Adina Cordifolia Research Articles

Nesting of White-rumped Vulture (Gyps bengalensis) in Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India

Objectives: To study the breeding of critically endangered White-rumped vultures (Gyps bengalensis) in Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, which is the only remaining natural habitat of vultures in Kerala State. Methods: A direct on-foot survey and a structured questionnaire survey were conducted among the residents within the sanctuary and forest department staff to locate the nesting locations. Findings: Three nesting locations of White-rumped Vultures were identified in three different forest ranges in Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary. Nest was seen in three tree species, Adina cordifolia, Dalbergia latifolia, and Stereospermum tetragonum. There is no significant change in the altitude of nest selection, all the nests were at an altitude of 820 m to 860 m. The nests were observed between 14 to 28 meters above the ground. The breeding success of this species in Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary is 64.7 percent. Novelty: Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary is the only place in Kerala State where White-rumped vultures are breeding. The study results show that the number of vulture nests in Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary has declined, which needs immediate intervention for the conservation of the remaining breeding population of the critically endangered White-rumped Vulture population of Kerala State. Keywords: White-rumped Vulture, Breeding, Nest site selection, Nesting trees, Breeding success

Unraveling the anti-obesity potential of Haldina cordifolia bioactive fractions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiation: in vitro, high-performance thin-layer chromatography‒multistage mass spectrometry and in silico studies

Unraveling the anti-obesity potential of Haldina cordifolia bioactive fractions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiation: in vitro, high-performance thin-layer chromatography‒multistage mass spectrometry and in silico studies

A Contribution to the Flora of Bori Reserve Forests, Hoshangabad District, Madhya Pradesh

The study of the flora of Bori Reserve Forests, Hoshangabad District, Madhya Pradah has been undertaken during the years 1960 and 1961. The area stretches between 77°45' to 78°30' E. long. and 22°15' to 22°30' N. lat. on the southern slopes ef Satpura range. As a result of three seasonal visits 432 taxa belonging to 317 genera of 92 families could be collected and studied. The flora presents a typical dry deciduous type of vegetation without any change in the main components throughout. Some of the common species of plants in this forest are Anogeissus latifolia, Adina cordifolia, Aegle marmelos, Diospyros melanoxylon, Grewia tiliaefolia, Buchanania lanzan, Helicteres isora, Celastrus paniculata, Baliospermum montanum and Emblica officinalis. The area under study lacks in hydrophytic vegetation as there is hardly any perennial natural water source. Similarly orchids and ferns are also rare.

The Vegetation of Dangs District in Gujarat

The Dangs district is situated between 20°30' and 21°5' N and 73°15' and 74° E. The whole district is mountainous.The forests are generally dry deciduous, though, in protected and moister spots moist- and mixed-deciduous types also are found. Tectona-Terminalia is the dominant tree community. Their associated common tree species are Adina cordifolia Hook. f., Anogeissus latifolia Wall., Dalbergia latifolia Roxb., Garuga pinnata Roxb., Lagerstroemia species, Lannea coromandelica (Hout.) Merr. and Ougeinia oojeinensis (Roxb.) Hochr. Wrightia tinctoria Br. is abundant as an understorey tree. Bambusa arundinacea Retz. and Dendrocalamus strictus Nees are common.The vegetation has been studied by quadrats at different forest sites, namely Bandripada, Billaya, Chikarda, Chikarmatibari, Dhavlidhar, Dholeambar, Ghadvi, Ghogli, Kotbha, Laochali, Mahal, Mulchond, Pimpri, Piplemar, Pipliamal, Raiwad, Shivbara, Susarda and Waghai. Relationship of vegetation with habitat features has been discussed. Reference has been made to species useful for timber, minor forest produce and medicinal value.

Assessment of morphological variability in natural populations of Haldina cordifolia (Haldu)

The surveys were conducted in natural populations of Haldina cordifolia in the forest areas of three states of central India namely Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra. Based on the growth parameters of the individual tree, a total of thirty trees from nine forest divisions of these three states were selected as candidate plus trees (CPTs). Variation was observed in girth at breast height (GBH), total height, and clear bole height (CBH) of trees surveyed. The maximum GBH was recorded in the CPTs of Balrampur (243.75 cm) while the minimum was recorded in Balaghat (115 cm). The maximum height of CPTs was recorded in Dindori (30.25 m) while the minimum was recorded in Allapalli (19 m). The maximum CBH% of total height was recorded in Bilaspur (44.22) while the minimum was recorded in Katghora (37.31). Higher GBH and height of trees may be resulted due to more age of trees. CPTs of Bilaspur were of middle age and showed the highest CBH% (44.22) and relatively low GBH and height when compared with those of Dindori and Balrampur. With age, the trees of Bilaspur will gain more height and girth which will result in higher yield.

Wood Fibre Properties and Genetic Divergence in Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale

Haldina cordifolia is a multipurpose tree species. It is one of the best Indian timbers suitable for flooring, panelling and for railway carriages. It is also suitable for pulp and paper, construction, window frames, furniture, bobbins, piano keys and rulers. Wood is also used for pencil manufacturing. Though many phyto-chemicals and pharmacological compounds have been identified from this tree species, the species has not been domesticated so far. ICFRE-Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore has initiated a tree improvement programme in this tree species since 2018 and plus trees numbering 141 have been selected from the state of Kerala. Eucalyptus spp., Casuarina spp., and Poplars are the major sources of wood pulp used by the paper industries in India. Efforts are being undertaken by various research institutions in India to find alternate indigenous tree species suitable for pulp. Therefore, a study was undertaken to understand the wood fibre properties of select Plus Trees of H. cordifolia. Wood samples collected from 30 select plus trees have been subjected to wood fibre analyses and genetic divergence studies. Wood specific gravity varied from 0.62 to 0.71. Various wood fibre ratios were also studied. Among the 30 Plus Trees studied, HC 01, HC 03, HC 04, HC 05, HC 18, HC 26 and HC 27 have registered ideal values for using them for paper making. The maximum value for broad sense heritability was recorded by Felting coefficient (0.75). Coefficient of fibre flexibility, Isenberg coefficient, Runkel’s ratio and Lumen diameter also registered reasonably higher values for H2. Application of Mahalanobis’ D2 statistics and Tocher’s clustering method resolved 30 Plus Trees into 6 clusters. The cluster strength varied from one in cluster 6 to 21 in cluster 1. The remaining 4 clusters contained two trees each. Genetic divergence studies have shown that Plus Trees namely, HC 22, HC 23, HC24, HC 27, HC 28, HC 29 and HC 30 could be utilized for further tree breeding programmes.

Species Composition and Diversity of Plants along Human-Induced Disturbances in Tropical Moist Sal Forests of Eastern Ghats, India

Plant biodiversity data are prerequisites for the sustainable management of a forest. We used quantitative ecological tools to determine the species composition, diversity (richness and evenness), population structure, distribution patterns, and regeneration status of trees in a Tropical Moist Sal Forest of Eastern Ghats, India. For this purpose, a field inventory was conducted during 2020–2022 in sixteen 1.0 ha forest stands along a human-induced disturbance gradient. A total of 161 species (61 trees, 40 shrubs, 60 herbs) belonging to 77 families and 143 genera were recorded in the 16.0 ha of forest area. The results revealed a significant (p < 0.01) decrease in the tree and shrub species density, basal area, species richness, and diversity along the gradient of disturbance. However, in the case of herbs, the Shannon–Weiner diversity index increased significantly (p < 0.01) with increasing disturbance levels. Irrespective of forest types and disturbance levels, the tree diameter class (10–30 cm) accounted for the highest stem density in the forest. A mixed trend was found in the case of the basal area; the >41 cm diameter class constituted the highest basal area in the Pure Sal Forest while the 10–30 cm class was in the Moist Deciduous Forest without Sal. Tree species richness was found higher in lower diameter classes. Disturbances impacted the distribution pattern of trees; in the Pure Sal Forest, the contagious distribution of trees were 61.54%, 40%, and 12.5% in undisturbed, low-disturbed, and moderately disturbed sites, respectively. The percent of trees showing random and regular distribution increased with the increased level of disturbance in all forest types. The number of tree species having good regeneration decreased with the increased disturbance intensity in all forest types. Frequent grazing, repeated forest fires, and poor soil seed banks at the Moderately Disturbed site were the main reasons for the poor/no regeneration of Pterocarpus marsupium, Adina cordifolia, Terminalia bellerica, and some other economical species. Significant changes in structural attributes of the tree community revealed the impact of human-induced disturbances in the Moist Sal Forests of Eastern Ghats. The disturbance mosaics promoted the growth of many invasive weed species and lianas, depleting the number of valuable species in the forest. This study suggests the adaption of sustainable biodiversity conservation approaches through the active participation of the tribal so that the remnants the Moist Sal Forests of Eastern Ghats can be controlled to prevent further degradation.

New arboreal mite species of Oribatulidae and Oripodidae (Acari, Oribatida, Oripodoidea) from Vietnam

ABSTRACT Two new oribatid mite species—Phauloppia dilatata sp. nov. (Oribatulidae) and Pirnodus partiarus sp. nov. (Oripodidae)—are described, based on adults collected from tree branches of Haldina cordifolia in southern Vietnam. The genus Pirnodus is recorded for the first time in the Oriental region. The generic diagnoses for Phauloppia and Pirnodus are revised. The identification keys to the Oriental representatives of Phauloppia and the known representatives of Pirnodus are provided. Pseudopirnodus madegassus is transferred to Pirnodus; the initial placement of Pirnodus domrowi in Pirnodus is confirmed. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:298B44CE-C965-4B10-8B0F-A3CDB9BAFD57

New species of Tuberemaeus (Acari, Oribatida, Scheloribatidae) from trees in Southern Vietnam

Two new species of Tuberemaeus (Oribatida, Scheloribatidae)—T. salavatulini sp. nov. and T. bifossatus sp. nov.—are described, based on adults collected from tree branches of Haldina cordifolia in Cat Tien National Park, southern Vietnam. The generic diagnosis of Tuberemaeus is revised. An identification key to known species of Tuberemaeus is given.

Use of Herbal Drugs in Local Health Traditions in Purnagiri Hills, District Champavat, Uttarakhand

The state Uttarakhand is rich with floral and faunal diversity including plants used by local inhabitance to cure health problems. Himalayan region always has been the treasure of herbs from ancient time. Himalayan herbs are highest in quality and potency. There are numbers of side effect are noted using allopathic medicines which leads towards reuse of medicinal plants available locally. Keeping this in view an attempt has been made to enumerate the common medicinal plants used in traditional therapeutic system of Uttarakhand, India. Results reveal that 29 plant species are used for primary healthcare.
 Purnagiri hills located in Champavat district of Uttarakhand is reservoir for a large number of medicinal herbs during the field survey large number of medicinal plants like Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Hook. (Rubiaceae), Asparagus adscendence Roxb. (Liliaceae), Artemesia nilgirica (Clarke) Pamp. (Asteraceae), Berberis aristata DC. (Berberiridaceae), Colebrookea oppositefolia Sm. (Lamiaceae), Elephantopus scaber L (Asreraceae), Pinus longifolia Roxb. (Pinaceae), Tamarix gallica L. (Tamaraceae), Urtica dioica L. (Urtecaceae) and many more with their use in local health traditions by local habitants were recorded. One of the serious challenges to biodiversity and ecological functioning is climate change. Climate change and global warming are well known issue that has had an impact on the biodiversity. Second thing over exploitation of Himalayan forest leads these valuable herbs in endangered category. Some of the plants recorded are critically endangered and rare. We have to pay attention towards the conservation, cultivation of these herbs.

Pharmacognostical investigation of “Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Brandis” Family-Rubiaceae, collected from areas of Haldwani District Nainital

Ayurveda is a pelagic with lashing quantities of proclaimed and unrevealed medicinal gems. Due to the morphological structure and lack of knowledge certain medicinal gems of Ayurveda are debatable. Such as Adina cordifolia which is one of the controversial kind of drug. Adina cordifolia is the Saffron Teak, Yellow, Belonging to family Rubiaceae, subfamily Cinchonoideae is endowed from India, Southern Asia, Srilanka, Vietnam and Southern China. It is a buoyant, deciduous tree; hinges disintegrated all throughout the significant part of Indian deciduous forests and drift in the sub-himalayan zone up to an altitude of 900 m. Since immemorial times it has been utilized in folklore medicine. Adina cordifolia is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of chronic jaundice, skin disease, gastropathy, fever, cough, swelling in stomach, stomachache and several other diseases. In the present article Adina cordifolia was investigated for Pharmacognostical screening such as Morphological Identification, Organoleptic properties, Microscopic evaluation, Fluorescence Analysis, Determination of the moisture content, Determination of Ash values, Determination of percentage extractive, Loss on drying, and Determination of pH. Because Adina cordifolia is a controversial kind of drug having sparse research so this study will be benevolent to push scientist for co-ordinating their studies.

Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Bark Derived Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles: Investigation of its Antituberculosis and Anticancer Activity

Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field of medical research that may be used to a broad array of applications. Further, phytoconstituents are a promising possibility for the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). AgNPs were biosynthesized using Haldina cordifolia bark extract and further characterization was done using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, FTIR, XRD, DLS, Zeta potential and HR-TEM with SAED. The cytotoxic effect on lung cancer cell lines (A549) of AgNPs was studied by MTT assay and its antituberculosis activity was evaluated by MABA assay. The result showed that the AgNPs synthesized using bark extract of Haldina cordifolia have reported visible reddish-brown color and the absorption peak at 408nm (pH 10.5). FTIR confirmed the plant secondary metabolites that helped in green synthesis and capping of AgNPs. XRD revealed the crystalline nature of AgNPs. Zeta potential showed the stability at -42mV. HR-TEM and DLS images of AgNPs indicated the size ranged from 7 to 57nm. The dose response dependent anticancer activity was observed with IC50 value 17.64 µg/ml on A549 cell line which was more efficient than plant extract (IC50=79.92 µg/ml). On the other hand, AgNPs also showed promising antituberculosis activity with the MIC 0.4 µg/ml which was higher than the standard drugs used for comparison. We conclude that Haldina cordifolia is considered as an effective reducing and capping agent for green synthesis of AgNPs. Phytosynthesized AgNPs may subsequently be potential chemopreventive agent against the cancer treatment and as antituberculosis agent in future.

Dynamics of the Maniyari River and its meandering nature in the Achanakmar Tiger Reserve Area, Chhattisgarh, India: A Geospatial analysis

The Achanakmar Tiger Reserve (ATR) is an integral part of the Achanakmar Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR) with a total area of 914.017 sq. km. The Maniyari River, which flows through the reserve, is known as its life line. It originates from the core zone (Sihawal sagar) of ATR and merges in the Seonath River of the Mahanadi Basin. It flows about 105 km through Mungeli and Bilaspur districts. This river supplies its catchment area with water seasonally (6-8 months) and flows more than half of its length (about 60 km) within the protected area. Its catchment area has a rich biodiversity of tree species such as Shorea robusta, Terminalia tomentosa, Diospyros melanoxylon, Adina cordifolia, Pterocarpus marsupium, Madhuca indica, Anogeissus latifolia, Dendrocalamus strictus etc. A geospatial analysis was performed to understand the course of the Maniyari River within the ATR area over a fourteen year period between 2000 and 2013. Imagery from Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite 1D and P6 for years 2000, 2004, 2008, 2010 and 2013 and Survey of India toposheets were analyzed to examine the changes in planform characteristics of the Maniyari River. The meander shift of the river was delineated considering the R1 (11.61 km), R2 (11.19 km), R3 (5.33 km) and R4 (5.02 km) reach’s respectively. Sinuosity Index (SI) for different reaches was calculated and evaluated. The SI ranged from 1.40 to 1.63, 1.20 to 1.29, 1.17 to 1.37, and 1.20 to 1.49 in R1, R2, R3 and R4 respectively and the magnitude of the shift was analyzed with the year 2000 as the base year. The overall SI for all the reach’s ranges between 1.30 and 1.36. The present study will be helpful in understanding the river dynamics as well as to maintaining the flow of the Maniyari River and preventing bank line erosion. The study will be helpful for the conservation of river flow and its tributaries in the ATR area in Central India.

Phytochemical Characterization & investigation of Haldina cordifolia Leaf extract as potential herbal drug

The current learning was intended to analyze about the important phytoconstituents of methanolic fraction of Haldina cordifolia leaves extract. Qualitative extraction of Haldina leaves was prepared using Methanolic extract. H cordifolia leave extract confirms presence of Flavanoids, Alkaloids, phenols, saponins, anthraquinone, Phytosterols, coumarins and anthocyanins, which was confirmed from the TLC analysis. The FT-IR spectrum confirmed presence of alkyl, methyl, ether, amino, alkene, alcohol, carboxyl and carbonyl groups. UV spectral reports indicate presence of unsaturated groups and hetero atoms such as S, N, and O [8]. The absorption spectrum for H. cordifolia extract shows five identifying peaks and confirms presence of organic chromophores and variety of functional groups within the H. cordifolia extract. LC-MS analysis data suggests existence of hydroxyl coumarins compounds namely scopoletin , isoscopoletin , umbelliferone and phytosterols like ß- sitosterol,epiglobulol, campesterol and Caryophylene oxide etc., that can be considered for antimicrobial activity and it might largely contribute in action againest multidrug resistant microbes. Keywords: IR-spectroscopy, LC-MS, Scopoletin, Umbelliferone, ß-sitosterol and Campesterol.

Disturbance Induced Changes in Diversity of Medicinal Plants in a Dry Tropical Forest of India

Due to overexploitation for forest resources, many important medicinal plants are disappearing from the tropical dry forest (TDF) regions. The present study is aimed to investigate the diversity of medicinal plants exposed to different levels of anthropogenic disturbance in TDFs. For this study, we selected six forest regions, covering a radius of 25 km, and exposed to variable intensity of disturbances, in the form of illegal logging, cattle grazing and fire. Based on the intensity of three disturbances, we categorized the study sites as low (LDS) and high (HDS) disturbed sites, and analyzed differences in soil properties and vegetation parameters in the two disturbance categories. We recorded tree density, tree species richness and herbaceous species richness in 100 m2 quadrats at the selected regions. Results exhibited significantly greater soil organic C (LDS, 4.6%; HDS, 0.9%; P < 0.001), water holding capacity (LDS, 47.4%; HDS, 33.6%; P < 0.001), and sand content (LDS, 53.7%; HDS, 48.3%; P < 0.001) across LDS, whereas significantly higher bulk density (LDS, 1.30 gcm–3; HDS, 1.34 gcm–3; P < 0.05) and gravel content (LDS, 14.6%; HDS, 20.0%; P < 0.001) across HDS. We found considerable shift in relationships between vegetation parameters under the two disturbance regimes. The results indicated that many of the important medicinal plants (e.g., Adina cordifolia, Bauhinia vahlii, Holarrhena antidysenterica, Asparagus racemosus, Curculigo orchioides, Hemidesmus indicus, etc.) which are potential constituents of several ayurvedic preparations as well as of traditional medical systems are lacking from the HDS, either due to direct impact of disturbances or indirectly due to disturbance induced changes in soil properties. For instance, the high grazing pressure increased soil compaction, leading to increase in bulk density and decline in water holding capacity of soil. We suggest that forest managers take into consideration the presence of anthropogenic disturbances in their management and conservation efforts of medicinal plants in TDFs.

Factors affecting the breeding ecology of the globally threatened Lesser Adjutant (Leptoptilos javanicus) in agricultural landscapes of Nepal

Many threatened birds use the mosaic of agricultural landscapes for foraging and breeding. Despite the reliance of many species on these habitats, few studies have investigated factors influencing the breeding ecology of storks in agricultural landscapes. We assessed site-level variables (tree height and location of nest tree; human habitation or non-human habitation), colony-level variables (colony size and chicks per nest), and landscape-level variables (area of human habitation, wetland area, and distance to the nearest wetland) to understand the factors influencing the breeding ecology of the globally threatened Lesser Adjutant (<em>Leptoptilos javanicus</em>) across multiple locations in the agricultural landscape of lowland Nepal during 2019–2020. We monitored 65 active colonies that had 206 active nests in five study sites. Two hundred eighty chicks fledged from these colonies, with 13% (n = 41) chick mortality. Most colonies were in agricultural land (51%) and human habitation (28%). Lesser Adjutant colonies located on tall trees such as <em>Bombax ceiba</em> (57%), <em>Haldina cordifolia</em> (11%), and <em>Ficus religiosa</em> (11%); however, these tree species were used much more than their availability on the landscape. Tree height had a significant positive influence on colony site selection and colony size, whereas colony size positively influenced fledgling success. Measured landscape variables did not have significant relationships with breeding success metrics. The agricultural landscapes of lowland Nepal provided important breeding habitat for Lesser Adjutants, and the suitability of sites with colonies related more to site-level and colony-level than landscape-level variables. Increasing urban development of agricultural landscapes is likely the greatest threat to breeding Lesser Adjutants, with the decline of suitable nesting trees being a potential additional threat. Lowland Nepal's agricultural landscapes support significant breeding populations of Lesser Adjutants that had considerable breeding success, underscoring the urgent need to support traditional agriculture that favors large waterbirds.

Carbon storage, mitigation and sequestration potential of Haldina cordifolia and Mitragyna parvifolia in tropical dry deciduous environment of Chhattisgarh, India

The current research explored the storage, mitigation, and sequestration of carbon in two age groups of Haldina cordifolia and Mitragyna parvifolia grown on entisols of tropical dry deciduous environment of Chhattisgarh, India. The random sampling technique was used for measuring the various ecological attributes of the stands. The average girth increment for both the species was more in site-I (6 year old plantation). H. cordifolia and M. parvifolia reflected increment of 2.3–5 cm yr−1 and 2.5–5 cm yr−1, respectively. The NPP (net primary production) values for both the sites viz., site-I (6 year old plantation) and site-II (4 year old plantation) were 10.32 t ha−1 yr−1 and 8.92 t ha−1 yr−1, respectively for H. cordifolia plantation and 11.08 t ha−1 yr−1 and 9.63 t ha−1 yr−1 for M. parvifolia plantation. The carbon (C) storage, mitigation, and carbon sequestration (Cseq.) values for the two sites ranged from 19.22–24 t ha−1, 70.54–88.08 t ha−1, and 3.08–3.81 t ha−1 yr−1, respectively. It is evident that site-I (6 year old plantation) and M. parvifolia perform better than site-II (4 year old plantation) and H. cordifolia, respectively. Both the species belong to family Rubiaceae and among both the species M. parvifolia reflected comparatively better growth traits over H. cordifolia. Thus, M. parvifolia can be effectively utilized for afforestation, reforestation, and other plantation programs in this region as well as other places with similar environmental conditions.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Morphology and phylogeny of a new species, &lt;em&gt;Pseudocercospora haldinae &lt;/em&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Mycosphaerellaceae&lt;/em&gt;) on &lt;em&gt;Haldina cordifolia &lt;/em&gt;from India&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Pseudocercospora haldinae, a new anamorphic foliicolous hyphomycetous fungus discovered on living leaves of Haldina cordifolia (Rubiaceae) is taxonomically described and illustrated. This species is compared with closely related species of Pseudocercospora and other dematiaceous cercosporoid forms reported on the same host genus. The phylogeny of this species has been inferred from partial nuclear ribosomal 28S large subunit (LSU) and complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequence data. On the basis of LSU, P. haldinae represents characteristic features of Pseudocercospora s. str. and did not form red crystals when cultivated on agar media.

A Pharmacological Potential of Adina cordifolia

Adina cordifolia belongs to the Rubiaceae family. Flavonoids, carbohydrate, alkaloid, saponin, phenol, tannins, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides were found in Adina cordifolia plant extracts. Herbal medicines have been the highly esteemed source of medicine throughout human history. They are widely used today indicating that herbs are a growing part of modern, high-tech medicine. The medicinal plants, besides having natural therapeutic values against various diseases and considerable works have been done on these plants to treat chronic Cough, Jaundice, Stomachaches, Cancer, Diabetes, and a variety of other ailments. Present review deals with botanical description and various pharmacological action, and medicinal uses of Adina cordifolia.&#x0D; Keywords: Adina cordifolia, Pharmacological Potential, Extract, Taxonomy.

Anticancer and antibacterial activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Adina cordifolia

Extracts from plants are put to use for the green production of nanoparticles, since they possess compounds which have the potential metal reducing ability, biologically active and environment-friendly, in abundance. The present study investigates the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via the process of reducing silver nitrate by the cell-free leaf and stem aqueous extracts of Adina cordifolia (A. cordifolia) and its potential anticancer and antibacterial doings. The UV–Visible, FT-IR, XRD and SEM confirmed the synthesis of smaller, uniformly spherical AgNPs (10–45 nm) from silver nitrate upon incubation with leaf and stem extract of A. cordifolia. The A. cordifolia stem extract synthesized AgNPs have shown noteworthy anticancer commotion against human breast and prostate adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231 and PC-3) cells with the IC50 values of 64.92 and 68.01 µg/ml, in that order. Whereas, the leaf extract synthesized AgNPs comparatively shown slightly lower anticancer commotion with the IC50 values of 82.58 and 80.65 µg/ml, respectively. The synthesized AgNPs have also shown higher antibacterial doings against Bacillus subtilis (Gram positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram negative) in comparison to Gentamycin. Hence, the AgNPs obtained by green synthesis can be therapeutically explored against adenocarcinoma and bacterial infections.