Additional Asset Research Articles

OPTION FOR THE ADVISABILITY OF APPROPRIATE AIRCRAFT USE DURING THE PROLONGED SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATIONS

Carrying out search and rescue operations (SAR) in a unified system of aerospace search and rescue (ASR) is not only related to the use of on-duty search and rescue (OSR) aircraft, but also with the need to attract additional forces and assets, including non-regular aircraft. At the same time, the cost of carrying out the SAR is significantly increased during prolonged searches. The article presents a problem solution for reducing the cost of conducting prolonged SAR by the method of expedient use of aircraft in compliance with the necessary system requirements. Studies of last years in this field have hardly considered the specifics of conducting searches in this context. For this purpose, an analysis of the current conditions for the implementation of the SAR is carried out and key options for the use of aircraft are considered. It has been revealed that the amount of the search work is much greater than the amount of evacuation work. Therefore, the main charge of financial resources for the use of aviation in the SAR falls to the search phase. A rationale for the use of light aircraft in the search phase is suggested, for example, to replace some regular (on duty) Мi-8 helicopters instead of the Мi-2, the search capabilities of which are almost identical. The peculiarity of the application is the possibility of carrying out flights by the guidance method. As an example, an SAR with a prolonged phase was considered, in which it was theoretically possible to reduce costs by 8.3%. The proposed method provides a basis for a rethinking of the aircraft modern equipment for the SAR of the regional search and rescue bases in favor of small and less heavy lifting when carrying out prolonged SAR. At the same time, the economy of financial resources is ensured, taking into account the observance of the necessary requirements of the ASR system regarding its effective functioning as a whole.

RENOVATION OF HOUSING SPACE: DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITAL REPAIR MECHANISMS

Relevance: Significance of renovation processes in the housing sector as a basis for the formation of quality and comfortable residential environment for population. The destruction of the system of preventive current repairs of housing stock and the limited financing of renovation processes in this area lead to a catastrophic increase in the wear and tear of residence buildings. In this connection, there is an increasing need to find the most effective mechanism for financing the housing stock renovation via the additional assets and increase in the population's contribution to capital repairs. Purpose: Theoretical substantiation and development of the approach to capital repair financing mechanism based on systematization and generalization of the Russian and foreign experience and approbation of proposals on the example of the Tomsk region. The aim is to study the major repair experience in the Tomsk region to identify the main problems that limit the formation of a quality housing space; analyze the best foreign experience in the implementation of housing renovation projects and identification of promising tools and methods that can be used to adapt to the Russian reality; take measures for the formation of alternative sources of capital repair financing; approve the proposed activities using statistical materials on the example of the capital repair program on apartment buildings in the Tomsk region. Approach/methodology: The methodology utilizes general and specific scientific methods. We use methods of systematization and generalization of scientific approaches, structural and comparative analysis and synthesis, which help to identify effective tools for implementing renovation in the housing sector. Graphical interpretation of the analytical results and statistical methods of data processing are used to analyze the existing situation in the Tomsk region. Using methods of structural grouping we determine regularities and characteristic properties of the objects studied. The analysis of the foreign experience in financing the renovation of the housing stock assists in identification of the most advanced practices in this area. A study of practical aspects of the Russian realities shows capital repair reformation over the past few years has not been able to provide a significant reduction in the number of residence buildings to be repaired. The lack of financing is a major barrier for capital repairs. Research findings: The author proposes to create a reserve fund and increase the contribution to capital repairs. The calculation results show that the additional financing will reduce the number of buildings which need in capital repair. Practical implications: The proposed approach can be used to increase the amount of capital repair of residence buildings and provide the opportunity of forming the quality residential environment which will meet the standards of social convenience.

Own Revenues as Sword of Damocles for Non-Profit Cultural Institutions with the Case Study of National Museum of Valjevo

Practice over decades required that work of non-profit cultural institutions has to be almost absolutely financed by the founders, mainly state authorities. Since the end of the last century, due to general social changes, faced with an increase in budget expenditures, the founders have difficulty maintaining the usual level of budgetary allocation for culture and often they recourse it, and they expect from management of institutions these funds to be provided. This has led to dismay of a new, uknown way of doing business, and to the negative practice that those institutions that have succeeded in earning additional assets are "avanged" by the reduction of their grants, which leads to an additional fear that in the next year, there will be no possibility that previous successes can be repeated. The justification of such fears is also indicated by the case study of the National Museum of Valjevo, which illustrates the situation in which the museum managed to increase the number of visitors, and thus the flow of its own revenues. That is the reason why this museum, as a successful institution, was first "avanged" by the city of Valjevo as the founder, through a considerable increase of obligations, but without additional grants for their realization. When this cultural institution managed to develop new socially useful program activities on the basis of additional own revenues, it faced a series of major and minor crises caused by external factors, which are difficult to predict, control, and annul.

Capital Asset Market Equilibrium With Liquidity Risk, Portfolio Constraints, and Asset Price Bubbles

This paper derives an equilibrium asset pricing model with endogenous liquidity risk, portfolio constraints, and asset price bubbles. Liquidity risk is modeled as a stochastic quantity impact on the price from trading, where the size of the impact depends on trade size. Asset price bubbles are generated by the existence of portfolio constraints, e.g. short sale prohibitions and margin requirements. Under a restrictive set of assumptions, we prove a unique equilibrium price process exists for our economy. We characterize the market’s state price density, which enables the derivation of the risk-return relation for the stock’s expected return including both liquidity risk and asset price bubbles. This yields a generalized intertemporal and consumption CAPM for our economy. In contrast to the traditional models without liquidity risk or asset price bubbles, there are additional systematic liquidity risk and asset price bubble factors which are related to the stock return’s covariation with liquidity risk and asset price bubbles.

Illustration of Step-Wise Latent Class Modeling With Covariates and Taxometric Analysis in Research Probing Children's Mental Models in Learning Sciences.

This paper illustrates two psychometric methods, latent class analysis (LCA) and taxometric analysis (TA) using empirical data from research probing children's mental representation in science learning. LCA is used to obtain a typology based on observed variables and to further investigate how the encountered classes might be related to external variables, where the effectiveness of classification process and the unbiased estimations of parameters become the main concern. In the step-wise LCA, the class membership is assigned and subsequently its relationship with covariates is established. This leading-edge modeling approach suffers from severe downward-biased estimations. The illustration of LCA is focused on alternative bias correction approaches and demonstrates the effect of modal and proportional class-membership assignment along with BCH and ML correction procedures. The illustration of LCA is presented with three covariates, which are psychometric variables operationalizing formal reasoning, divergent thinking and field dependence-independence, respectively. Moreover, taxometric analysis, a method designed to detect the type of the latent structural model, categorical or dimensional, is introduced, along with the relevant basic concepts and tools. TA was applied complementarily in the same data sets to answer the fundamental hypothesis about children's naïve knowledge on the matters under study and it comprises an additional asset in building theory which is fundamental for educational practices. Taxometric analysis provided results that were ambiguous as far as the type of the latent structure. This finding initiates further discussion and sets a problematization within this framework rethinking fundamental assumptions and epistemological issues.

Sino-Iranian Asymmetrical Interdependence in Light of the Iran Nuclear Issue

This article studies how the asymmetrically interdependent Sino-Iranian relationship evolved in light of two major events that both introduced a new phase of the Iran Nuclear Issue: the implementation of the US, EU and UN sanctions on Iran (2010), and the implementation of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (2016). Specifically, it answers the research question: How did the asymmetrically interdependent relationship between Iran and China developed during the three phases of the Iran Nuclear Issue: the pre-sanctions period (2004–2010), the sanctions period (2010 to January 2016), and the period after the implementation of the JCPOA (2016 and 2017)? It provides Keohane and Nye’s definition of asymmetrical interdependence, and uses this definition of asymmetrical interdependence as an analytical tool to select three major areas of connectivity in the Sino-Iranian relationship. These are [1] Commercial Ties, consisting of [1a] Energy Ties, [1b]; Military Cooperation (i.e., arms trade), and, [1c] EU-Iranian Trade as a percentage of Sino-Iranian trade, [2] Technological Comparative Advantage, Assistance, and Cooperation consisting of [2a] Infrastructure, and [2b] Technology, and [3] Additional Strategic Value, which consists of subsections [3a] Additional Strategic Assets, and [3b] Ideological Value. By means of analysis of these categories, this article concludes that, overall, in the period after the 2010 United States, European Union and United Nations Security Council sanctions on Iran came into effect (2011–2015), Iran was more asymmetrically dependent on China than it had been before this event (2004–2010). Nevertheless, this surplus of asymmetrical dependence on China has decreased significantly because of the implementation of the JCPOA (2016–2017).

PERANCANGAN TEKNIK DAN PROSEDUR PEMERIKSAAN PAJAK ATAS HARTA WAJIB PAJAK YANG MENGIKUTI PROGRAM PENGAMPUNAN PAJAK SESUAI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2016

The research’s objectives are to design the tax audit techniques and procedures that can be used to carry out the tax audit on the asset tax payer who follow the tax amnesty program based on Law of The Republic of Indonesia Number 11 Year 2016 Concerning Tax Amnesty. The type of research is descriptive using qualitative approach. Based on the result, the writer found that tax treatment over additional assets and tax evasion practices will affect the three posts in the Annual Tax Return that is Earnings/income, income tax payable and depreciation/amortization expenses. Audit techniques that can be used is the use of internal/external information of Directorate General of Taxations, tracing, tracking evidence, testing the validity of document, confirmations, testing the truth of mathematical calculation, inspection and reviews. While the audit procedure is a series of steps that should be implemented to carry out a tax audit techniques.

Neonates with congenital Cytomegalovirus and hearing loss identified via the universal newborn hearing screening program

BackgroundCongenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common non-genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Currently, there are no universal CMV screening programs for newborns or routine CMV testing of neonates with hearing loss in Australia, or elsewhere. ObjectivesThis study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of congenital CMV infection in infants with hearing loss identified using routine resources via the Australian universal neonatal hearing screening (UNHS) program. Study designInfants who failed UNHS, referred for audiological testing and found to have permanent hearing loss were screened for CMV via PCR of urine and saliva. Congenital CMV was diagnosed if CMV was detected in infants ≤30 days of age, or using retrospective testing on stored new born screening cards, retrospective testing, or using clinical criteria if >30 days of age. The cohort was analyzed for time of testing and prevalence of congenital CMV determined. ResultsThe Audiology Department reviewed 1669 infants who failed UNHS between 2009 and 2016. Thirty percent (502/1669) had permanent hearing loss confirmed, of whom 336/502 were offered CMV testing. A definite (n = 11) or probable (n = 8) diagnosis of congenital CMV occurred in 19/323 (5.9%), of whom definite diagnoses were made in 4/19 on tests positive prior to 21 days of life, in 5/19 who were positive on neonatal blood screening card (NBSC) testing, in 2/19 who were positive on placental testing. In 8/19 probable diagnoses were made based on positive testing between ages 23–42 days and a consistent clinical syndrome in the absence of another cause for hearing loss after genetic and other testing. CMV testing mirrored the timing of audiological testing, with ∼40% completing audiology and CMV testing by 21 days, and 64% by 30 days. ConclusionThis program, utilizing existing clinical services identified probable congenital CMV in ∼6% of a large cohort failing UNHS with permanent hearing loss, of whom more than half were definite diagnoses. No additional assets were required to those already existing in this tertiary referral pediatric centre, whilst providing useful and timely data for clinical and audiological management.

Augmenting Human Performance in Remotely Piloted Aircraft.

An experiment in a program of research supporting the sense-assess-augment (SAA) framework is described. The objective is to use physiological measures to assess operator cognitive workload in remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) operations, and provide augmentation to assist the operator in times of high workload. In previous experiments, physiological measures were identified that demonstrate sensitivity to changes in workload. The current research solely focuses on the augmentation component of the SAA paradigm. This line of research uses a realistic RPA simulation with varying levels of workload. Recruited from the Midwest region were 12 individuals (6 women) to participate in the experiment. The subjects were trained to perform a surveillance task and a tracking task using RPAs. There was also a secondary task in which subjects were required to answer cognitive probes. A within subjects factorial design was employed with three factors per task. Subjective workload estimates were acquired using the NASA-TLX. Performance data were calculated using a composite scoring algorithm. Augmentation significantly improved performance and reduced workload in both tasks. In the surveillance task, augmentation increased performance from 573.78 to 679.04. Likewise, augmentation increased performance in the tracking task from 749.39 to 791.81. Augmentation was more beneficial in high workload conditions than low workload conditions. The increase in performance and decrease in workload associated with augmentation is an important and anticipated finding. This suggests that augmentation should only be provided when it is truly needed, especially if the augmentation requires additional assets and/or resources.Gruenwald CM, Middendorf MS, Hoepf MR, Galster SM. Augmenting human performance in remotely piloted aircraft. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(2):115-121.

Boosting innovative Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in Regions for young entrepreneurs – regional perspective of entrepreneurship

From 2016 till 2020 iEER project partners will learn from each other to build better services and regional policies in order to support startups. The project aims to break down silo mentality and bring together all actors having a hand in entrepreneurial success. Universities, local and regional authorities, entrepreneurship support organisations and SMEs are closely involved in the project both on the local and interregional levels. International studies on macro and micro level are conducted as well as analyses of the regional context of ecosystems supporting the entrepreneurship. Individual perspective of startups and small companies is taking to the account. The article describes practical aspects related to the support of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, which is an additional asset. The research method itself is a method of classical data analysis (desk research) and case studies, but the description of idea how to boost youth entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship ecosystem itself is a new approach. Results of the iEER project analyses are presented in article, as well as comparative study of Westpomerania Region to other regions in Europe.

IMPACT OF OPERATING COSTS ON ECONOMIC PHENOMENA AND THE POSSIBILITY OF THEIR OPTIMIZATION AT PROCESSORS

In conditions of self-repayment and self-financing, the profit maximization and production efficiency increase become the main aim of enterprises. Under the impact of deflationary conditions and many other reasons, the prices fixation at a certain level is necessary for the maintenance of the effectual demand and supply. In this case, the effective system of production costs management becomes necessary for the maintenance of profitability level and reaching the high indicators of enterprise operations. The forecasting of leading economic indicators is an important operations direction of any sphere in modern economic conditions. The aim of this article is to research the impact of costs on the economic phenomena of enterprises of processing sphere and give the opportunity for their optimization. The theoretic, methodical, and application issues relating to the management of costs and their optimization at enterprises of processing sphere are the goal of the research. Methodology. In the article writing, the following methods were used: abstract-logical, monographic, economic and mathematical. Results. The enterprise costs are not only an indicator of its profitability determination, and an indicator, with the help of which there is a possibility to determine the enterprise’s development level as well. It is stated that the basic mechanism of processing industry enterprises operation is a management system, and the costs management is one of the main functions of it. The development of measures for the production costs decrease is the main element of the costs management system at the enterprise. The search for suppliers of the reliable operating resources; manufactured products variety improvement; labour organization and selling improvement; labour efficiency increase; maximum involvement of additional income and available assets (lease of areas, not currently used by the business entity that will result in additional income and, thus, reduce the cost of maintenance of these premises or equipment); permanent control over the enterprise’s costs; increase of efficiency of internal costs management, basing the timely and qualitative analysis are used for the purpose of optimization of the operational costs at enterprises of processing industry. Practical implications. The multicriteria optimization model of enterprise costs has been developed for the costs management at the enterprises of the processing industry. Its essence is to find the optimal plan for the production of sausage products and the volume of renewal of production resources in the conditions of limitation of production costs. The implementation of this model consists from three stages: 1) the volumes of production of sausage products, subject to search, are determined by the variables, with dual indexation; 2) the restrictions for the created model are determined; 3) the target functions of the created model are determined. Value/originally. The optimization of production costs and management of the output plan of the meat processing and packing plant products allows the provision of a rational structure of meat products and form the volumes of their renewal with the resources during the minimization of the deviation of a new production plan relative to current one.

Bonds, Stocks, and Sources of Mispricing

This paper shows that distressed stocks and bonds are overpriced during high sentiment periods. The correction of overpricing leads to a range of anomalous cross-sectional patterns in stock and bond returns. Including bonds as additional test assets allows us to develop testable restrictions about overpricing rationales related to lottery-type preferences, shareholders' ability to extract value during bankruptcy, and market sentiment. It also reinforces the notion that anomaly payoffs are unexplained by co-movement with risk factors. The evidence suggests that anomalies are attributable to sentiment-driven investors' (both retail and institutional) excessive optimism about the likelihood and consequences of financial distress.

Fast in situ gamma spectroscopy using hand-held spectrometer with NaI probe

In this work a hand-held spectrometer InSpector 1000 with NaI (Tl) 2″ x 2″ detector has been adapted to fast in situ gamma-ray spectroscopy. Two specially designed mounting stands with shielding have been built, allowing conducting measurements in different geometries. Three particular geometries (NW, IS50, IS00) have been chosen for efficiency calibration and further study. The first one (NW) is intended for small environmental samples (volume ca 140 cm3) collected on site. IS50 geometry is a typical in situ geometry meant for radioactivity measurements in soil with detector pointed towards the ground. In this geometry the probe is shielded and mounted 50 cm above the soil surface. The new proposed geometry IS00 is designed in the way that the detector is inserted directly into the soil in order to increase the counting efficiency. The methods of efficiency calibration involved using calibration standards (in NW geometry) and the results obtained in previous in situ measurements with InSpector 2000 portable spectrometer with HPGe detector and ISOCS™ Shield Systems, which is routinely used in environmental measurements.NW geometry turned out to be useful for natural radioisotopes concentrations (K-40, U-238 and Th-232), which significantly exceed typical values of those concentrations observed in Poland. Both IS50 and IS00 geometries are applicative for quick (2 h long measurement) evaluation of typical concentrations of K, U and Th in soils. The newly proposed geometry IS00 is superior as it showed lower detection limits and uncertainties as well as its handling was far easier than of IS50. Authors have proven that hand-held spectrometer InSpector 1000, together with mounting stands and shielding, can be successfully used for fast in situ gamma-spectroscopy. Its relatively small weight and good mobility are additional assets. Moreover, detailed procedures for measurements in each geometry have been developed to conduct such analyses properly.

FACTORS AFFECTING CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON REGIONAL COMPANY OF BKK RURAL BANKS IN SUKOHARJO REGENCY

The analysis result shows that sales positively affect the capital structure, it means that more sales increase is financed by debt. The asset structure does not positively affect the capital structure, it means that additional current assets are more financed from debt.Profitability has no negative effect on capital structure, it means that profits earned by the company can be partially replanted into the company to increase their own capital. Growth does not negatively affect the capital structure, it means a declining growth rate from year to year due to limited own capital, so asset growth is still financed by debt.Based on the F tests, it shows the sales, asset structure, profitability, growth affects the capital structure simultaneously. Coefficient of determination R², Adjusted R Square value is obtained which shows sales, asset structure, profitability, and growth can explain the structure of capital, the remainder is explained by the residual variable or outside of this study.
 
 Keywords: sales, asset structure, profitability, growth, and regression linear multiple.

The role of translation technologies in Spanish language learning

ABSTRACTTranslation for language learning has reemerged during recent years as an additional asset for foreign language instruction. In this time, the professional practice and training of translation has moved to a technological paradigm in which virtually all translation activities are computer mediated and this complex activity is conceptualized as human–computer interaction. Translation is therefore now inseparable from the physical computer, translation technologies, tools and resources found online and the interconnectedness provided by the Internet. This article reviews these technologies in the context of Spanish language learning. For these purposes, three main areas of interest are discussed and placed in the context of language learning. First of all, the role of machine translation (MT) both as an assistance in reading and writing tasks and from the perspective of post-editing for language learning is examined. The second area of interest is the use of translational corpora in the foreign language classroom. The article will finish with a review of the increasingly popular language-related crowdsourcing technologies that are expanding translation tasks to language learners around the world using specialized micro-task workflows.

The special drawing right: a formal critic to the dollar dominance in the international monetary system

ABSTRACT In the late-1960’s, international discussions over a possible reform of the international monetary system originated the Special Drawing Right (SDR). While they had been created initially to represent an additional asset to complement the existing reserves of U.S. dollars and gold, after the crisis of the Bretton Woods system the SDR was considered a possible substitute of the U.S. dollar. Relying on a consolidated literature, this article aims at demonstrating that the origins of the SDR were not the exclusive result of technical financial negotiations, but of the convergence of higher political interests against the United States and the dollar dominance.

Livelihood Strategies and Forest Product Utilisation of Rural Households in Nepal

Most Nepalese rural households adopt diversified strategies of income generation and use products directly collected from forests. To analyse the influence of livelihood strategy on forest product utilisation, a survey of 336 rural households in lowland Nepal was conducted. Four livelihood strategies were identified by means of a Principal Component Analysis based on income variables, followed by hierarchical cluster analysis. Two livelihood strategies are assigned to on-farm activities and two to off-farm activities. The off-farm based strategies were found to result in higher household incomes. To test for differences across the livelihood strategies, additional socio-demographic variables, physical assets and location information have been analysed using ANOVA. The forest product utilisation behaviour of the households differs significantly between livelihood strategies. The households adopting a subsistence-based strategy collect the most forest products while achieving the lowest total income. However, a general influence of the total household income on the forest utilisation intensity is not confirmed. Households receiving remittances from abroad achieve the highest incomes but still collect forest products. The group of most forest-dependent households is mainly characterised by living near the forest and far from city centres with commodity and labour markets, and by having low education and a young head of household. The households relying mainly on private business income have the lowest forest product utilisation and are characterised by the highest education, proximity to markets and greatest area of agricultural land.

THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS ON SOCIETY’S SAFETY BASED ON ACTIVITY OF AMAZON.COM IN POLAND AND GREAT BRITAIN

Social influence is not identical in each country or society, since activity of biggest corporations is so diverse. A lot of factors – both on the corporation side, as individual countries regulations – influence it, as well as societies and local communities specification. The aim of this article is to characterize the influence of transnational corporations on local communities safety on the example of Amazon.com corporation. Authors compared instances of two countries, in which this company runs le. Poland and Great Britain. Due to differences in conditions of functioning on these markets (e.g. on the level of economic growth or society), comparison of these two cases can give interesting results. An additional asset is the fact that author was an Amazon employee and he made many absorbing observations about the meaning of working in this corporation for members of local communities. The presence of transnational corporations in local area has a significant impact on local communities safety, because of influence on key needs of local societies members’ in terms of safety. The main thing is employment and salary. Very often huge logistics centres or manufacturing plants become the key employer in the region.

Taxes and capital structure: Understanding firms’ savings

The U.S. non-financial corporate sector became a net lender to the rest of the economy in the early 2000s, with close to half of all publicly-traded firms holding financial assets in excess of their debt liabilities. We develop a simple dynamic model of debt and equity financing where firms strive to accumulate financial assets even though debt is fiscally advantageous relative to equity. Moreover, firms find it optimal to fund additional financial asset holdings through equity revenues. The calibrated model matches well the distribution of public firms’ balance sheets during the 2000s and correctly predicts which firms are net savers.

Early Detection of Increased Intracranial Pressure Episodes in Traumatic Brain Injury: External Validation in an Adult and in a Pediatric Cohort.

A model for early detection of episodes of increased intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury patients has been previously developed and validated based on retrospective adult patient data from the multicenter Brain-IT database. The purpose of the present study is to validate this early detection model in different cohorts of recently treated adult and pediatric traumatic brain injury patients. Prognostic modeling. Noninterventional, observational, retrospective study. The adult validation cohort comprised recent traumatic brain injury patients from San Gerardo Hospital in Monza (n = 50), Leuven University Hospital (n = 26), Antwerp University Hospital (n = 19), Tübingen University Hospital (n = 18), and Southern General Hospital in Glasgow (n = 8). The pediatric validation cohort comprised patients from neurosurgical and intensive care centers in Edinburgh and Newcastle (n = 79). None. The model's performance was evaluated with respect to discrimination, calibration, overall performance, and clinical usefulness. In the recent adult validation cohort, the model retained excellent performance as in the original study. In the pediatric validation cohort, the model retained good discrimination and a positive net benefit, albeit with a performance drop in the remaining criteria. The obtained external validation results confirm the robustness of the model to predict future increased intracranial pressure events 30 minutes in advance, in adult and pediatric traumatic brain injury patients. These results are a large step toward an early warning system for increased intracranial pressure that can be generally applied. Furthermore, the sparseness of this model that uses only two routinely monitored signals as inputs (intracranial pressure and mean arterial blood pressure) is an additional asset.