Administrative Reform Research Articles

Public regulation urgency in cryptocurrency based on administrative reform for Bali sustainable tourism

Public regulation urgency in cryptocurrency based on administrative reform for Bali sustainable tourism

Evaluating E-Government Development among Africa Union Member States: An Analysis of the Impact of E-Government on Public Administration and Governance in Ghana

The adoption of e-government promises efficiency in the delivery of government services to citizens across various sectors of the economy. Due to this, most Global North countries have advanced in the deployment of e-government for improving public-service delivery. Unfortunately, most African countries, including Ghana, are still lagging in e-government development. This study examined e-government development across African Union member states. It explored the role of e-government in the reform of public administration and governance, focusing on Ghana as a case study. Using a mixed-method approach, the study analyzed secondary data of key e-government indicators using the TOPSIS method. This helped underscore the transformative impact on public administration and governance by using primary data via interviews. The results show advanced progress in some African countries, including Ghana, due to aligned digital strategies with national policies. Also, technology integration is evident in Ghana’s public sector and is reshaping public administration and governance. The study recommends that to achieve the long-term sustainability of these advancements, interagency collaboration and data-sharing mechanisms between the public and private sectors should be strengthened, while all forms of silos should be broken to promote the delivery of services. This study enhances public-service delivery by identifying areas needing both improvement and allocation of resources for shaping e-government policy development.

Tax Equity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Income inequality is high and persistent in developing countries. In this paper, we ask what role taxation can or might play in reducing inequality in low and middle-income countries. Drawing on the recent literature, three findings emerge. Due to both structural factors and limited enforcement capacity, the effective distributional impacts of taxes often deviate from their ‘statutory’ objectives, in ways that are hard to predict based on evidence from high-income countries. Moreover, administrative reforms which are meant to be distributionally neutral end up having significant equity impacts because of the practical realities of implementation. Finally, the global challenges which tax authorities face to tax the very top of the income distribution appear to be even more pronounced in developing countries. We conclude by offering thoughts on future research and emphasize the need to carefully study equity characteristics of taxes at each stage of a country’s development path.

Державна політика щодо добробуту населення та продовольчої безпеки України у контексті її конкурентоспроможності: теоретичний аспект

The article is devoted to analyzing the dependence on population well-being and food security in Ukraine in the context of post-war reconstruction and state competitiveness, as well as the risks and limitations of state policy. The article combines three concepts for the first time: «well-being of the population”, «food security», «state competitiveness». The authors used various theoretical and practical approaches, criteria, indicators, and methods that reflect different aspects and problems of population well-being and state competitiveness. They also considered international standards and recommendations and the specificity of national conditions and needs. Population well-being, food security, and state competitiveness depend on each other, but they are not a linear and unambiguous dependence. Various factors, such as context, values, interests, strategies, and policies, influence this dependence. Post-war reconstruction and state competitiveness create new challenges and threats to population well-being and food security in Ukraine, such as uneven distribution of resources, goods, opportunities, and influence among different groups of the population, especially vulnerable and marginalized, negative impact on the environment, which is an essential factor of population well-being, reduction of quality of life, health, security, and happiness of the population. The author proposed a strategy that would consider the interests and needs of different population groups and the preservation and improvement of the environment. Such a strategy should be based on the guaranteed minimum level of well-being, ensuring equal opportunities, improving quality of life, strengthening social cohesion, and ensuring social security, protection, responsibility, and integration. The risks and limitations of state policy on population well-being in Ukraine can be prevented and overcome by conducting administrative, economic, demographic, social, political, defense, environmental, and cultural reforms. The results of this study can be used for planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of state policy on population well-being and state competitiveness in Ukraine, as well as for cooperation with international partners and the public. The author calls for further research on these issues, especially using new data, methods, and tools. Keywords: state policy, food security, well-being, population, Ukraine, strategy, scientific foundations, priorities, challenges, post-war reconstruction, competitiveness, state.

FREEDOM OF INFORMATION IN MALAYSIA: INTERNATIONAL LEGAL INSTRUMENTS AND RESTRICTIONS UNDER NATIONAL LAW

The acceptance of Freedom of Information (FOI) as a fundamental mechanism for enhancing accountability and transparency in the public sector is widely recognized. Numerous international legal instruments (Conventions) have advocated for the establishment and enforcement of legal frameworks pertaining to the FOI. The FOI legislation serves two essential functions, namely enhancing democratic engagement and mitigating corruption within the public sphere. Despite the acceptability of FOI on the global stage, Malaysia lacks a comprehensive legal framework to address the right to access information, except for Selangor and Penang. Additionally, there are various national legislations that hinder the exercise of FOI. This article’s objective is to examine the use of the FOI concept within the framework of international legal instruments as well as the challenges posed by Malaysian national laws that impose limitations on its implementation. The objective is achieved by employing a doctrinal methodology that incorporates international legal instruments as well as Malaysia’s legislations (Constitution, Acts and Enactments) pertaining to the FOI. The findings show the restrictions under national law make it difficult to implement FOI legal regimes in Malaysia. This paper argues that implementing FOI can only be materialized through a comprehensive review of existing laws and administrative structure reform by adapting universal standards on FOI as stated under international legal instruments. This article serves as guidelines for policymakers intending to address FOI as the anti-corruption mechanism in public sectors. Moreover, recommendations are made for the implementation of FOI into Malaysia’s domestic laws.

Теоретико-методологічні аспекти становлення комунікативної системи публічного управління

The article establishes the need for the formation of a system of administrative communications to ensure the coordination of activities of subjects of state, municipal, public authorities, and mass media in the management of social processes. It has been proven that the formation of effective public communication, the communicative complex of the public power subsystem, is possible by reforming the public administration system. The theoretical and methodological principles of forming the administrative communications system were defined, and its structural and functional model was developed. Emphasis is placed on the theoretical description of the communicative process in modern scientific discourse, which uses various, and sometimes mutually exclusive, hypotheses, positions, and approaches; quite often, communication as a process is considered a relatively narrow sphere of human activity, and the application of the used models for local self-government seems problematic. Attention is paid to the fact that in the conditions of public administration reform in Ukraine, one of the urgent tasks is the modernization of the public communications system, bringing it closer to the standards of the EU and leading countries of the world, building an effective model of communication activities of state authorities. The subject and methods of communicative interaction of social subjects implementing communicative public policy are defined. The importance of communication in state administration and local self-government is also proven by its (communication) feature, which is a reliable and constant supplier of valuable information, which is then used in the management process. Public administration communications should be considered as a set of subsystems of informational and motivational interactions. It is noted that, in general, it is appropriate to define the communication system of public administration as mutually agreed complexes of communicative horizontal and vertical, internal and external, formal and informal interactions of subjects of public space (bodies, organizations, institutions, and representatives of state, self-governing, public, media authorities and citizens ) at the central, regional and local levels, thanks to which the coordination of the activities of the subjects regarding the management of social processes is achieved. Keywords: communicative interaction, communicative strategy, public administration bodies, state administration, mass communication media, civil society institutions, communicative system of public administration, local self-government.

Enhancing Governance and Public Administration Reform in BRICS Countries: Challenges and Opportunities

Enhancing Governance and Public Administration Reform in BRICS Countries: Challenges and Opportunities

Особливості формування лідерських компетентностей державних службовців

Effective activity of public authorities guarantees socio-economic development and effective functioning of the state as a whole and individual territorial-administrative units. The question of the competencies of civil servants in this aspect comes to the fore since the effectiveness of their work, the level and quality of the provision of administrative services, ensuring the functioning of the social sphere, the implementation of various development and cooperation programs, etc. will depend on them. In the context of the modern administrative reform in Ukraine, announced by the President, leadership becomes the leading element of the success of the further development and modernization of the civil service and service in local self-government bodies. That is why the development of public managers’ leadership competencies is considered a systemic phenomenon built based on analysis, assessment, and plan formation, with further development prospects by the position held and its level in the organizational system of the civil service. The issue of defining leadership competencies, their assessment, and various methodological approaches to their development allows us to assert the imperfection of the existing system. Nevertheless, the training of leaders-managers should be based on the principles of systematicity and analyticity, on clear and reliable theoretical and logical-methodological provisions. At the same time, identifying and training leaders is a complex process that should be considered as one of the specific types of psychological and pedagogical activity. Moreover, in this sense, the problem of organizing the training of leaders is closely related to the systematic selection of rational methods and methods, methods, and pedagogical technologies adequate to the goals and expected results. After all, leaders’ professional training and personal development should first be aimed at their future practical activities, in which the training results will be realized. Keywords: competencies, leadership competencies, public service, competencies of civil servants.

Measuring the urgency of tax administration reform in Indonesia

This research aims to explore the latest developments in taxation and describe why Indonesia must implement tax reform. The primary focus is on the state revenue generated by the tax sector over the last ten years, tax ratios, and the extent of the state's losses due to tax abuse in Southeast Asia. The research uses a constructive philosophy and paradigm with a qualitative approach. It employs explanatory research, with library research as a data collection technique. The findings indicate that significant measures are required to reform Indonesia's tax administration to increase state revenues from taxes, raise the tax ratio, and reduce the amount of state losses due to tax abuse. The complex tax administration system leads to tax avoidance and abuse, reducing the state's revenue and causing the tax ratio to be low. The government needs to organize the workings of the tax system using the principles of equality, simplicity, and justice. The research results are addressed to the government as regulators and policymakers, as well as to taxpayers and the public as policy implementers. Taxpayers and the public can comply with their tax obligations without hesitation because the tax system is strong, credible, and accountable.

Tax Administration Reform: End of Tax Disputes in India?

A long-due Indian direct tax administrative reform for removing the taxpayers’ plight and widening the tax base gained momentum by introducing the faceless assessments and appeals scheme coupled with taxpayers’ tax charter. Following a descriptive approach, the study assesses whether the reform would end the tax disputes. Albeit, ideally, any tax system should be simple, efficient, transparent, and free from conflicts. The Indian taxation saga indicates an infamous tug-of-war between the taxpayers and the revenue-seeking tax officers. Serving strange tax demand notices and retrospective amendments of the tax laws created a phobia of ‘tax terrorism’ in honest taxpayers’ minds. Considering this, the government followed the digital route with no physical interaction between the taxpayers and tax officers for tax assessments and appeals. Moreover, fixing the responsibilities of the taxpayers and tax officers would minimize tax disputes substantially if addressing the apprehensions and teething problems appropriately, addressing the apprehensions and teething problems.

The Role of AI in Improving Municipal Finance in Georgia

This article explores the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing municipal finance systems in Georgia. It begins by examining the current state of Georgian municipal finance, highlighting challenges such as limited fiscal autonomy, inefficiencies in revenue collection, and issues of transparency and accountability. The paper then provides an overview of the global advancements in AI within the finance sector, illustrating how AI can revolutionize financial processes through predictive analytics, risk management, and automation. Focusing on the Georgian context, the article discusses specific applications of AI that can address prevailing challenges in municipal finance. These applications include improving revenue collection, enhancing budget allocation efficiency, and increasing financial transparency. The paper also presents international case studies from cities like Singapore and Barcelona, where AI has successfully improved municipal finance, providing practical insights and potential strategies for Georgia. The challenges of implementing AI in Georgian municipal finance, including technological infrastructure requirements, data quality concerns, and ethical and legal considerations, are critically examined. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for the successful integration of AI in Georgian municipal finance. These recommendations encompass developing a strategic framework for AI adoption, investing in technological infrastructure, enhancing data governance, and fostering public engagement and trust. By highlighting the role of AI in addressing the complexities of municipal finance, this article contributes to the discourse on leveraging technology for public administration reform and offers a roadmap for policymakers and municipal authorities in Georgia. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Municipal finance; Financial transparency; Ethical use of AI; Data management.

The Diffusion of E-Government Innovation in The Framework of Public Services (A Study on Population Administration Services and Civil Registration in Kediri Regency

Purpose: Public services, a government obligation, have a direct impact on society, particularly in the realm of population services. However, population-related issues persist in Indonesia, such as residents needing more proper identification, duplicate data, and invalid records. Innovation in public services serves as a solution for both central and local governments. The Kediri Regency Government actively implements the concept of governance, adhering to the e-government paradigm in executing population administration services conducted by the Population and Civil Registration Agency of Kediri Regency. Theoretical framework: The Indonesian government has sought various improvements in providing services to address population-related challenges through innovative service models. The recommendation outlined in Minister of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform Regulation No. 30 of 2014 is a legal foundation for these efforts. Relevant innovations can be employed in the public sector as alternative mechanisms to seek new solutions to longstanding issues (Muluk, 2008;43). Innovation within government agencies is crucial for improving public service delivery by introducing novel approaches and resources. Method: qualitative descriptive-evaluative approach rooted in a meticulous investigation by the author concerning public service innovations based on e-government, encompassing programs, events, activities, processes, and their execution. Result: This research examined the initial conditions of public services related to population. Throughout the process of public services, the government of Kediri Regency has introduced an innovation in the form of the E-Government program within the SAHAJA (Satu Hari Jadi) program for the issuance of ID cards (KTP) and various other population documents. On a practical level, this research can provide benefits by offering suitable methods for implementing innovations in population and civil registration services.

К вопросу о тенденциях развития административного законодательства России

The article examines the trends in the development of administrative legislation. The main trends in the development of federal administrative legislation are: its centralization; introduction into the practice of norm-setting framework laws that establish general principles and provide significant freedom of normative detail to administrative and public bodies; expansion of legislative regulation of the organization and activities of public administration bodies in the context of the administrative reform being carried out in the country.

Ladner, Andreas & Sager, Fritz (Eds.) (2022). Handbook on the Politics of Public Administration. Edward Elgar Publishing. 428 Seiten. ISBN-978–1839109430.

The relationship between politics and administration is a classic theme of public administration, while it has been rather ignored in political science. The handbook provides an excellent overview of their interdependencies. It is useful both as a reference to inform oneself quickly and reliably about their relationship in all kinds of fields (and countries, from the US over Russia, China, Japan to Mexico etc.) but it should be particularly valuable as a supplementary textbook, especially in the wake of the (New) Public Management fashion, which often thrived on simple, not to say naive, ideas of the separation of politics and administration. Whether one is interested in e. g. bureaucracy, decentralization, new public governance, administrative reform, implementation, evaluation, regulation, administrative law, international administration, evidence-based policy making, performance management, staffing, accountability or digitalization, one finds short, concise contributions that clarify the political dimensions in these areas, which otherwise are often treated rather technocratically.

Public Service Satisfaction Analysis in Village and District: A Comprehensive Examination

This study investigates community satisfaction with public services in Banjarasri Village, Tanggulangin District, Sidoarjo Regency, employing a qualitative descriptive design with a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. Using a sample of 334 randomly selected respondents, the research assesses satisfaction across nine indicators outlined in the Decree of the Minister for Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform. While overall satisfaction is observed, the study reveals a neutral sentiment towards service time, indicating a need for improvement in this specific aspect. The average value of 3.17 suggests a positive community response. The implications of these findings underscore the importance of enhancing service time to further elevate public satisfaction with local services, contributing to the broader discourse on effective public administration.Highlight : Comprehensive Assessment: This study conducts a thorough evaluation of community satisfaction with public services in Banjarasri Village, encompassing various dimensions outlined in the Ministerial Decree. Service Time Neutral Outlook: The research identifies a neutral sentiment towards service time, emphasizing the critical need for targeted improvements in this specific aspect of public service delivery. Mixed Methods Approach: Employing a qualitative descriptive design with a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, the study provides a nuanced understanding of community perceptions, offering valuable insights for local governance and public administration Keywords: Community Satisfaction, Public Services, Qualitative Research, Service Time, Local Governance

Education in Sri Lanka: A Historical, Administrative, and Contemporary Overview with Emphasis on Secondary Schooling

Aims: This research aims to comprehensively explore the historical evolution, administrative intricacies, and current state of secondary education in Sri Lanka, with a particular focus on the post-independence era. It seeks to provide valuable insights into the challenges, initiatives, and policy measures that have shaped the educational landscape in the country.
 Study Design: The study adopts a historical research design, meticulously tracing the trajectory of education in Sri Lanka from ancient times through the colonial periods to the contemporary era. It places a particular emphasis on the post-independence period, scrutinizing administrative reforms, decentralization efforts, and the structure of secondary schooling.
 Place and Duration of Study: The research is conducted in Sri Lanka, encompassing various regions and educational institutions across the country.
 Methodology: Grey literature, including historical documents, archival records, and unpublished reports, serves as a pivotal source for this study. Government reports, policy documents, and contemporary educational sources are analyzed to provide a nuanced understanding of the challenges and initiatives in Sri Lanka's education system. Internal memos, working papers, and non-peer-reviewed literature are utilized to dissect administrative structures, policy measures, and curriculum development.
 Results: The research reveals the intricate historical journey of education in Sri Lanka, highlighting the impact of colonial rulers on the traditional education system. Post-independence challenges and initiatives, such as decentralization efforts and administrative reforms, are scrutinized. The contemporary education system, including diverse school categories and the flow of education from preschool to tertiary levels, is comprehensively analyzed. Key policies, such as free education, medium of instruction, and compulsory education, are detailed to showcase the government's commitment to inclusive and accessible education.
 Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides a holistic understanding of the multifaceted dimensions of education in Sri Lanka. By examining historical roots, administrative intricacies, and the current state of the secondary education sector, the research sheds light on the enduring pursuit of knowledge and enlightenment in Sri Lanka's educational journey. The findings offer valuable insights for scholars, policymakers, and those interested in the dynamic evolution of education in the country.

Administrative law reforms for enhancing business environment in Saudi Arabia

The economic landscape of Saudi Arabia has undergone significant changes in recent years, largely due to various administrative law reforms. The aim of this research paper is to examine the administrative law reforms in Saudi Arabia and their impact on the country's business environment. Based on the findings, the law reforms made in Saudi Arabia include initiating businesses, safeguarding the interests of minority investors, facilitating trade, ensuring contract enforcement, providing access to electricity, facilitating credit acquisition, granting construction permits, and resolving insolvency. Saudi Arabia should take steps to raise public awareness about corruption and establish more robust laws to safeguard whistleblowers. The country should also allocate resources to training programs and establish partnerships with advanced, specialized courts. Creating entrepreneurship programs and workshops to promote an entrepreneurial mindset in schools and the community is crucial. Saudi Arabia can create a favorable environment for economic growth and development by implementing these measures.

Incidencias en el proceso de implementación de las reformas borbónicas en la región noroeste de la Nueva Galicia (1788–1799)

During the second half of the 18th century, the Spanish crown designed and implemented a set of reforms in administration, government, and the army across various regions of the empire, which were crucial for maintaining its status among the powers of the time. This study aims to analyze the process that led to the execution of these reforms in the territories of the government of San Luis de Colotlán and Nayar, located in the Northwestern region of New Galicia, between 1788 and 1799. The sources for this research come from archives in Spain and Mexico. The theoretical framework is based on the principles of regional history and sociocultural history. The methodology relies on historical synthesis, offering elements for reconstructing historical events based on primary sources. The results demonstrate that, because of information generated by a group of military personnel, the Spanish government enacted a series of reforms in the region at the end of the 18th century, leading to a political-administrative and military reconfiguration. Additionally, the findings reveal previously unknown aspects of daily life in the area.

Factor Analysis of Socio-Economic Development of Enlarged Communities in the RA 80

The administrative territorial reforms implemented in the Republic of Armenia (RA) are new challenges, which lead to the need of developing and implementing new tools aimed at local socio-economic development of communities. At this stage of the RA administrative territorial reforms, it is very important to discuss the positive or negative impact of enlargement, therefore, the assessment of the current situation by highlighting the problems, and pointing out the main ways of effectively using the available resources, can shortly contribute to increasing the efficiency of community management. Even though the enlarged communities in the RA have certain similarities in terms of expenditure directions and sources of income, we should not forget that each community also has its characteristics of socio-economic development and a unique potential for development. Within the framework of this article, based on the factor analysis of socio-economic indicators of several enlarged communities of the RA, it becomes clear that the agricultural sector is significantly separated from the production activities in Ararat, Parakar, Noyemberyan and Gavar communities, and the agricultural sector in Alagyaz and Tsaghkahovit communities does not have an impact on the local level of employment, which allows us to assume that the potential and resources in the field of agriculture are not used effectively, which in turn is due to the lack of the minimum funds necessary for the development of agriculture.

Правовое обеспечение финансового суверенитета Российской Федерации в эпоху глобальных перемен

The article examines the issues of the formation of a modern legal model of financial relations aimed at strengthening the financial sovereignty of the state. Based on the analysis of financial legislation, law enforcement practice and legal doctrine, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to carry out administrative reform aimed at integrating the Bank of Russia with the tasks of the Government of the Russian Federation to achieve the goals of sustainable economic development of the state. According to the author, the relations developing in the sphere of functioning of the financial system do not fit into the sectoral model of law. The use of general logical research methods, including analysis and synthesis, formal legal and comparative legal methods allowed the author to come to the following conclusions. 1. The formation of a modern model of financial and legal regulation, ensuring the strengthening of the financial sovereignty of the Russian Federation, should be based on administrative reform that creates conditions for the integration of the Bank of Russia with the tasks of the Government of the Russian Federation to achieve the goals of sustainable economic development of the state. 2. A balance between the tasks of the Government of the Russian Federation to achieve economic development goals and the goals of inflation targeting carried out by the Bank of Russia can be found through work to harmonize monetary and fiscal policy instruments - these two principles of managing the financial and credit mechanism. 3. In order to create a legal model of monetary circulation that prevents the withdrawal of capital and the legalization of proceeds from crime, it is necessary to carry out work to harmonize private law and public law methods of regulating financial relations. This will create the basis for the integration of legal instruments regulating the circulation of funds currently covered by different legal regimes.