Administration Of Lincomycin Research Articles

Akkermansia muciniphila Protects Against Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Mice.

Probiotics are used to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) via the restoration of the gut microbiota. However, the precise effects of Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk), which is a promising probiotics, on AAD are unknown. Here, AAD models were established via the administration of lincomycin and ampicillin with or without pasteurized Akk or Amuc_1100 treatment. A diffusion test revealed that Akk was susceptible to the majority of the antibiotics, such as ampicillin. These effects were confirmed by the reduced Akk abundance in AAD model mice. Pasteurized Akk or Amuc_1100 significantly decreased the diarrhea status score and colon injury of AAD model mice. Additionally, these treatments significantly decreased the relative abundance of Citrobacter at genus level and reshaped the metabolic function of gut microbiota. Notably, pasteurized Akk or Amuc_1100 significantly changed the serum metabolome of AAD model mice. In addition, pasteurized Akk or Amuc_1100 suppressed intestinal inflammation by upregulating the expression of GPR109A and SLC5A8 and downregulating the expression of TNFα, IFNγ, IL1β, and IL6. Furthermore, they enhanced water and electrolyte absorption by upregulating AQP4, SLC26A3, and NHE3. Pasteurized Akk or Amuc_1100 also restored intestinal barrier function by ameliorating the downregulation of ZO-1, OCLN, CLDN4, and Muc2 in AAD model mice. In summary, optimizing intestinal health with pasteurized Akk or Amuc_1100 may serve as an approach for preventing AAD.

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Influence of a high-fat diet on inflammation and dysbiotic processes in the gums and blood serum of rats with lincomycin dysbiosis

Background. To determine the effect on the periodontium and the whole organism of excessive consumption of palm oil, against the background of lincomycin dysbiosis.Methods.The experiments were carried out on rats, divided into 3 groups: 1st ‒ control, 2nd and 3rd with dysbiosis, which was reproduced using lincomycin administered with drinking water at a dose of 60 mg / kg for 5 days. Rats of the 3rd group additionally received palm oil at a dose of16 g / kg with food. Rats were fed for 21 days. The activity of elastase, urease, lysozyme, catalase, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hyaluronic acid were determined in the blood serum and in the gums of rats.Results. In rats, the administration of lincomycin caused an increase in the serum and gum activity of elastase and MDA content, an increase in urease activity and the degree of dysbiosis, but a significant decrease in lysozyme activity.Conclusion. The introduction of lincomycin causes the development of systemic inflammation and generalized dysbiosis, the development of gingivitis and dysbiosis in the gums, especially when combining the administration of lincomycin with the consumption of palm oil.

First Experience on the Effect of In‐feed Lincomycin for the Control of Proliferative Enteropathy in Growing Pigs

This trial's aim was to evaluate the effect of in-feed lincomycin for the control of proliferative enteropathy (PE; also known as ileitis) in growing pigs, in which it is associated with significant morbidity levels. Investigation regarding the efficacy of this substance in growing pigs has never been carried out before in a field trial. The trial farm had a previous history of PE outbreaks. On day 1 of the trial (age of 62 +/- 1.5 days), 240 pigs were divided into two groups of 120 pigs/group which were allocated into five pens of 24 pigs each. Therefore, a randomized block design was used with two experimental groups (T1-T2) and five replicates (pens) per group. T1 group served as negative control (NC) animals which were receiving no medication and conversely T2 group received in-feed lincomycin at the dose of 110 mg/kg of feed. The treatment period lasted for 3 weeks, followed by an observation period of 4 weeks up to the age of 111 +/- 1.5 days which was the end of the grower stage. Administration of lincomycin at a dose of 110 mg/kg of feed had beneficial effects compared with the NC group. The pigs of T2 group showed significant improvement of their production parameters in terms of average daily body gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) not only during the treatment period (ADG: 0.515 +/- 0.050 versus 0.481 +/- 0.071 and FCR: 2.38 +/- 0.05 versus 2.56 +/- 0.08, for T2 and T1 groups respectively), but also during the remaining period until the end of the grower stage (observation period: ADG: 0.687 +/- 0.019 versus 0.646 +/- 0.044 and FCR: 2.58 +/- 0.02 versus 2.74 +/- 0.02 respectively). Other effects in the T2 group refer to the reduction of diarrhoea prevalence (mean pen diarrhoea score during the whole grower stage: 0.200 +/- 0.060 versus 0.632 +/- 0.041 respectively), morbidity rates (morbidity rates during the whole grower stage: 15.83% versus 45.00% respectively) and the reduction of Lawsonia intracellularis prevalence as shown by polymerase chain reaction diagnostic method (at the end of the treatment period: 10.0% versus 60.0% respectively). In conclusion, treatment with 110 mg lincomycin/kg of feed for 21 consecutive days had a beneficial effect on the control of PE in growing pigs.

Use of lincomycin to control respiratory infections in lambs: Effects on health and production

The efficacy of lincomycin to control respiratory infections in lambs was assessed in two trials. In trial I, 72 lambs with active mycoplasmal pneumonia were allocated as follows: lambs in group T2 were treated with lincomycin (5 mg kg −1 bodyweight, intramuscularly) twice 2 days apart, those in group T3 with lincomycin (5 mg kg −1 bodyweight, intramuscularly) thrice with 2-day intervals, those in group O with oxytetracycline (20 mg kg −1 bodyweight, intramuscularly) twice 4 days apart and those in group C were controls. In trial II, 48 25–30-day-old clinically healthy lambs were allocated as follows: lambs in group P2 received two injections of lincomycin (5 mg kg −1 bodyweight, intramuscularly) when 30- and 60-day-old, lambs in group P1/30 received one injection of lincomycin (5 mg kg −1 bodyweight, intramuscularly) when 30-day-old, lambs in group P1/60 received one injection of lincomycin (5 mg kg −1 bodyweight, intramuscularly) when 60-day-old and lambs in group C were controls. In trial I, treatment with lincomycin was associated with improved clinical scores; clinical cure rate 42 days after treatment was 87%, 100%, 87% and 0% for group T2, T3, O and C, respectively ( P < 0.001); treated lambs produced 18.5% (T2) or 26.5% (T3) heavier carcass than controls; no lung lesions were seen in group T3 lambs, whilst they were evident in 22% of group T2 or group O lambs and in 72% of control lambs; microorganisms were isolated from lung tissue samples of 5 group C and 1 group O lambs. In trial II, administration of lincomycin was associated with smaller clinical scores; prevalence rate of respiratory disorders at the end of the trial was 17%, 42%, 42% and 58% for group P2, P1/30, P1/60 and C, respectively ( P < 0.01); treated lambs were >4.5% heavier than controls; lung lesions were recorded in 1 group P2, 2 group P1/30 and group P1/60 and 5 group C lambs; microorganisms were isolated from 1 group P2, 3 group P1/30, 2 group P1/60 and 5 group C lambs. It is concluded that administration of lincomycin is effective for the treatment and the prevention of mycoplasmal atypical pneumonia in lambs.

In-vivo transfer of resistance plasmids in rat, human or pig-derived intestinal flora using a rat model.

Germ-free rats associated with either rat- (RIF), human- (HIF) or pig-(PIF) derived Enterobacteriaceae-free intestinal flora were used for in vivo experiments to detect transfer of antibiotic resistance. Transfer of resistance was observed most frequently from the porcine donor strain to acceptor strain Escherichia coli K12, showing the highest number of transconjugants in the faeces of HIF-rats. The rats associated with the human donor strain and E. coli K12 as acceptor showed transconjugants less frequently. Only the HIF-rats yielded transconjugants on each sampling day and none at all could be isolated from the PIF-rats. Almost no transconjugants were found in the faeces of rats associated with the pig donor strain and a wild human E. coli strain as acceptor. Factors such as the nature of the donor and recipient strains as well as the origin of the intestinal flora seemed to have an influence on plasmid transfer. Transferability was highest in the HIF-rats and could be increased by administration of lincomycin. This study showed that in vivo transfer of resistance plasmids is possible in rats associated with intestinal floras of different origins. The human intestinal flora seemed to permit better transfer of resistance than that derived from the pig or the rat.

水頭症を併発せず治癒した&lt;I&gt;Flavobacterium meningosepticum&lt;/I&gt;による新生児髄膜炎の1例

This paper reports a case of neonatal meningitis caused by Flavobacterium meningosepticum, recovered without hydrocephalus. Five day old boy with apneic episodes was transfered to our hospital from a obsteric hospital. Pathogens were isolated from blood on admission and hospital day 4, and from cerebrospinal fluid on hospital day 5. The chemotherapy to Fravobacterum meningitis was started on hospital day 5. Minocycline (MINO), erythromycin (EM) and piperacillin (PIPC) were administered intravenously.The next day, antibiotics were changed for cefmetazole (CMZ) and lincomycin (LCM) considered possible side effects of MINO in neonate and the sensitivity of isolated pathogen to EM and PIPC, though the cerebrospinal fluid became sterile and the general condition of the patient improved. On hospital day 9, the administration of LCM was discontinued, and CMZ alone continued for 13 days. After the discontinuance of the chemotherapy, the patient was still in good condition. The enlargement of the ventricles was not ofserved in the computed tomography of the brain performed in series. At 3 month old, the patient showed normal development without abnormal neurological signs. MINO and CMZ were considered to be effective in this case from the clinical course and the minimum inhibitory concentration of these antibiotics to the isolated Fravobacterium.

The spectrum of colitis associated with lincomycin and clindamycin therapy.

Ten cases of protracted diarrheal illness after the oral administration of lincomycin or clindamycin in standard dosages were observed in previously healthy subjects. An abrupt onset of diarrhea, crampy abdominal pain, fever, and leukocytosis was observed one to 12 days after discontinuation of the drug. Proctoscopic examination revealed erythematous friable mucosa covered with small raised, yellowish-white plaques that were sometimes confluent. Barium contrast studies of the colon demonstrated irregular shaggy mucosa, ulcerations, cobblestone appearance, and thumb printing. Rectal bipsy showed acute inflammation with pseudomembranes with focal or superficial ulcerations. All patients had a protracted course but recovered with supportive management. Follow-up barium enemas and proctoscopy were done on all patients and were normal. A history of diarrhea, fever, and mucosal changes seen on proctoscopy in a patient who has recently received one of these antibiotics should raise the possibility of colitis associated with clindamycin and lincomycin therapy.

The Spectrum of Lincomycin-Clindamycin Colitis

Seven cases of mild to severe colitis after the oral or parenteral administration of lincomycin or clindamycin were observed in previously healthy subjects. One subject presented a history of a similar but milder illness after an exposure to lincomycin 2 years earlier. Mild reactions were characterized by bloodless, watery diarrhea without fever or leukocytosis and minimal proctoscopic and radiological findings. Severe illness was associated with severe abdominal discomfort, fever, marked leukocytosis and proctoscopic and roentgenographic evidence of severe mucosal ulceration, and pseudomembrane and pseudopolyp formation. After a prolonged clinical course of supportive management, all patients returned to normal health with reversal of the proctoscopic and roentgenographic abnormalities. No recurrence of symptoms has been noted during follow-up periods of several months to 3 years.

Granulocytopenia Occurring During the Administration of Lincomycin

DURING the evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of the use of lincomycin, granulocytopenia developed coincidentally in an adult patient. Of the thousands of persons in whom the drug was used during this nationwide investigation, three newborns were reported to have similar findings (personal communication from J. B. Lawson, Upjohn Pharmaceutical Co., Aug 10, 1964). Since the Food and Drug Administration has used this event as its basis for requiring the manufacturer to state that lincomycin might cause granulocytopenia, we thought it incumbent upon ourselves to report this case. Report of a Case A 37-year-old Negro woman was hospitalized at Misericordia Hospital on Dec 17, 1963 because of chills, fever, dyspnea, and a cough of three days' duration, productive of moderate quantities of purulent sputum. She stated that she had been in her usual state of health until seven days before admission when she noted the onset of cough and general

Granulocytopenia occurring during the administration of lincomycin

Granulocytopenia occurring during the administration of lincomycin