Administrative District Of Moscow Research Articles

Assessment Of Temporal Variability In The Level Of Population Vulnerability To Natural And Man-Made Hazards (The Case Of Moscow Districts)

The relevance of the study lies in the need for a scientific search for the possibilities of using new types of Big data in studies of the population vulnerability to solve practical problems of improving the safety of urban spaces from natural and man-made hazards. The object of the study is the administrative districts of Moscow; the subject is the temporal patterns of vulnerability of their population to potential natural and man-made hazards. The research question of the study is to develop a typology of Moscow districts and further assess this sustainability in terms of the population vulnerability to natural and man-made hazards. To achieve this research question, a set of tasks was solved: 1. Processing of the mobile operators’ data array and further construction of a continuous graph of the Moscow population dynamics in 2019 (with a time cycle of 30 minutes, over 36 million measurements in more than 7 thousand time slices); 2. Empirical justification of natural temporal boundaries of daily, weekly, seasonal cycles of population dynamics in Moscow districts; 3. Justification of key factors and parameters of urban population vulnerability; 4. Development and approbation of the dynamic clustering method of Moscow districts using selected variables and periods. The study is based on the impersonal mobile operators’ data on the locations of subscribers for 2019, provided by the Department of Information Technologies of the Moscow city. The method of dynamic cluster analysis is used. Four particular clusterings were obtained that characterize the “behavior” of the settlement system in the main intervals of social time (weekdays and weekends of the cold and warm seasons). Сluster stability matrix allows to identify which of the districts retain their properties during the period under review, and which are characterized by instability of considered indicators of population vulnerability. Depending on the stability of the position of the districts in a particular cluster, “stable”, “conditionally stable” and “nomadic” types of districts were identified. The study showed that the first two types include spatial-settlement structures that are stable in time with approximately the same level of population vulnerability during the year, while the third type requires a special differentiated approach to the development of measures to protect the population from natural and man-made emergencies. Calculations have shown that “nomadic” type of districts concentrate on average from 2.2 million people in the summer season to 3 million people in the winter season, that is, a very significant share of the entire population of the capital.

PREVALENCE OF LATENT TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION AMONG MEDICAL WORKERS

The analysis of the results of immunological tests (skin test with tuberculosis recombinant allergen in standard dilution, hereinafter referred to as the test with ATP) and laboratory immunological test IGRA, delivered in 2019-2022 to employees of medical organizations of the Moscow Department of Health, working in four administrative districts of Moscow (Central, Western, South-Western, Troitsk and Novomoskovsk, next – CAD, WAD, SWAD/T&NAD). Among the average annual number of employees over 5 years – 43,452 people, with medical examination and exclusion of tuberculosis, the prevalence of persons with latent tuberculosis infection (LTI) was 2.6, 6.1 and 1.8%, in the CAD, WAD and SWAD/T&NAD, respectively, or 3.4% in general to these districts. At the same time, the average annual frequency of detection of cases of LTI («first detected LTI») was 0.6, 1.3 and 0.6% in these districts, respectively, and 0.75% in all districts as a whole. 95.4% of the employees were assigned a course of preventive therapy (PT), 45.8% of which the course was started. Among the latter, 85.0% successfully completed the course, 14.1% – the course was interrupted by the patient, and 0.9% – canceled by the doctor due to adverse events. The main PT regimen used (78.4%) included 3 months of taking a combination of isoniazid and pyrazinamide (INN: isoniazid 150 mg + pyrazinamide 500 mg), which showed a low proportion of adverse events – 3.1%. The identification of workers of medical organizations of LTI allows to determine a group high risk for tuberculosis and to allocate a group of persons for preventive therapy

Ecological and geochemical assessment of woody vegetation along the highways of Moscow

The accumulation of heavy metals (HM) in the leaves of woody plants has been studied on busy municipal highways in North-Eastern (NEAD) and South-Western (SWAD) administrative districts of Moscow. Background contents and their exceeding values for Fe, Sr, Ba, Cr, Cu, Mn, Zn, Bi, Ni, Pb were determined. The study showed that among the dominant deciduous tree species, hanging birch, Norway maple, and small-leaved linden have a high ability to accumulate heavy metals, which are characterized by the accumulation of such elements as Zn, Mn, Sr. According to content of HM in the leaves for the studied territories, an acceptable category of pollution and a greater contribution of the technogenic component is observed in SWAD in comparison with NEAD.

Concept and Imitation Modeling of Sustained Transport Model in Moscow Area

The article presents the concept of sustainable development of a street road network segment connecting the Koptevo district and the Timiryazevskiy district in the Northern Administrative District of Moscow. When designing the concept of changes, the authors used common scientific methods in their research in order to determine problems and related domain objects. It was found that the sustainable development of this area requires modernization of the district’s transport system. All traffic flows, their objects, relations and external characteristics affecting the nature of traffic were identified for this road segment. This resulted in a formal model of traffic flow. By analyzing the research findings, the authors developed a concept of road infrastructure changes to improve the time, environmental and safe efficiency of traffic flows. To substantiate the efficiency, a formal traffic model was developed along with its respective parametric model being a basis for the imitation model.

Pedestrian Flows Analysis to Create a Sustainable Development Concept for a Metropolitan Area

This article presents the results of structuring the territory adjacent to Pryanishnikov Street in the Timiryazevsky District of the Northern Administrative District of Moscow. The key objects of the street road network that form the pedestrian flows are highlighted. The rules of interaction between pedestrian flows and the influence of external factors have been established. Based on this we constructed undirected graphs reflecting the connectivity of pedestrian routes, the influence of infrastructure objects on them, and the density of flows depending on the time of day and days of the week. Such results are the basis for simulation modeling, allowing to obtain an adequate model to assess the impact of decisions on the area development, and the operational management of traffic and pedestrian flows of the street road network.

Road Network Research Towards Sustainable Development of the Metropolitan Area

The article presents the analysis of a road network section located in Timiryazevsky District of Northern Administrative District of Moscow. Following the survey, traffic organisation characteristics were obtained, as well as the data on pedestrian flows, traffic density, operational features of public transport and zoning of the area adjacent to the object of study in terms of its use. The obtained results represent the main input parameters for simulation modelling that allows assessing different scenarios for sustainable development of the territory.

Models of Pedestrian Flows for the Concept of Sustainable Development of Moscow Area

The article defines the problem of environmental condition of a road segment and the reasons for such condition. Key factors have been defined having a negative effect on the environment. One of the factors is organization of pedestrian traffic in the transport system of the Koptevo district in the Northern Administrative District of Moscow. The research target boundaries have been defined, which are limited by Mikhalkovskaya Street and adjacent area. The research target has been structurally analyzed to identify all key objects and their characteristics affecting the pedestrian flows. Graphical and parametric models of the research target have been developed, which are a basis for modeling scenarios of changes in various characteristics of a real object. Such changes are necessary to develop the concept of sustainable development of the area.

Features of the epidemiological history of patients with Lyme borreliosis

In the treatment of Lyme borreliosis (LB), early diagnosis is a key component. The epidemiological history of the patient plays one of the leading roles in suspected borreliosis and at the same time is an important criterion for clinical diagnosis.Purpose. Analysis of epidemiological history data in outpatient cases of LB in Moscow.Material and methods. We conducted a retrospective, non-randomized, single-center cohort study, based on the analysis of data from 660 outpatient records of patients, referred by local physician with tick bite or suspicion of LB, and consulted by an infectious disease specialist on the basis of the Infectious clinical hospital No.1 in Moscow. For further analysis, patients were divided by age and the presence or absence of LB. Confirmation of LB was based on clinical and/or laboratory criteria using methods of enzyme immunoassay and immune blot.Results. We have updated the epidemiological features of the LB for Moscow, such as: the relative number of cases in the administrative districts of Moscow, places and seasonality of tick bites. Among children, compared with adults, cases of a tick bite without the development of LB was predominant, which must be taken into account in order to avoid overdiagnosis of LB. In patients with LB, an indication of the fact of tick bite in the anamnesis was much less common than going to its habitats.Conclusion. Our data clarify the epidemiological features of LB for residents of Moscow. In the absence of a history of indications of tick bite, an informative sign for clinical diagnosis is a visit to its habitats, including not only trips to wooded areas, but also to suburban areas and parks.

Noise Pollution of Vehicles: Experience of Modeling and Assessment in Urban Environments

Vehicle noise modeling on the territory of a multi-storey residential buildings was carried out using specialized Predictor software. The article presents the results of traffic noise propagation modeling for the areas of the Vernadsky and Lomonosovsky avenues of Moscow in the in the South-West Administrative District of Moscow, compared data with measurement at control points demonstrate a high convergence of calculated and measured values. The noice propagation within a residential area was analyzed. It was shown that multi-entrance houses located close to the roadways act as acoustic screens reducing the sound level by about 20 dBA. Zoning of the study area was performed according to the level of noise impact.

Экологическая оценка качества воды Большого Садового пруда на территории Тимирязевской академии в Москве

The paper presents the results of the assessment of water quality in a Large Garden pond, which is located in the Timiryazevsky district of the Northern Administrative District of Moscow, on the territory of the park RGAU-MSHA named after K. A. Timiryazev. Oxygen dissolved in water, temperature, hydrogen index (pH) and the content of iron, copper, chlorides, nitrites and ammonium nitrogen were measured in the studied reservoir in winter and summer 2020 according to a single sampling and analysis scheme. Water sampling for analysis was carried out in accordance with GOST 51592-2000 "Water. General requirements for sampling" at 7 points distributed along the horizontal and vertical axes of the pond, at three levels (on the surface, in the middle of the water column and at the bottom). Determination of chemical indicators of water quality was carried out on the day of water sampling by photometric method, on the spectrophotometer "PC spectro Lovibond". Studies have shown a significant spatial variation of most of the studied indicators both in the pond area and in the depth of the reservoir, reaching multiple differences in the case of ammonium content and pronounced in the content of chlorides, iron and copper. On average, an almost twofold increase in the chloride content in winter indicates a significant impact on the water quality in the pond of the use of anti-icing reagents in the adjacent territory. The copper content increases significantly in the summer, with the highest values in the dam part of the pond with the maximum level of technogenic load. The lowest content of pollutants is observed in the upper part of the pond with minimal anthropogenic load. The negative impact of the roadway of Pryanishnikov Street is much more pronounced than the intense recreational load in the beach area. The anthropogenic alkalinization of the environment characteristic of Moscow is less evident in the central part of the pond with maximum depths. The dissolved oxygen content is closely related to the temperature of the water and the depth of its sampling. In summer, it is more at the bottom than at the surface of the pond. In winter, samples taken in the surface horizons of the reservoir are characterized by a lower temperature and are more saturated with oxygen than water samples taken at depth. The results obtained show the importance of the depth and area of the pond mirror for preserving the quality of its water in Moscow. Anthropogenic water pollution, which does not reach the maximum permissible concentrations, but is pronounced even in the conditions of one of the most environmentally friendly areas of the city, is actualized by the task of further reducing the regulated level of man-made load on the territories adjacent to urban reservoirs. The increased spatial variation of water quality and the patterns of its changes in the water area and depth of the reservoir noted in the work should be taken into account when planning and evaluating the results of monitoring and reclamation measures. Keywords: WATER QUALITY, AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS, HYDROCHEMICAL PARAMETERS, TEMPERATURE, CHEMICAL ELEMENTS, DISSOLVED OXYGEN

Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among the adult population of several administrative districts of Moscow before the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction. Currently, increased attention of public policy is paid to non-communicable diseases, which are the leading causes in the structure of mortality, disability and morbidity of the population. In this connection, many government programs are currently being implemented to prevent non-communicable diseases and correct risk factors. Finland's experience in the implementation of the North Karelia project has shown the effectiveness of the prevention of noncommunicable diseases through interagency cooperation. As a result, one of the priority areas of work of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation has become the formation of a unified system of strengthening public health. In 2020, the Moscow Department of Health approved the Regional Program for Strengthening the Public Health of the Moscow Population, on the basis of which district programs began to be developed. Objective. Analysis of the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among the adult population of the Northern, North-Eastern and Southern administrative districts for 2017–2019. Materials and methods. The materials used were programs to strengthen the public health of the population of the Northern Administrative District, Northern Eastern Administrative District and the Southern Administrative District of Moscow. Results. The largest number of pathological abnormalities in the course of a preventive medical examination and clinical examination is revealed during a survey (questionnaire) and examination by a general practitioner, i. e. at the beginning and at the end of the first stage of clinical examination. According to the results of preventive medical examinations and clinical examination, the greatest contribution (more than 50 %) is made by such risk factors as inappropriate nutrition, low physical activity and overweight, the smallest proportion was hyperglycemia (from 1.2 % to 2.9 %). A high percentage of identified risk factors for non-communicable diseases is noted in the age group 39–60 years old (mainly among women), about 40 % – in the elderly population (over 60 years old).

Features of bonuses for employees of multifunctional centers in Moscow

The article has devoted to the analysis of the bonus system in the multifunctional center (MFC) of the regional significance of the South-Eastern Administrative District of Moscow. The authors considered the dynamics of the creation and development of the MFC, the coverage of the population with the MFC network, general approaches to the formation of the system of remuneration of budgetary institutions, conducted a survey among employees of their satisfaction with the bonus system. To eliminate the noted shortcomings in the current bonus system, proposals for to improve it.

Современное распространение травяной (Rana temporaria) и остромордой (R. arvalis) лягушек (Amphibia, Anura) в «старой» Москве

The common frog (Rana temporaria) and the moor frog (R. arvalis) lived in all green areas of Moscow until the end of the 20th century. The reduction in the area of woody vegetation, the destruction of breeding sites and introduction of the invasive fish Perccottus glenii contributed to the extinction of these amphibians in most of the city. The paper provides information on the distribution of brown frogs in Moscow based on the results of monitoring in 2020. R. temporaria was found in 37 localities in the Northwestern (6 points), Northern (3 points), Northeastern (1 point), Eastern (9 points), Southeastern (1 point), Southern (5 points), Southwestern (5 points) and Western (7 points) administrative districts. Eleven finds (29.7%) are located outside of specially protected natural areas. Most of the species’ habitats (30 points, or 81.1%) are isolated from other populations. R. arvalis was found in 14 localities in the Northwestern (3 points), Northern (3 points), Eastern (4 points), Southwestern (1 point) and Western (3 points) administrative districts of Moscow. Of all the finds noted, three ones (21.4%) are located outside of specially protected natural areas. The vast majority of the habitats of the species (10 points, or 71.4%) are isolated.

Analysis of consumer behaviour in a retail drugstore chain in Russia based on the type of consumer loyalty

Purpose: To identify the consumer loyalty types in a retail segment of the Russian pharmaceutical market.
 Methods: A sociological study was conducted in pharmaceutical organisations of various forms of ownership, located in different administrative districts of Moscow (Russian Federation). This was done using a questionnaire developed in advance, and based on literature review. The survey involved 480 respondents selected in a simple random sampling.
 Results: All questionnaire filled out by the respondents were considered valid. Analysis of the loyalty parameters obtained during the study are as follows: (1) behavioural (repeated purchases), (2) emotional (subjective opinions and experience, sympathy, respect for the brand, etc) and (3) rational (utility assessment) components (4) consumer satisfaction, (5) the desire to buy again, (6) the ability to switch to competitors. They were allocated to four consumer segments. In the course of the study, one consumer segment identified a type of loyalty that had not been previously reviewed by other authors; therefore, a modified classification of the loyalty types was created. Under this classification, constancy, constancy imaginary, inconstancy, and migratory loyalties can be some types of loyalty. The identified socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents influenced the categorization of the loyalty type.
 Conclusion: A modified classification of loyalty types was created which serves as a parameter for segmentation of the respondents into four groups, with well-readable characteristics and the primary trends in making purchases.

The impact of vaccination against influenza and pneumococcal infection on the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections and community-acquired pneumonia in the Central Administrative District of Moscow

Background. Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) and pneumococcal infections (PI) annually cause great damage to the health and working capacity of the population, and lead to economic losses for employers and the state. Aim. To study the impact of influenza and PI vaccination coverage on morbidity of ARVI and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) of the morbidity of population in Central administrative district (CAD) of Moscow. Material and methods. The analysis of official data on monitoring of morbidity from ARVI and CAP was carried out, and information on vaccination of the population against influenza and PI for 2012–2018 was used. Results. In 2018 ARVI accounted for 95.2% of infectious morbidity and the incidence rate was 29853.5 per 100 ths population. Over the period from 2012–2018, the incidence of ARVI and influenza gradually decreased by 2016, but in 2017 the incidence of ARVI was increased to the level of 2012 (+25.3%) however influenza was decreased (-40.9%). In 2018, the incidence of ARVI in adults remained at the level of 2017, and in children there was a decrease (-16.9%). The incidence of influenza in 2018 decreased in both adults (-65.4%) and children (-63.9%). During 2012–2018 the incidence of CAP had a persistent tendency to increase. The coverage of influenza vaccination in CAD population of Moscow has increased annually since 2012 and in 2018 reached 85.5% of children 0–17 years old and 65.5% of adults 18 years and older, and against PI – 46.3% of children and 2.6% of adults. Conclusion. The epidemic circulation of ARVI and influenza had a significant impact on the morbidity of CAD population of Moscow in 2012–2018. Annual vaccination of the population lead to decreasing of influenza incidence but the incidence of pneumonia tended to increase and need to improve prevention.

Teacher’s request: multimedia manuals for the formation of student’s health

The article presents the results of survey of teachers in Moscow schools to study a request of learning materials for formation of healthy lifestyle and prevention of health problems of students in educational process both in the classroom and in distance learning and their preferences in content of such tools. 270 teachers from 27 general education complexes of different administrative districts of Moscow took part in the survey (December 2020). The results of survey shows that today there is a shortage of educational materials on electronic resources aimed at forming student’s health and preventing its violations. There is a request from the teachers for development and creation of such tools and mainly multimedia materials.

Monitoring of Pests and Diseases of the Dendroflora of the Southwest Administrative District of Moscow

the data of monitoring of tree stands of the Southwest Administrative District of Moscow for 2019–2020 are presented. Typical plant diseases and damage, as well as species resistant to diseases and pests, were identified. The plants were found to be highly affected by farinaceous food and marginal necrosis, as well as a high degree of damage by leaf beetles insects, and leafhoppers.

Оценка интенсивности транспортных потоков с использованием геоинформационных систем

The main discussion is about methods for assessing the intensity of traffic flows using geoinformation technologies. The intensity of traffic flows is one of the key indicators that determine the emission from transport in urban areas. In Russia, the growth in the volume and share of motor transport in pollution is increasing under the influence of an increase in the number of cars. This is most obvious examples of it are regions of the Central Federal District, but in the regional centers, under the influence of the improvement in the structure of the vehicle park, the growth of pollution is much slower, and in Moscow it has practically stabilized. At the local level, the determining factor of road traffic pollution is the change in the building density and the transport-planning structure. The collection and calculation of indicators that give an idea of the spatial differentiation of emissions from road transport is a very time-consuming stage of the study. The most common method of obtaining information on the transport and environmental situation in the city is directly field data collection. However, this method is quite time consuming for research. In conditions when the transport infrastructure is developing rapidly, the speed of field observations does not allow promptly updating information on changes in the traffic load of the road network and, as a result, assessing the current ecological situation in the territory. As an alternative to the traditional collection of information, modern sources of geoinformation data can be used. The services, originally developed to provide operational monitoring of the traffic situation and the construction of optimal routes, can also serve as a source of data for models for assessing the intensity of traffic load in environmental studies. The proposed technique has been tested at the level of districts and administrative districts of Moscow. The results obtained are compared with control field observations. The relatively low measurement error when using data from information systems is compensated by the possibility of more efficiently obtaining information about the traffic load on the sections of the road network.

Provisions Supporting Dialectical Thinking and Emotion Comprehension in Kindergarten Settings

This paper explores the correlations between provisions created by teachers to support dialectical thinking and emotion comprehension in the learning environment of preschool institutions. Particularly, it describes the instruments designed by researchers at Moscow City University’s Laboratory of Child Development to assess the characteristics of preschool learning environment that promote dialectical thinking and emotion comprehension of children. Assessment scales were constructed using the principles underlying the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (ECERS‑3). This article presents the results of validation of the developed assessment tools, which involved the contrasting groups method, analysis of expert scores consistency, and calculation of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha). Than the validated tools were used to test the hypothesis that preschool teachers who create provisions to support emotion comprehension in children are significantly more likely to also support provisions for dialectical thinking. The sample consisted of 31 preschool student groups from 23 educational institutions representing nine administrative districts of Moscow, with both low- and high-quality learning environments. Correlation analysis was used to demonstrate a strong relationship between preschool settings necessary to develop emotion comprehension and dialectical thinking of children. The findings of this study allow recommending the designed tools to be used for assessment of kindergarten learning environments and can serve as the basis for reconceptualizing the pedagogical framework of supporting emotional and cognitive development of children to make it more coherent and consistently embracing the psychological characteristics of preschoolers.

Профессиональное выгорание как объект исследования в психологической науке

The article presents the original periodization of the study of professional burnout based upon the analysis of Russian and foreign studies. 338 employees working for social welfare facilities of the Southern Administrative District of Moscow (251 women, 87 men, age of participants ranged from 22 to 64 years old, the average age was 44,9±10,7 years old) have been examined. The Spearman’s rank of correlation coefficient has revealed significant links at the level p≤0,01 and helped form 4 groups: general work satisfaction; job satisfaction; employees’ relationship satisfaction; a fully functioning person. The study revealed key relations among professional burnout of professional social workers, the level of work satisfaction, and indices of a fully functioning person.