Adequate Breastfeeding Research Articles

Effects of Moringa oleifera on increasing breast milk in breastfeeding mothers with stunting toddlers in rural Batang-Batang District, Indonesia

Stunting in toddlers (0-2 years) remains a significant public health problem in Indonesia. Adequate breastfeeding is essential for stunting prevention, yet many mothers struggle with insufficient milk production. Moringa oleifera, known locally as moringa, has traditionally been used to increase breast milk production. Moringa plants have the potential to overcome various kinds of malnutrition or malnutrition problems in toddlers, pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers. This study aims is to examines the effect of consuming Moringa leaf-based vegetable soup on milk production in breastfeeding mothers with stunted toddlers at Leggung Health Centre. A quasi-experimental design was employed with 40 breastfeeding mothers of stunted toddlers (0-2 years) - 20 in the treatment group (given Moringa soup) and 20 in the control group (no treatment). Pretest results showed that only 57% of mother in the treatment group had adequate milk production, which increased to 76% after consuming Moringa leaf vegetable soup. The Mann-Witney U test revealed a significant difference (p = 0.000). These findings suggest that Moringa leaf soup can enhance breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers and may indirectly support stunting prevention efforts.

Abstract MP47: Fetal Life Exposure to GDM and Postnatal Breastfeeding and Beverage Intake in the First Year Are Associated With Severe Child Obesity at 6 to 11 Years: The SWIFT Study in Youth

Objective: To evaluate associations between fetal exposure to GDM and postnatal breastfeeding (BF) and sugary beverages in the first year with risk of child overweight and obesity severity at 6-11 y. Methods: The sample included 850 children exposed to maternal GDM with BF and infant diet assessed by monthly surveys from birth to 1 y and weight and length/height measurements up to ages 6-11 y from electronic health records. Maternal GDM severity was classified by diagnosis time (Early <24 wks or Standard ≥24 wks) and treatment type (Diet or Medication). Child BMI percentiles at 6-11 y were categorized as normal <85 th (referent), overweight 85 th to <95 th , moderate obesity 100 to <120% of 95 th and severe obesity ≥120% of 95 th . Multinomial logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95%CI of child BMI categories associated with fetal GDM exposure (diagnosis time & treatment) and postnatal diet; BF inadequate <6 months or adequate >6 months and sugary beverages (fruit juice or sugar added) adjusted for race/ethnicity, WIC recipient, pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain. Results: There were 480 (56.5%) children with normal weight, 150 (17.6%) with overweight, 155 (18.2%) with moderate obesity and 65 (7.6%) with severe obesity. Child average age (SD) at follow-up was 9.6 (1.4) y. Early GDM diagnosis was associated with aORs [95%CI] of severe obesity = 3.06 (1.33-7.04) with medication, and 2.61 (1.08-6.35) with diet and of moderate obesity = 1.93 (1.05-3.55) with diet vs. Standard diagnosis with diet. Inadequate BF with sugary beverage or fruit juice was associated with aOR [95%CI] of severe obesity = 3.06 (1.07-8.72) vs. adequate BF and no beverage. Conclusions: Earlier fetal exposure to maternal GDM and shorter BF combined with sugary beverages in the first postnatal year shows persistent higher risk of severe child obesity about 10 y later. These findings highlight pre-pregnancy screening to avert GDM and the importance of adequate BF and avoidance of sugary beverages and fruit juice among offspring exposed to GDM.

Analisa Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Ikterik pada Neonatus

Jaundice is a symptom that is common in newborns. This jaundice usually disappears by the end of the first week or no later than the first ten days. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the incidence of jaundice in neonates. This study used the literature review method by searching journals using three databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and SpringerLink. Journal inclusion criteria published 2016 - 2021. Research results of jaundice in neonates. Factors that influence the incidence of neonatal jaundice in the Asian region, especially Southeast Asia, are maternal and perinatal. Maternal factors include gestational age, complications, pregnancy (incompatibility, ABO blood group, Rh and DM), type of delivery, and race. Perinatal factors include neonatal asphyxia, infection, birth trauma, low intake of breast milk, low birth weight (LBW), gender, and medication. The management of neonatal jaundice includes exposing the baby to the sun, phototherapy, adequate nutritional intake, and adequate breastfeeding. For this reason, health education and support from the husband and family are needed for the mother so that the baby does not experience jaundice.

Relationship Between Adequacy of Breastfeeding and The Incidence of Neonatal Jaundice in The NICU at Darus Syifa’ Islamic Hospital Surabaya

Inappropriate early breastfeeding is associated with reduced caloric intake and increased serum bilirubin. It occurs due to a lack of caloric intake to increase enterohepatic circulation. Early breastfeeding for neonates can reduce the occurrence of jaundice. This study aimed to determine the relationship between adequacy breastfeeding and the incidence of neonatal jaundice at the Darus Shifa Islamic Hospital Surabaya. This study used an analytical research design with a cross-sectional approach and a purposive sampling method. The population of this study was 35 respondents. The sample in this study was 32 respondents, and there were two variables. The dependent variable was the adequacy of breastfeeding using an instrument on an observation sheet. The independent variable was the incidence of jaundice using a checklist instrument. Data analysis used Spearman rho. The results of the statistical analysis test using the Spearman rho statistic test with the help of SPSS obtained a significance value of p = 000 which means there is a relationship between the adequacy of breastfeeding. The incidence of neonatal jaundice is r =0,912, meaning there is a solid correlation between the adequacy of breastfeeding and the incidence of it. Adequacy breastfeeding is one way to prevent neonatal jaundice with the support of professional health workers' information to mothers about breastfeeding and its benefits. Thereby affecting the continuity of mothers in breastfeeding so that babies do not experience neonatal jaundice.

DOES KANGAROO MOTHER CARE IMPROVE BREASTFEEDING PRACTICES? A SINGLE INSTITUTION EXPERIENCE ON HEALTHY TERM NEONATES

Early initiation of breastfeeding following birth has several advantages such as weight gain, improved immune status and better development. However, for exclusive breastfeeding to be successful, appropriate latching is necessary. Several studies across the globe have noted that improper feeding techniques have resulted in early breastfeeding cessation.Kangaroo mother care is a tool to help provide skin-to-skin contact, especially in preterm infants, to develop bonding, prevent hypothermia and allow adequate breastfeeding. KMC is seldom practiced in healthy term neonates. However, we propose that KMC can help improve breastfeeding practices in this subgroup of infants. The aim of this study is to compare the LATCH scores in term neonates that receive KMC (group A) and dont receive KMC (group B).

Effect of the Combination of Acupressure and Moringa oleifera Extract Consumption on Elevating Breast Milk Production and Adequacy in Lactating Mothers

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is highly recommended because the nutrition is suitable for babies. However, there are still many babies who do not get exclusive breastfeeding. For this reason, there is a need for innovation that can be used as an effort to increase the production and adequacy of breast milk for breastfeeding mothers with a combination of Accupresure and Moringa oleifera extract. This study aimed to prove the potential of a combination of acupressure and Moringa oleifera extract as an intervention in increasing the production and adequacy of breast milk for breastfeeding mothers. Subjects and Method: This study used quasi experiment and pretest-posttest design with control group conducted at the Kelingi IV/C Health Center, Musi Rawas Regency, from December 2022-January 2023. It consisted of an intervention group consisting of a combination of 2x4 minutes of acupressure and 650 mg of Moringa oleifera extract and a control group of counseling for breastfeeding mothers, namely 40 breastfeeding mothers with babies 0-6 months. The dependent variables were the hormone prolactin and baby's weight. The independent variable was the combination of acupressure and extra Moringa oleifera. The data were analyzed by Wilcoxon. Results: The indicator affected by the combination of acupressure and Moringa oleifera extract was an increase in milk production using the prolactin hormone indicator after intervention (Mean= 304.60; SD=131.22) than before intervention (Mean= 162.85; SD= 140.44), and this was statistically significant (p<0.001). There was an increase in the adequacy of breastfeeding using the infant's weight indicator after intervention (Mean= 5550.00; SD=1240.75) than before intervention (Mean= 5015.00; SD= 1444.87), and this was statistically significant (p=0.030). Conclusion: The combination intervention of 2x4 minutes of acupressure and 650 mg of Moringa oleifera extract for 10 days effectively increases the production and adequacy of breast milk for nursing mothers. Keywords: acupressure, Moringa oleifera, prolactin hormone, baby's weight.

The rise of diarrheal illnesses in the children of Pakistan amidst COVID-19: A narrative review.

In Pakistan, 74 children out of 1000 lose their lives annually due to diarrheal illness. This commentary addresses the contributing factors aggravating this growing dilemma and the effect of a simultaneous rise in COVID-19 cases in a healthcare system ready to collapse, along with providing recommendations to alleviate the problems causing this spike in diarrheal cases. This narrative review has emphasized the causes of the spike in pediatric diarrheal illnesses in Pakistan as well as recommendations offered to lessen the burden by incorporating recent literature (n = 68). Tactics to tackle COVID-19 alongside diarrheal illnesses were also included. Pakistan was chosen to be assessed due to its high burden of child and infant mortality due to preventable causes. The provision of safe drinking water, the proper use of Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI), adequate awareness of the benefits of breastfeeding, the use of correct rehydration techniques such as Oral Rehydration Therapy, and the crucial implementation of the EPI vaccination schedule can curb this increase in diarrheal cases. The increased prevalence of diarrheal diseases amongst the pediatric population of Pakistan can be attributed largely due to unsanitary drinking water. Emphasis must be put in the provision of safe drinking water. During the first years of life, children can be kept safe from deadly pathogens just by adequate breastfeeding. IMNCI and EPI must also be properly implemented.

ADEQUACY OF BREAST MILK AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF BABIES AGED 1-6 MONTHS

Background: The age of 0-24 months is a period of rapid growth and development, so it is often termed a golden period as well as a critical period. Breast milk (breast milk) is milk produced by the mother and contains the nutrients needed by the baby for the needs and development of the baby. Purpose: This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the relationship between the adequacy of breastfeeding and the development of infants aged 1-6 months. Methode: This research is an analytic survey with a quantitative approach and cross sectional design. The population in this study were mothers and infants aged 1-6 months and received exclusive breastfeeding. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling. The study was conducted at one of Health Center in June to July 2020. Data collection techniques used questionnaires, and filling out the KPSP. Result: The results showed that 72.7% of infants with sufficient breast milk and 51.5% of infants had appropriate development. 62.5% of infants with sufficient breast milk have appropriate development. There is a relationship between the adequacy of breast milk and the development of infants aged 0-6 months who receive exclusive breastfeeding.

Effect of Acupressur and Oxytocin Massage on Output Time and Adequacy Of Breast Milk in Post Partum Mothers at Panembahan Senopati Hospital, Bantul

Breastfeeding provides benefits for both mother and baby. Breasti imilk containsi imany nutrientsi ithat babiesi need ini ithe ifirst 6i (six) months after birth. There are factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding that can inhibit the secretion of the oxytocin hormone. One way to stimulate the oxytocin hormone and increase comfort is by oxytocin massage. The prolactin and oxytocin hormones play a very important role in the adequacy of breast milk production. One way to generate the let down reflex is by doing therapy acupressure. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of giving little finger acupressure and oxytocin massage to the output time and adequacy of breastfeeding in postpartum mothers at Panembahan Senopati Hospital, Bantul. The design of this research is the Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) with a quantitative approach. The population in this study were all postpartum mothers who experienced vaginal delivery at the Panembahan Senopati Hospital Bantul in 2021, as many as 166 people. The number of samples in this study was 70 postpartum mothers who met the inclusion criteria based on the calculation of the slovin formula. The results showed that acupressure had more effect on the time of output and the adequacy of breast milk than oxytocin massage for postpartum mothers at RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul.

Factors Associated with Adequate Breastfeeding: Evidence from the Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey, 2019.

Objective: To assess the factors associated with adequate breastfeeding (ABF) among Peruvian mothers during 2019. Materials and Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of the 2019 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) database of Peru. ABF was defined based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization, which defined it as starting breastfeeding within the first hour of life and continuing with exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months. To determine the factors associated with ABF, a Poisson generalized linear models with log-link function was used. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Results: A prevalence of ABF of 48.1% was identified among 11,157 women who reported at least one child in the last five years. Most of them were young (68.6%) and lived in urban areas (65.5%). Furthermore, being unemployed (aPR:1.02; 95% CI:1.00–1.04); residing on the coast, except for Metropolitan Lima (aPR:1.08; 95% CI:1.04–1.11), the highlands (aPR:1.14; 95% CI:1.11–1.18), and the jungle (aPR:1.20; 95% CI: 1.16–1.24); having had a vaginal delivery (aPR:1.30; 95% CI:1.27–1.05); and having two children (aPR:1.03; 95% CI:1.01–1.05) or three or more children (aPR:1.03; 95% CI:1.01–1.05) were associated with a higher frequency of ABF. Conclusions: One out of two women between 18–59 with children performed ABF. The factors associated with ABF were the current occupation, region of residence, type of delivery, and parity. Health policies and strategies should be implemented, considering our results, to promote maternal counseling by health personnel in order to increase the prevalence of ABF in the Peruvian population.

Association of prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers at low levels with adiposity measures in children up to 6 years.

The effects of prenatal PBDEs exposure, especially at low levels, on childhood obesity are scarce. No previous studies have investigated the effect modification by breastfeeding on the associations of PBDEs exposure with childhood obesity. We aimed to investigate the associations of prenatal PBDEs exposure with adiposity measures in children up to 6 years, and the effect modification by breastfeeding. Participants were mother-child pairs from the Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort study. Nine PBDE congeners were assessed in cord blood plasma. We obtained information about child weight (0-6 years), height (0.5-6 years), arm circumference (0-6 years), and waist circumference (0-6 years) at each follow-up visit. Breastfeeding duration was collected when children were aged 1 year and was categorized as short (≤6 months) and adequate (>6 months). Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the associations of PBDE concentrations with adiposity measures of the children at each age. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to estimate the overall associations of PBDEs exposure with adiposity measures. We examined the effect modification by breastfeeding using stratified analyses and by including interaction terms into GEE models. For boys, there was a general profile of positive associations of several PBDE congeners exposure with adiposity measures. Especially, boys with higher BDE-153 concentration had higher adiposity measures at each time point. For girls, we also found positive associations of BDE-100 and -153 exposure with adiposity measures. The GEE models showed consistent patterns for BDE-153 in boys and for BDE-100 and -153 in girls. In breastfeeding-stratified analyses, stronger associations of PBDEs exposure with adiposity measures were generally found in children who were shortly breastfed. Our findings suggest that prenatal exposure to PBDEs at low levels may influence childhood adiposity measures, and the potential effects of PBDEs were attenuated by adequate breastfeeding.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Breastfeeding among mothers of children six months to three years seen at a tertiary children hospital in Freetown

Introduction Severe acute malnutrition accounts for a significant proportion of admission into the tertiary children’s hospital in Freetown. However, adequate breastfeeding is supposed to protect against severe malnutrition. Against this background, the knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers of children admitted into the hospital, were assed to determine the current state of breastfeeding in Sierra Leone.
 Methods: A structured questionnaire specifically designed and pretested was used to gather information on the knowledge, attitude and practice of breastfeeding of mothers with children aged 3 years and below admitted into ODCH between January and April 2021.
 Result: Of the 206 mothers studied, 168 (81.6%) were aged 18 to 35 years, 145 (70.4%) married. Thirty-five (17%) respondents had inadequate knowledge, while 61 (29.6%) had poor attitude and 115 (55.8%) poor practice. Factors associated with poor breastfeeding practice include age below 18 years, unmarried mothers and delivery by Caesarian section. Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months was associated with being married (ρ-0.002). Initiation of breast feeding within 1 hour was associated with being married (ρ-0.001) and vaginal delivery (ρ-0.005) while prelacteal feeding was associated with preterm delivery (ρ-0.020).
 Conclusion: Despite a high prevalence of adequate knowledge among mothers of children presenting in the facility, the practice of breast feeding remain poor. There is need to provide support to mothers to appropriately carry out good breast feeding practices especially for younger and unmarried mothers and those who deliver via ceasarean section.

Skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding: A scoping review

Skin-to-skin contact (SSC) has been identified as a significant factor in the initiation of proper breastfeeding. The early hours of breastfeeding are essential for establishing adequate breastfeeding in the future. Skin-to-skin contact between the mother and the infant creates a mutual bond that enhances optimum milk production. However, certain factors, such as the environment and separating the baby from the mother for vitamin injections and infant evaluation, influence exclusive breastfeeding. A search on electronic databases was conducted to obtain literature on the topic. The search on CINAHL, PsychInfo, and PubMed generated different studies that underwent a screening process. Thirteen studies were selected after conducting a thorough exclusion exercise. Studies revealed that outcomes indicate that skin-to-skin contact improves the rate of breastfeeding. Further studies are needed to overcome factors that may impede the practice of SSC.

The Effectiveness of the Rolling Massage Technique on Breast Milk Adequacy for the Baby in the COVID-19 Pandemic

BACKGROUND: Rolling massage is one of the actions for postpartum mothers that can increase breast milk production (ASI). There are many benefits of rolling massage for babies. Still, there are no studies that discuss the effectiveness of rolling messages on the adequacy of breast milk in infants during the COVID-19 pandemic. AIM: This study aims to identify the effectiveness of rolling massage on the adequacy of breast milk during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This research is quantitative research with a quasi-experimental approach. The sample selection used a random method with a total sample of 63 postpartum mothers divided into two groups, namely, 32 samples in the intervention group and 31 in the control group. The rolling massage was performed on mothers in the intervention group on days 1, 3, and 7 postpartum. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA test. RESULTS: The results showed a significant difference between the adequacy of breastfeeding in the control group and the intervention group, which was seen from the difference in the frequency of urination (p = 0.036), satisfaction with breastfeeding (p = 0.001), and the increase in infant weight (p = 0.001) at measurements 7 and 30 postpartum day. CONCLUSION: Rolling massage is very effective for postpartum mothers to achieve adequate milk intake for babies. Therefore, it is highly recommended to do it in the first days after giving birth to increase the mother’s milk production to meet the needs of breast milk intake for the baby.

Timing of Adiposity Rebound and Determinants of Early Adiposity Rebound in Korean Infants and Children Based on Data from the National Health Insurance Service.

Adiposity rebound (AR) is defined as the second rise in the body mass index (BMI) usually occurring in early childhood. This study aimed to investigate the timing of AR and the factors determining early AR (EAR) by tracking BMI patterns using large-scale longitudinal nationwide data (n = 142,668; 73,389 boys and 69,279 girls) over seven time periods (4–6, 9–12, 18–24, 30–36, 42–48, 54–60, and 66–71 months). The average BMI rebound indicating AR was found before the age of 5 years (6th time period, 54–60 months). Interestingly, children experiencing BMI rebound during the 4th to 6th time periods showed a small increase in the proportion of underweight in the 2nd time period, but a dramatically higher proportion of underweight during the corresponding time period, similar to M-shaped patterns. In contrast, overweight or obese children in the above group showed opposite W-shaped patterns. The parameters predicting the risk of EAR are diverse for each time period by sex. Adequate breastfeeding before the age of 1 year, adequate diet, and reduced sugar-sweetened beverage consumption after the age of 1 year were important for reducing EAR. This study presents for the first time, the timing of AR and the major determinants of EAR among Korean infants and children based on large-scale nationwide data.

Strategies of Reducing Malnutrition by Caregivers amongst Children 0-5 Years in Opiro Community

Malnutrition in children is common globally and results in both long-term and short-term irreversible negative outcomes including stunted growth, development defect, underweight and wasting. This study investigated strategies of reducing malnutrition by caregivers amongst children 0-5 years in Opiro community. The objectives of this study are: to assess the management of malnutrition among children 0-5years, to identify the measures taken to reduce malnutrition among children, 0-5 years by caregivers and 'to identify the factors influencing the prevalence of malnutrition among children 0-5years in Opiro Community. Related literature was reviewed. Abraham Maslow hierarchy of human needs was adopted in this study. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used for this study. Ninety-two (92) was determined as the sample size using the Taro Yamen formula from a target population of 114. A purposive sampling technique was used. A self-developed questionnaire consisting of two sections was used. Section A consists of personal data of the respondents, section B consists of 11 items on variables of the study. Face and content validity of the instrument was done by the research supervisor. A test-retest method was used to measure the reliability. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was adopted to analyse the result which yielded was 0.85. The data were analysed using frequency, percentages, mean and presented on tables. Findings revealed that the majority of the respondents adopt adequate breastfeeding and balanced diet in the management of malnutrition, early diagnosis of any lag in growth and adequate environmental and personal hygiene are measures taken to reduce malnutrition and also poverty is one of the leading factors influencing the prevalence of malnutrition. The following recommendations were made; caregivers should be properly health educated on the importance of adequate breastfeeding, nurses and other health workers should educate caregivers on the causes and prevention of malnutrition etc.

PENGARUH SIMPLISIA DAUN PEPAYA TERHADAP KECUKUPAN ASI PADA BAYI USIA 0-6 BULAN DI DESA PURBA TUA KECAMATAN PADANGSIDIMPUAN TENGGARA TAHUN 2021

Breast milk contains high nutrients and substances that are useful for the needs of optimal growth and development needed by babies. Its high nutritional content and the presence of immune substances in it make breast milk the main and most perfect source of food for babies. Breast milk contains substances for development, intelligence, immune substances (prevents various diseases), can establish love between mother and baby, delay pregnancy, reduce the risk of breast cancer, and is a special happiness for mothers (Linda, 2019). One of the factors that causes a lack of breastfeeding is less milk production. Problems in the mother are inverted nipples, mastitis or breast abscess, swollen breasts, and sore nipples. In infants, generally it is an error in lactation management, which causes a decrease in breast milk production (lack of breast milk syndrome) (Kumala, Rini, 2017). Papaya leaf simplicia contains alkaloids that are useful for breastfeeding mothers in facilitating breast milk. Because the content can stimulate the release of breast milk (Kurnia, 2018). The purpose of this study was to find out how the Effect of Papaya Leaf Simplicia (Carica Papaya L) on the Adequacy of Breastfeeding in Infants Age 0-6 Months in PurbaTua Village, Southeast Padangsidimpuan District in 2021. Types The research used was experimental research with a prettestposttest only control group design. Using purposive sampling with the number of respondents as many as 16 people, namely the experimental group respondents as many as 8 people and the control group as many as 8 people. Based on the results of the study, it showed that there was an effect of papaya leaf simplicia (Carica Papaya L.) on the adequacy of breast milk in infants aged 0-6 months in PurbaTua Village, Southeast Padangsidimpuan District in 2021 with p-value = 0.028 <0.05. This study is expected to be useful for midwifery services and the development of midwifery science in using papaya leaf extract as an alternative to facilitate breastfeeding so that breastfeeding is sufficient. It is recommended for postpartum mothers, in order to get sufficient milk output, they can use alternatives to consume papaya leaf simplicia (Carica Papaya L) during breastfeeding.

The Effect of Simplicia Leaves of Papaya (Carica Papaya L) on Adequacy of Breast Milk in Babies Aged 6 Months

Adequacy of breast milk is the condition of the baby or mother showing several signs that indicate satisfaction in the production or consumption of breast milk. Infants aged 6 months, can be judged to have adequate breastfeeding, one of which is marked by the baby drinking breast milk every 2-3 hours or in 24 hours at least getting breast milk 8 times in the first 2-3 weeks. Papaya leaf simplicia can be one way to increase the rate of secretion and milk production and a strategy to overcome the failure of exclusive breastfeeding caused by low milk production. Based on this background, the researchers conducted a study on the effect of papaya leaf simplicia (Carica Papaya L.) on the adequacy of breast milk in infants aged 6 months. This type of research is a quasi-experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The results showed that there was an effect of Papaya Leaf Simplicia (Carica Papaya L.) on the adequacy of breast milk in infants aged 6 months (sig=0,000<α=0,05). This shows that consuming Papaya Leaf Simplicia (Carica Papaya L.) is proven to be effective in increasing the adequacy of breast milk.

Comparative Study of Knowledge of Urban and Rural Mothers about Neonatal Care

Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess and compare the knowledge about the neonatal care among the mothers in urban and rural area in district Ajmer province of Rajasthan Materials and methods: Comparative randomized descriptive study was conducted among mothers who willingly gave consent to participate in the study. A structured questionnaire were framed and mothers were interviewed, the answers were recorded. To judge the knowledge score of the mothers closed ended questions having four alternatives were also framed. One mark was allocated for correct response. Results: Among 5800 deliveries, 400 mothers (205 mothers were Urban and 195 mothers were from Rural area) were randomly selected. Mothers with Antenatal check-up had knowledge score of 61% compared to 24% who had no regular antenatal checkup. Knowledge about “Exclusive Breastfeeding” was 84.39% and 68.20% urban mothers and rural mothers and regarding adequacy was 73.17% in Urban and 44.61% in rural mothers. Knowledge about Hygiene was 89.75% and 53.33% in Urban and rural mothers. Skin care and baby bath was 28.29% and 18.46% in Urban and Rural mothers respectively. Knowledge about danger signs was 81.95% and 60% in Urban and Rural mothers respectively. Knowledge regarding immunization at birth was 70.7% and 35.89% in Urban and Rural mothers respectively. Conclusions: Main factors affecting the knowledge score of the mothers about neonatal care were Educational status and Antenatal checkup. Knowledge about adequacy of breastfeeding, Immunization at birth, Danger signs, Temperature maintenance and hygiene was less in rural mothers as compared to urban mothers.

Increasing Perception and Knowledge of Breast Milk Adequacy in Breastfeeding Mothers

In Indonesia, exclusive breastfeeding is still far from achieving the target set by the government. Exclusive breastfeeding coverage in 2016 decreased where in 2013 the achievement of exclusive breastfeeding was reached 38% to 29.5%. One of the factors that influence the success of exclusive breastfeeding is the perception of breastfeeding mothers on the adequacy of their breast milk. In this community service activity, it is to increase the perception of breastfeeding mothers about the adequacy of breast milk production. The activities are carried out by providing exclusive breastfeeding health education, assessing the adequacy of breast milk, factors affecting breast milk production, ways to increase milk production. The target of this service is to breastfeeding mothers who have babies aged 0-6 months so that they can directly help increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in Pakkasalo Village. After education, there was an increase in knowledge of mothers about the adequacy of breastfeeding by 3.32 points. Thus, counseling is one way to help people change their attitudes and behavior to be healthier independently.