the power of artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT to optimize teaching, learning and educational management, which are the three irreplaceable pillars of every successful educational institution.

Experimental study of the influence of catamaran parameters on water resistance

The advantages of multihulls over monohulls are better running characteristics at high speeds and a larger deck area, which is critical for passenger ships. When designing, it is necessary to choose geometric parameters, which include the distance between the hulls. A brief description of the existing methods for calculating the towing resistance of multihull vessels is provided in the paper. New results of an experimental study of the effect of transverse clearance and the ratio of the one hull width to draft on the resistance of a displacement catamaran are also provided. The studies are carried out by testing a small non-self-propelled model of a multihull vessel in the towing tank. The model length is 1.84 m; the width of one hull is 0.15 m; the draft varies from 0.07 m to 0.11 m. The experiment is carried out in the towing tank of the Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping. The results are processed according to the Froude method without taking into account dynamic heel and they are presented as a dependence of the residual resistance coefficients on the Froude number. By approximating the experimental data, an expression allowing evaluating the influence of these parameters on the value of the residual resistance in the range of Froude numbers 0.30–0.70 is obtained. One hull is also tested at two draft values in the same speed range. These data are not approximated, but they are presented in the paper in the form of experimentally obtained points. The results of the work can be used at the initial stages of designing catamarans and at studying the influence of these factors on the residual resistance.

The Effectiveness of an Online Language Course during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Students’ Perceptions and Hard Evidence

The aim of this study is to analyse the delivery of an online English language course taught at the Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping during the COVID-19 pandemic with the ultimate purpose of identifying those features which could be applied to a prospective blended English as a foreign language (EFL) course in the future. The rationale behind this research is a necessity to redesign the existing language education programme at the University which is outdated and far from being digital. By applying the Mashaw model of evaluating the effectiveness of an online course, the authors analyse the results of the survey carried out among a focus group of 22 students from the radio engineering department of the Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping. In the end, the authors identify the points for further consideration in the process of developing a prospective blended EFL course.

Методика проектирования асинхронных гребных электродвигателей с заданным коэффициентом мощности

The article considers the problem of improving the quality of electricity, in particular the power factor. The increased value of the power factor leads to decreasing the reactive component of the currents in the ship power network and, as a result, to a decreased power of converting equipment, generators and cable products. There is studied 
 a section in the methodology of designing ship electrical machines developed at the Department of Electric Drives and Electrical Equipment of Coastal Power Plants in Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping, which allows to evaluate the parameters of asynchronous electric motors at the design stage. Today, in designing electrical machines there are used the methods developed in the last century, which do not allow to carry out electromagnetic calculations subject to the required value of the power factor. The power factor is known to be determined by empirical formulas after setting the main parameters of the mechanism. The equivalent circuit of asynchronous electric motor containing the parameters of stator and rotor windings, and its mathematical description based on equations corresponding to Kirchhoff's laws are considered. Transformations of the equations describing the electromagnetic processes in the engine given for the static mode of operation in a complex form are made. There are given the expressions that allow determining the magnetizing current, magnetic conductivities, magnetizing forces, air gap and magnetic saturation coefficients, overall dimensions of the electric motor, and electromagnetic torque that it develops. Basing on the transformed equations describing an asynchronous electric motor there have been derived the regularities that help set the value of the power factor as initial data at the stage of design. The practical significance of the applied methodology and importance of the chosen subject have been analyzed.

Improvement of automatic speech recognition skills of linguistics students through using ukrainian-english and ukrainian-german subtitles in publicistic movies

The increased world's attention to foreign language studies facilitates the development and improvement of its study system in higher education institutions. Such a system takes into account and promptly responds to the demands of today's multicultural society. All should start with the transformation and modernization of the higher education system. This system includes the introduction of innovative technologies in the study of English and German, which should be focused on the modern demands of the world labor market. All this has determined the relevance of the research. This article aims to establish ways for students to gain automatic recognition skills through subtitling Ukrainian-English and Ukrainian-German publicistic movies and series. The first assessment of new language audio and video corpus was developed at the Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, using an automatic subtitling mechanism to improve linguistics students' recognition and understanding of oral speech. The skills and abilities that improved during the work with the educational movie corpus have been identified.

THE CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF THE USE OF DISTANCE LEARNING INSTRUMENTS DURING STUDY SHIP ENGINEERING

The paper is focused on identifying the advantages and disadvantages of remote education systems in terms of modern requirements to practical skills of future professionals, especially in the engineering field. Based on the analysis of the shortcomings of the already existing distance education models in the context of the pandemic, the need for a fundamentally new remote training scheme has been substantiated. The proposed model allows the students and interns of the shipbuilding profile to master the theoretical backgrounds of shipboard design and engineering and complete all practical tasks, acquiring practical skills in specialized packages of up-to-date shipbuilding CAD systems entirely remotely.This model was tested using a peer-to-peer data exchange technology between three modern information platforms: Moodle, CADMATIC™ and TeamViewer. Advantages of this distance learning model were identified: the possibility of acquiring practical skills in modern computer-aided design systems from anywhere globally through direct interaction of the learner and the teacher in real-time. An appropriate engineering education approach has been developed based on the presented model, enabling the student to acquire needed practical skills and initial experience in ship design using modern three-dimensional CAD in remote mode. The described course prepares the trainees for work at shipbuilding design and production companies in initial engineering positions, namely in ship hull design, structural digital twins, and production information development. A pilot project, "Development and testing of specialised multimedia courses in advanced ship engineering", was implemented at the "Neoteric Naval Engineering Institute" of the Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding. The project results show the high efficiency of using the proposed engineers training model considering modern requirements of employers to future designers and the commercial safety requirements of shipbuilding CAD systems suppliers. The relevance of the results obtained is justified both in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.

Experimental meteor radio communication network for sea ports of the northern sea route

Meteor communication on ultrashort waves is one of the most economically feasible and statistically stable telecommunications in the conditions of the North of Russia. To ensure the possibility of its potential capabilities, not only theoretical, but also practical comprehensively tested development of new innovative technologies is necessary. The article shows not only the potential capabilities of the faculty of the Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping (UMIS), but also shows his readiness for the development and practical implementation of the innovations developed by them in the technology of information telecommunications of seaports of the Northern Sea Route. To obtain the maximum possible return from the knowledge of scientists and practical skills of engineering and technical personnel, including graduate students and cadets of the UMIS, it is necessary to use the territorial distribution of various buildings of the UMIS and equip them with a modern scientific and engineering tool for researching information telecommunication technologies – an experimental meteor radio communication network, which can also be used as an existing model of a meteor radio communication network on ultra-short waves in seaports of the Northern Sea Route.

BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PUBLICATIONS OF SCIENTISTS IN OPEN ACCESS JOURNALS AS A TOOL TO INCREASE THE PUBLISHING ACTIVITY OF THE UNIVERSITY

Objective. The study is aimed at increasing the publishing activity and better presentation of scientific results of Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding by expanding scientific publications in open access logs. Chronological frameworks of the studied scientific articles – 2017–2021. Methods. In order to obtain relevant empirical data, the authors of the research analyzed publications of the Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding scientists in open access logs using products and services of scientometric database Scopus. The algorithm of "step-by-step" actions in the Scopus database was considered in relation to: the determination of the most relevant topics; formation of the circles for the most cited publications; determining the representation level of publications made by the University scientists in the Scopus database on the topic of the study. Results. During the study, the authors showed that complete and objective evaluation in the effectiveness of scientific activity of the institution is possible only with the analysis of open resources of scientific information; the percentage of publications in the open access of Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding authors-scientists is growing: in five years, the number of scientific articles of open access has increased twice; the most popular publication model is GoldAPC; there are the most cited publications in foreign editions that relate to the first and second quartile. Conclusions. The authors firstly conducted a bibliometric study of scientists’ publications in open access journals as a tool for raising the publishing activity of the university on the basis of products and services of the Scopus scientometric database. The research materials can be used to further increase of publishing activity both for individual scientists and institutions as a whole.

Peer review declaration

All conference organisers/editors are required to declare details about their peer review. Therefore, please provide the following information:• Type of peer review: Double-blind peer review• Review criteria: Consistency with the conference scope and JPCS fields of interests; Technical content; Presentation style and clarity; Academic value. Each position was assessed with the following scale: Unsatisfactory, To be Improved, Good Enough. All papers marked as unsatisfactory by two referees were declined, all other papers were either accepted as is or send for the revision. Editorial board is responsible for the final decision regarding the publishing of manuscripts.• Conference submission management system: submissions were received and handled via e-mail• Number of submissions received: 262• Number of submissions sent for review: 181• Number of submissions accepted: 153• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 60%• Average number of reviews per paper: 3• Total number of reviewers involved: 29• Any additional info on review process: three independent peers, one of whom invited from outside the committee were assigned to each paper. The editors supervised the review process. Contact person for queries: Igor Boychuk , co-chairman of the organizing committee, co-editor, associate professor of Admiral Ushakov State Maritime University, Novorossiysk, Russia. E-mail: zur_mga@nsma.ru. Sergey Bakhmutov , co-chairman of the program committee, co-editor, vice executive office for research and development of Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute (FSUE “NAMI”), Moscow, Russia. E-mail: s.bakhmutvov@nami.ru. Artyom Butsanets , secretary of the editorial board, head of the department of intellectual property and technical information, Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping, Saint Petersburg, Russia, ButsanetsAA@gumrf.ru.

Preface

International Conference “Actual Issues of Mechanical Engineering-2021” was held at Admiral Ushakov Maritime State University (Novorossiysk, Russia) on 15-16 June, 2021. Because of the restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, it was decided to hold the conference online.The traditional 15-minute time limit on speeches was preserved. The attendance for virtual participants without the report and without the opportunity to participate in discussion with the voice was free of charge. However, all participants could take their part in the discussion via moderators.AIME 2021 became one of the largest virtual platforms in Russia, where prospects for autonomous transport were discussed. The conference was devoted to the most topical issues of mechanical engineering, namely the design and research of engines and the creation of autonomous transport and intelligent transport systems. Researchers from the leading Russian marine and automotive universities and scientific organizations took part in the conference: Admiral Ushakov Maritime State University (Novorossiysk), Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping (Saint-Petersburg), Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (Moscow), Central scientific research automobile and automotive engine institute “NAMI” (Moscow).List of Programme Committee, Organizational Committee are available in this pdf.

ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF ADMIRAL MAKAROV NUS’s PUBLICATION ACTIVITY IN INTERNATIONAL SCIENTOMETRIC PLATFORMS

Objective. The article considers the analytical work of the Scientific Library of Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding (NUS) on the publishing activity of the university at the international scientometric platforms. Methods of the research are based on a systematic approach, structural-functional and scientometric analysis of methods for evaluating the effectiveness and publication activity of academic staff and the university as a whole. Results. During the study, the authors proved: 1. Scientific Library of Admiral Makarov NUS actively implements innovative forms of activity, develops and diversifies the library service to aid the university research work; 2. The role of the Scientific Library as an active partner at the stages of the life cycle of scientific research of university scientists is growing; 3. Analytical work of the Scientific Library of Admiral Makarov NUS on the publishing activity of the university emphasizes and strengthens the role of the library in the processes of increasing the representation of university scientists in the global space of scientific communications, the introduction of scientometric and bibliometric research methods. Conclusions. Originality of the work lies in the expansion of ideas about the analytical work of the Scientific Library of Admiral Makarov NUS on the publishing activity of the university, which today is an important factor for further objective evaluation of the effectiveness of the academic library. This provides an opportunity to better understand the specifics of the scientific activities of HEI libraries as resource and information centres. Practical value. The obtained results can be used to increase the publishing activity of HEI at the international scientometric platforms.

Preface

International Conference “Actual Issues of Mechanical Engineering–2020” was successfully held at Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping (Saint-Petersburg, Russia) on 27-29 October, 2020. Because of the travel restrictions and to avoid public gathering, it was decided to hold the conference online. This gave participants from across Russia an opportunity to present their reports despite the lockdown. The geography of AIME–2020 includes the researchers from Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Ufa, Irkutsk, Nizhniy Novgorod, Rostov, Bryansk and other Russian cities.AIME–2020 became a scientific forum to discuss various issues of mechanical engineering, such as: automotive and locomotive engineering, farming machinery, water transport, special purpose civil and military vehicles. Researchers and practitioners presented their papers on construction equipment, reaction engines, power and heat generators, machinery manufacturing automation, and machinery lifecycle management. After careful reviewing, 80 papers were accepted for publication.Due to the complicated epidemiological situation and the travel restrictions applied by the Russian Government, the conference was held remotely. The work of the sections was organized in a video conference mode, where the most relevant reports selected by the organizing committee of the conference were presented using the Cisco Webex platform (https://www.webex.com/downloads.html). The traditional 15-minute time limit on speeches was preserved. The attendance for virtual participation without the report and without the opportunity to participate in discussion with the voice was free of charge. However, all participants could take their part in the discussion via moderators.List of Editorial Board, Programme Committee and Organizing committee are available in the pdf.

Peer review declaration

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Single-blind peer review• Conference submission management system: submissions were received and handled via e-mail• Number of submissions received: 159• Number of submissions sent for review: 119• Number of submissions accepted: 80• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 50%• Average number of reviews per paper: 2• Total number of reviewers involved: 28• Any additional info on review process: all the papers were reviewed○ by the member of program committee;○ by the external referee (chosen by the editorial board among the authors or staff of organizing institutions).The applied review criteria are described below.○ Does the contribution fit the scope?○ Does the contribution feature original research?○ Are the results and conclusions adequate?○ Does the presentation style meet academic standards?○ Is the referencing appropriate?For each question reviewer had to choose one reply from the list. There were 3 variants:○ No○ Not sure○ YesAll the reviewers were supplied with the link to the questionnaire made with the Survey Monkey web kit. The questionnaire had two text fields that could be used to submit short communications (up to 500 words) to the editors or authors. All individual responses are immediately become accessible to the member of the editorial team. After this, the editor has to make a decision about the papers based on the reviewers’ feedback. Then the editor relays the decision and remarks to the authors.Reviewers submit• Contact person for queries: Artyom Butsanets, secretary of the editorial board, head of the department of intellectual property and technical information, Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping, Saint Petersburg, Russia, ButsanetsAA@gumrf.ru