Police Administration Research Articles

Unravelling the First Three Trials at Indonesias Ad Hoc Court for Human Rights Violations in East Timor

The trials at Indonesia's Ad Hoc Court for Human Rights in East Timor have been widely condemned. ‘Sham’ and ‘show trial’ are the terms frequently used to describe the process, yet to date there has been little substantive assessment that adequately explains or documents the process. This article offers a detailed assessment of the first three trials at the court, namely that of a former governor of East Timor (Abilio Soares), a former police chief of East Timor (Timbul Silaen), and five members of the military, police, and civil administration accused of responsibility for the Suai church massacre. In 2000, the international community gave a shamed nation the opportunity to redeem its honour and reputation by bringing to justice those of its nationals responsible for the destruction of East Timor in a process that met international standards. But the inescapable conclusion for the author is that the cases of Abilio Soares, Timbul Silaen, and the Suai church massacre were not conducted in a way that was consistent with an intent to bring to justice persons responsible for gross violations of human rights in East Timor.

Violence, politics and the state in Bangladesh

The politics and ideology of South Asia has been characterised by violence for a considerable time. Bangladesh is no exception, where violence is both widespread and multifaceted. It arises for political, economic, and socio-cultural reasons and is evidenced not only in the incidence of violence but also in the availability of small arms, in the evident political ties with violent organisations and criminal activities, in the prevalence of corruption and the effect which all this has on the forces of law and order. This poses enormous challenges for the state which urgently needs to introduce measures of reform in the judicial and police administration system. De-linking politics from the activities of criminals and terrorists is an important first step toward this goal.

Book Review: Police Administration in Africa: Toward Theory and Practice in the English-Speaking Countries

Book Review: Police Administration in Africa: Toward Theory and Practice in the English-Speaking Countries

Effective Police Administration: Criminal Investigations in Japan

Japan has maintained a very low crime rate and a correspondingly high clearance rate for a long time, but recently the circumstances surrounding criminal investigation have been changing remarkably. In order to compare criminal investigations among the developed countries, it will be very informative to consider the situation in Japan. This article gives a brief introduction to the conditions for, and characteristics of, police criminal investigations in Japan. The first part explains the background to investigations, for example limited legal competence, the cooperative attitude of citizens and changing circumstances in recent times (the increase in the number of offences, new demands from the public and victim support). In the second part, the characteristics of police criminal investigations are noted, that is organised investigations, forensic investigations and countermeasures under the new criminal situation.

Authority, accountability and representation: the United Provinces police and the dilemmas of the colonial policeman in British India, 1902–39*

Abstract This article examines police administration and the experience of colonial policing in the villages and towns of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, one of the largest and most important regions of British India in the early twentieth century. During this time it was the inefficiency and weakness of the British in their policing methods, rather than the brutally effective use of the Indian Police Service, that fuelled resentment among the population of colonial India and led to widespread discontent among European and Indian officers and constables. Yet throughout this period, the police remained the most important link between Europeans and Indians, and were a frequent conduit for social exchange as well as a point of bitter conflict.

Police Vehicular Pursuits: An Overview of Research and Legal Conceptualizations for Police Administrators

Research into the realm of police pursuits is fraught with many complex, often conflicting methodologies and ending results. Some projects have indicated police pursuits to be highly dangerous and in need of better supervisory and administrative control. Others maintain that pursuits are not as dangerous as previously believed and are, therefore, an integral and necessary component of police duties. Struggling to come to terms with the many intricate scholarly research endeavors in this area, along with the variety of legal decisions so often occurring as a result of a pursuit gone awry, is the police administrator. Ultimately, it remains the responsibility of the policy writers and administrators to devise effective, efficient policy with regard to police vehicular pursuits. Only through improving written policy will negative outcomes of police pursuits such as accidents, injuries, fatalities, and litigation wane.

Women in tribal policing: an examination of their status and experiences

This paper presents a portion of a study conducted from 1996 to 2001. The paper focuses on the role of women in tribal policing. The findings indicate that women are more highly represented in tribal policing than in non-Indian police departments. Five times more women hold positions of supervision and command in tribal police departments than in non-Indian departments. Of great significance is the lack of gender-based hostility perceived by women in tribal police departments. These findings contrast greatly with research conducted on the role of women in mainstream policing. There, studies have found that that female police officers are somewhat disconnected from the traditional power structure within mainstream policing, and are viewed by police administrations, and by themselves, as bringing different values and gifts to the role of policing. Research of mainstream police departments has also found that women are generally outside power structures within policing and consider themselves hampered in their chosen profession. This paper examines the differences in perception and achievement of women in tribal policing and explores possible explanations for these differences.

Ekspertai viešosios politikos formavimo procese: kriminologinis žinojimas ir nepilnamečių justicijos reformos ateitis

The aim of this paper was to acquire a deeper understanding of the processes during which a construction of criminological knowledge is taking place and to analyse the complex relationships between experts and other agents in the formation of a particular task, that of juvenile criminal justice reform. Juvenile justice is regarded as one of the components of the Lithuanian criminal justice policy. Juvenile justice as a public policy is closely linked to various groups of experts such as lawyers, criminologists, police administrators, social workers, etc. My intention was to examine ways by which criminological knowledge has been mobilised by the Lithuanian political authorities when tasks are allocated to experts. An analytical theoretical model of public policy that included analysis at three levels (state, professionals and individual) illustrates a process during which the state mobilises criminological knowledge and certain professional groups monopolise spheres of influence. Qualitative methods (semi-structured interviews with experts), document analysis and secondary data served as major sources for the analysis of this case study. Knowledge-power discourse as a Foucaultian truism about criminology's utility to power sheds light on the mutual relationship and interaction between academics and policy makers. This relationship has yet to become a research agenda in post-soviet societies. A case-study of the Lithuanian juvenile justice reform demonstrates that criminology as a discipline is being institutionalised and is achieving an advisory role in the decision making process. On the one hand, the close connection to power creates favourable conditions for applications of legitimised academic knowledge, which consequently can encourage social change and reform. On the other hand, the adaptation of academic knowledge to that of powerful groups strengthens the historical tendency in criminology, that is, to become merely administrative and utilitarian to power.

Law enforcement employment discrimination based on sexual orientation: A selective review of case law

Homosexuality has been the subject of discrimination from Biblical times through the present. Homosexuals continue to experience pervasive forms of discrimination, including denial of employment which they may be otherwise qualified to obtain. One profession that is particularly open in its discrimination against homosexual employees is law enforcement. This article traces the development of homosexuals’ rights as they specifically relate to employment in law enforcement. Examples of common arguments raised by police administrators to justify such actions are examined with each illustrated by an example from relevant case law. Finally, areas in which the law has begun to provide greater protection for the employment rights of homosexuals are identified.

A pragmatic method for teaching and assessing research methods*

One of the most demanding tasks for the professor is to develop the research and writing skills of students. This article describes the use of a teaching method that was originally developed to improve the research and writing skills of graduate students and subsequently adapted for use in a police executive development program. The method, as well as other programmatic and curricular changes, improved the scholarly quality of the applied research conducted by the participants, enabled police administrators to be better consumers of research, and simultaneously increased the number of individuals completing the research requirement.

The Diversion Decision-Making Process from the Juvenile Court Practitioners' Perspective

This research examined the reported effect of legal and nonlegal factors on those who actually make decisions about juvenile diversion. Previous researchers have analyzed the outcomes of recorded decisions made in the official justice process, with special attention paid to the effects of legal and extralegal variables on juvenile diversion decisions. However, little attention has been given to how the key players explain the influence of these factors on decision-making processes in the juvenile justice system. These actors—court-designated workers, county-appointed attorneys, and police administrators—significantly affect the outcomes of the diversion decision. This research attempts to fill in gaps left by earlier research between how the process is supposed to work in legislation and previously observed differences with regard to the effect of legal and extralegal factors on recorded outcomes. It is suggested that process-related factors should be examined to strengthen the understanding of how diversion decision making is achieved. These results are particularly significant in a time of increasing calls for get-tough and zero-tolerance policies with regard to even minor juvenile infractions.

Critical Incident Intelligence Gathering, Coordination and Analysis

ABSTRACT Critical incident response and management operations require an immediate and continuous flow of intelligence. The continuous flow of information becomes the lifeblood of a critical incident. All response elements whether on-scene or in a support role must have the ability to synchronize and contribute to the intelligence process. Crisis negotiators perform a vital function with intelligence gathering, intelligence analysis, and intelligence coordination. Negotiators must have the training and ability to process information quickly and accurately in order to support a commander's decision-making process. Police administrators and line commanders must be proactive in critical incident response planning, preparation and the provision of training.

The police in Norway: a profile

This paper describes the current state of policing in Norway. Interview data were collected from police administrators, police academy instructors, and police recruits. In addition, observational data were collected from patrol ride‐alongs. The organizational structure of Norwegian police at the national level; individual police stations; police recruitment and training; traffic regulation, law enforcement, order maintenance and crime prevention; and police‐public interactions in Norway are discussed. Distinct features of the Norwegian police include a flat hierarchy, strong union influence, and informal selection methods, all of which derive from the unique sociodemographic and geographic landscape of Norway combined with the influence of British and European models of policing.

A profile of police administration resources: using textbook citations to determine collecting parameters

Cited references and suggested readings from undergraduate textbooks can help collection development librarians define parameters of newly emerging fields of study. This study examined the citations from four heavily used textbooks in police administration in order to gain an overview of the resources experts use to introduce their subject to undergraduates. Books were cited more than journals. Government publications, court cases, and association publications contributed substantially to the field. Monographic and serial resources in business, management, public affairs, labor relations, sociology, and law were cited frequently, reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of the field. Materials from the 70s and 80s were cited more often than current resources. Using the compiled data as a base, the author suggests implications for building collections geared toward students in the field.

CHALLENGES FOR MULTILEVEL MODELS OF SCHOOL DISORDER: RESPONSE TO HOFFMANN AND JOHNSON*

CriminologyVolume 38, Issue 4 p. 1289-1300 CHALLENGES FOR MULTILEVEL MODELS OF SCHOOL DISORDER: RESPONSE TO HOFFMANN AND JOHNSON* WAYNE N. WELSH, WAYNE N. WELSH Temple UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorPATRICIA H. JENKINS, PATRICIA H. JENKINS Temple UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorJACK R. GREENE, JACK R. GREENE Northeastern UniversitySearch for more papers by this author WAYNE N. WELSH, WAYNE N. WELSH Temple UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorPATRICIA H. JENKINS, PATRICIA H. JENKINS Temple UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorJACK R. GREENE, JACK R. GREENE Northeastern UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: 07 March 2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2000.tb01424.xCitations: 9 * The research reported here was supported by Grant 93-IJ-CX-0038 from the U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice (NIJ). Opinions expressed here are those of the authors and not necessarily of the U.S. Department of Justice. ‡ Wayne N. Welsh is Associate Professor of Criminal Justice at Temple University. He received his Ph.D. in Social Ecology from the University of California, Irvine, in 1990. His research has focused on organizational change, corrections, theories of violence, and violence prevention. He is author of Counties in Court: Jail Overcrowding and Court-Ordered Reform (Temple University Press, 1995), Criminal Justice Policy and Planning, with Philip Harris (Anderson Publishing Company, 1999), and Criminal Violence: Patterns, Causes and Prevention, with Marc Riedel (Roxbury, in progress). § Recent articles have appeared in Criminology, Crime and Delinquency, and Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. ¶ Patricia H. Jenkins, J.D., Ph.D., is Associate Professor of Criminal Justice at Temple University. Her recent publications are in the areas of school delinquency and juvenile violence prevention. Her current work focuses on the design, development, and implementation of intensive aftercare initiatives for high-risk juvenile offenders. ‖ Jack R. Greene is Dean of the School of Criminal Justice at Northeastern University. He received his Ph.D. in Multi-Disciplinary Social Science from Michigan State University. His research has examined policy analysis in criminal justice, crime prevention in public housing, police organizational dynamics, evaluation of police services, and police officer decision making and behavior. He is co-author of Police Administration, 1996 (with James J. Fyfe, William F. Walsh, O.W. Wilson and Roy C. McLaren), and Community Policing: Rhetoric and Reality, 1988 (edited with Stephen Mastrofski). AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume38, Issue4November 2000Pages 1289-1300 RelatedInformation

Emerging trends in police failure to train liability

The United States Supreme Court in the City of Canton v. Harris (1989) held failing to train police officers may be the basis for managerial liability under Title 42 United States Code Section 1983. Using a content analysis, 1,525 Section 1983 lawsuits alleging failure to train were reviewed from 1989 to 1999. The research revealed ten frequent topic areas where the plaintiff regularly identifies police administrators as defendants. Emerging trends of this litigation and recommendations for police administrators are discussed.

A competency analysis of law enforcement training and its linkage to recreation as intervention in youth crime prevention

The increase in the occurrence of juvenile crime has become a major concern for most communities throughout the United States. As a result, law enforcement efforts have been intensified, thus bringing the policing authority closer to the daily existence of all youth. The focus of this study was how police are trained in the area of human relations. It was the purpose of the study to investigate whether community relations aspects of police training are addressing community recreation issues as they relate to youth crime prevention. A total of 525 police academy training administrators were selected via a stratified random sampling process. A validated questionnaire, the results of a Delphi, was administered to elicit the importance placed on twenty-two competencies in the community relations area of police training. A total of 232 (44.2 percent response) respondents were used in the data analysis. It was revealed that highest priority is given to those elements of human relations training directly related to law enforcement. Police administrators noted the lack of sufficient priority placed on this area of training. There appeared to be little consensus as to the role of human relations training for anything beyond direct law enforcement. It was concluded that the leisure service organization and the police department should address the way that the linkage can be effective in addressing recreation as intervention. Further study as to the future of collaborative relationships between these two functions is suggested.

Neighbourhood Watch Programmes in Taiwan: Police Attitudes, Crime Rate and Community Support

This paper evaluates the impact of neighbourhood watch programmes (NWPs) on the 14 police precincts of the Taipei Metropolitan Police Department with regard to the following areas: crime rate; 911 emergency calls; citizen feeling of safety; community support; crime prevention and police-community relations. The paper examines the effects of four independent variables which include the number of NWPs in each police precinct, the precinct characteristics, officers' participation in NWPs and officers' degree of support for NWPs. Using data collected from the official data and a survey of 1,631 Taiwanese officers, the authors employed ordinary least square (OLS) regression and found that officers believed that NWPs can reduce drug, juvenile and total crimes. Regression results of the official data show that the numbers of NWPs were negatively related to drug and juvenile crimes but were positively related to burglary and the number of 911 emergency calls. However, the implementation of NWPs did not significantly affect violent crime, minor crime, robbery and total crime. This paper concludes that policies regarding NWPs in Taiwan must be consistent with the theoretical principles and values of community policing philosophy and that there is a need for more research concerning the citizen and police administrator perspectives.

Fast Emergency Vehicle Preemption Systems

In an automotive society that increasingly depends on cars, the National Police Agency is tackling the problem of operation support of emergency vehicles for incidents, accidents, and other emergency cases in order to manage traffic appropriately. This support of emergency vehicle operations is considered to be one of nine developing fields in Japan’s intelligent transportation systems. Recently, to deal with an increasing crime rate, a growing number of accidents, and problems with the elderly, more and more emergency vehicles are being dispatched. Against this background, it is indispensable for the police administration, as the manager of traffic and as an important instrument for maintaining peace and order, to help emergency vehicles in urgent situations reach the scene at the earliest possible moment and to prevent accidents during operations. Fast emergency preemption systems have a two-way communication function through the use of an infrared beacon, which is the key infrastructure of a traffic control system. Such a system supports the operation of emergency vehicles in a safe and effective manner by using route guidance and priority signal control; it also warns civilian vehicles about approaching emergency vehicles.

Acceptance of community policing among police officers and police administrators

Community policing has evolved from a set of programs to a conceptual framework describing one way that police services can be effectively delivered. As this approach has emerged, the level of evaluation of specific programs has been higher than has traditionally been the case. At the present time, program evaluations are becoming more sophisticated and focused. The study reported here was designed to measure the attitudes held by police officers toward community policing with a set of sub‐scales designed to measure different dimensions of the attitudinal construct. Findings are based on a survey of the population of police officers in Racine, Wisconsin, conducted in 1997.