Addition Of Mannan Oligosaccharides Research Articles

Improving antibacterial activity and viability of Lactobacillus plantarum AKK30 as feed additive by addition of different oligosaccharides

Combination of lactic acid bacteria as probiotic with oligosaccharides substances has potentially improved nutrient utilization and poultry performance. A study was conducted to evaluate-the addition of oligosaccharides inulin or mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) with different level of oligosaccharides into growth medium on antibacterial activity and viability of Lactobacillus plantarum AKK30 in vitro. The experiment was arranged on the factorial design using two factors, the A factors were oligosaccharides types (inulin or MOS), and the B factors were increased level of oligosaccharides (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%). Each treatment was conducted in 3 replications. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) among the treatments that show significant differences (p<0.05) followed by Duncan post hoc test. The results showed that the combination of L. plantarum and oligosaccharides (P<0.05) influenced L. plantarum growth according to the value of OD (0D-590nm). However, a combination of L. plantarum and oligosaccharides was not significant (p>0.05) for antibacterial activity. Addition of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) 0.5 - 2% could increase growth of L. plantarum growth with 0.5% MOS as optimum level.

Inclusion of live yeast and mannan-oligosaccharides in high grain-based diets for sheep: Ruminal parameters, inflammatory response and rumen morphology.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), mannan-oligosaccharides and the combination of these additives on the inflammatory response, ruminal parameters and rumen morphology of sheep fed a high grain-based diet. Thirty-Two Dorper x Santa Ines crossbred lambs with an average weight of 24±2 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design. The animals were housed in individual stalls and fed ad libitum. Diet treatments were: Control (without additive); LY (2 g/kg DM of live yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae), MOS (2 g/kg DM of mannan-oligosaccharides) and LY+MOS (2 g/kg DM of LY + 2 g/kg DM of MOS). The experiment lasted 42 days. The supplementation with MOS alone and the additives combination resulted in increased ruminal pH (P<0.01), while the total concentrations of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the rumen were higher (P<0.05) only in the diets with LY and MOS. Ammonia (NH3) concentration in the rumen decreased (P<0.04) with the additives usage. Diets with LY, MOS and with additives combination reduced (P<0.01) the levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the plasma with values of 0.46; 0.44 and 0.04 EU/mL, respectively when compared to the control (0.93 EU/mL). MOS and LY+MOS treatments had reduced stratum corneum thickness (P<0.01) in comparison to the control treatment. The total thickness of ruminal epithelium was lower with the addition of MOS in the diet (P<0.03) than with LY additive. The incidence and severity of hepatic abscesses in animals whose diet was supplemented with LY and LY+MOS was lower (P<0.05) than in animals fed the control diet. The use of LY, MOS and LY+MOS in the high-concentrate diets for sheep reduced NH3 concentrations and LPS translocation into the bloodstream. Diets containing MOS and LY+MOS enhanced the health of the ruminal epithelium by reducing the thickness of the stratum corneum, and diets containing LY and LY+MOS decreased the incidence and severity of hepatic abscesses.

EFFECTS OF DIETARY BEE POLLEN AND MANNAN OLIGOSACCHARIDE ON SEMEN QUALITY IN RABBITS UNDER EGYPTIAN SUMMER CONDITIONS

The objectives of the present study were to verify the effect of using bee pollen and mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) in the feed mixture on semen quality and reduce the effect of lipid peroxidation of V-line rabbit buck semen during Egyptian hot summer season. A total number of 16 mature V line (VL) rabbit bucks 7-8 months-old of proven fertility with an average initial live body weight of 3.52±0.32 kg were classified into four homogeneous treatment groups of 4 bucks. Bucks were kept under a continuous 16 h light/8 h dark photoperiod and the ambient temperature ranged from 27.3 to 30.3 °C and relative humidity ranged from 72.8 to 75.4%. The estimated temperature-humidity index value indicated that during the experimental period rabbit bucks were exposed to severe heat stress. Four experimental diets were formulated to represent four dietary treatments. Bucks in the first treatment group were given the basal diet without supplementation and served as a control group, the second group was given 0.5 % MOS in their diet, while the third and fourth groups included bucks with supplementation of 0.1 and 0.2 % bee pollen in their diets, respectively. Results show that addition of 0.2 % bee pollen resulted insignificant decrease in semen hydrogen ion concentration (pH) as compared with the control and the other experimental feed additives. Addition of MOS, 0.1 and 0.2 % bee pollen significantly increased individual sperm motility, beside, these feed additives numerically increased ejaculate volume and sperm concentration as compared with the control group. Administration of 0.2 % bee pollen insignificantly increased live sperm percentage and mass activity by 13.2 and 27.4 %, respectively. Numerical increase in packed sperm volume (PSV) percentage amounted to 9.8 % due to administration of 0.2 % bee pollen. On the other hand, it was observed that MOS and bee pollen improved testosterone concentration and acrosome action percentage in comparison with the control group. Numerical decrease in seminal plasma MDA concentration, with significant increase in seminal plasma TAC due to MOS and bee pollen supplementation in comparison with the control group. In conclusion, results indicated that MOS and bee pollen improved semen quality and antioxidant status of rabbit bucks during Egyptian summer season.

Histological and micro-/macro-morphological evaluation of intestine in sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo) fed soybean meal-based diets added with MOS and inulin as prebiotics

The effects of mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) and inulin (INU) inclusion (8 g kg−1) in a soybean meal (SBM)-containing diet on histology, macro- and micromorphology of proximal and distal intestine of sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo) were evaluated. 144 sharpsnout seabream (100 g average initial body weight) were fed with 4 isolipidic and isoproteic diets. At the end of the experimental period (114 days), four fish per diet were randomly sampled. The partial substitution of fish meal (FM) with SBM affected the intestine histology and macromorphology of sharpsnout seabream and modified the enterocyte parameters. The addition of prebiotics has not produced positive effects, leading in some cases to a worsening, especially for INU diet that markedly altered the intestine histology. The micromorphological values were in both proximal and distal intestines significantly affected by the diet: in proximal tract, the nucleus was closer to the apex of the enterocyte in soy-fed fish (SBM, IMU, MOS diets), while fish fed with MOS diet showed the lowest value of enterocyte height, significantly different from the FM diet. In distal tract of intestine, fish fed with FM diet showed the highest value for all considered parameters, while MOS diet resulted in the lowest enterocyte height and supranucleus height among the four diets. SBM-containing diets (SBM, IMU, MOS) resulted in lower values than FM diet for the features of enterocyte nucleus. Microvilli height was not affected by the diet in both proximal and distal tracts. In conclusion in this study, the partial substitution of FM with SBM (40 % on protein basis) induced inflammatory reaction of the gut in sharpsnout seabream, evidenced by histological analysis and changes in morphometric characters of villi and enterocytes, not amended by the addition of MOS and even worsened in the case of inulin.

Gut Bacterial and Lactobacilli Communities of Weaning Piglets in Response to Mannan Oligosaccharide and Sugar Beet Pulp In vitro Fermentation

Microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of piglets during weaning transition can experience a sharp change which could result in growth reduction and diarrhea of weaned piglets. Dietary manipulations can play an important role in attenuating such changes caused by weaning stress. Therefore, ileal and colonic contents of weaned piglets were used as inocula, mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) or sugar beet pulp (SBP) was supplied as single energy sources to investigate effects of MOS or SBP on the shifts of gastro-intestinal microflora and lactobacilli populations. The universal bacteriaand lactobacilli-specific PCR/denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), cloning and sequencing techniques were used. DGGE profiles of the universal bacteria showed that great changes were found in the position, numbers and intensity of dominant bands after fermentation. The similarity of bacterial community between ileum and colon was increased to 85-97% by MOS or SBP treatment after fermentation from the similarity with 20% before fermentation. MOS treatment significantly increased the bacterial diversity and band number in both ileal and colonic fermentation (P<0.05). SBP treatment significantly increased the bacterial diversity and band number in colon (P<0.05). It implies that some species were enriched by the addition of MOS or SBP to increase the similarity and diversity of bacterial community in weaned piglets. Five specific bands appearing in MOS or SBP treatment group after fermentation were cloned and sequenced, the changes of species related to Prevotella and Ruminococcus were observed. Two bands related to uncultured bacterium with 98% similarity were detected by MOS or SBP treatment. However, there were no effects on the similarity, diversity index and lactobacilli species revealed by MOS or SBP treatment. These results imply that MOS or SBP could have beneficial effects on the weaning piglets by stablizing microbiota in the GIT microflora.

Mananoligossacarídeos em dietas para frangos de corte

Objetivou-se avaliar dietas contendo mananoligossacarídeos (MOS) como aditivo alternativo aos promotores de crescimento por meio do estudo da morfometria do intestino e do desempenho de frangos de corte. Para tanto, 1280 pintos de corte foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (controle negativo, CN: dieta isenta de antibiótico; controle positivo, CP: dieta contendo antibiótico e duas dietas, MOS 1 e MOS 2, nas quais foram adicionadas ao CN duas fontes distintas de MOS) e oito repetições, sendo a unidade experimental composta por 40 aves. Para submeter as aves ao desafio sanitário, foi formulada uma dieta basal com milho, farelo de soja e farinha de carne e ossos. Adotou-se cama reutilizada, limpeza dos bebedouros duas vezes por semana e oferta semanal de água contaminada com cama. Foram avaliadas altura de vilo e profundidade de cripta do duodeno, jejuno e íleo, consumo da dieta, peso médio, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar das aves. Houve melhora na profundidade de cripta no jejuno e na altura de vilo no íleo das aves alimentadas com dietas contendo MOS. A adição de MOS, independente da fonte, resultou em melhor conversão alimentar em relação às aves do CN, sendo similares às aves do CP. Os mananoligossacarídeos podem ser utilizados como aditivo alternativo aos promotores de crescimento em dietas para frangos de corte, porém, dependendo da fonte, esta pode acarretar em pequenas diferenças no desempenho das aves.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Mannan Oligosaccharides and Acidifier Calcium Propionate on the Performance and Carcass Quality of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica)

Experimentation was performed to determine the effect of the dietary supplementation of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) and the acidifier calcium formate (CF) on the performance and carcass quality of the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Three hundred 1-day old Japanese quail divided into four groups with three subgroups each were fed a basal diet that served as control, or a basal diet containing 6 g kg -1 CF or 1 g kg -1 MOS or 1 g kg -1 MOS plus 6 g kg -1 CF. The body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and mortality were examined at weekly intervals. On day 42 of age the birds were slaughtered, the carcasses were processed and the carcass weight, carcass dressing percentage and carcass parts percentage were calculated. Moreover, the breast meat composition and its fatty acid profile were analyzed. The results of the experimentation showed that the addition of MOS in the feed resulted in lower (P 0.050) differences were noticed for the other examined parameters. The combined use of MOS and CF did not adversely affect the performance of the growing quail or their carcass quality.

Performance, intestinal microflora, and blood constituents in finishing turkeys fed diets supplemented with dietary mannan oligosaccharide and live yeast

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) in finishing turkeys’ diets on performance, intestinal microflora, duodenal viscosity and pH, and blood constituents. A total of seventy-two, Big6, 10-week-old, male poults were divided into three dietary treatments and eight replicate pens per treatment. Treatments including the following: 1. basal diet (control - C, no additive), 2. addition of MOS 1 g per kg basal diet, and 3. SC 1 g per kg (strain SC47, 300 × 10 10 CFU/kg) basal diet. The treatments did not affect body weight, duodenal viscosity, and pH. The daily feed intake (P 0.05).

Effects of Mannanoligosaccharide on Growth Performance, the Development of Gut Microflora, and Gut Function of Broiler Chickens Raised on New Litter

In search of substances to replace antibiotics as growth promoters for farm animals, mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) have been proposed as a possible alternative. In the present experiment, the influence of MOS on growth performance and bacteriological, morphological, and functional aspects of small intestine was investigated in broiler chickens at different ages. Three dietary treatments were used: a negative control without MOS or antibiotic, a positive control (Zn bacitracin), and 2 g of MOS/kg of diet. The MOS supplement tended to improve BW gain compared with the negative control in early life (P = 0.07). The counts of total anaerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and Clostridium perfringens were not affected by the supplementation of MOS. The counts of coliform bacteria were increased in young birds treated with MOS. No significant differences in the gut morphology and function were noticed between the MOS treatment and the negative or the positive control at d 14, but birds in the positive control group had significantly higher jejunal villi and mucosal alkaline phosphatase activities than MOS-supplemented birds at d 35. In the current study conducted under hygienic experimental conditions, the addition of MOS did not show a clear positive effect on performance or intestinal morphology and function.

Effects of mannan oligosaccharide and an antimicrobial product in nursery diets on performance of pigs reared on three different farms1

The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and a feed-grade antimicrobial (AM) on growth performance of nursery pigs reared on three different farms (A and B were large-scale commercial farms, and C was located at Michigan State University). On all farms, production was continuous flow by building, but all-in/all-out by room. Within each nursery facility, all pigs on the experiment were in one room. Pigs (Farm A, n = 771, weaning age = 18.4 d; Farm B, n = 576, weaning age = 19.0 d; Farm C, n = 96, weaning age = 20.6 d) were blocked (within farm) by BW and sex and allotted randomly to dietary treatments arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial. The two factors were 1) with and without MOS (0.3% in Phase I, 0.2% in Phases II, III, and IV; as-fed basis) and 2) with and without AM (110 mg of tylosin and 110 mg of sulfamethazine/kg of diet in all phases; as-fed basis). The four nursery phases were 4, 7, 14, and 17 d, respectively. With 35, 20, and 4 pigs per pen on Farms A, B, and C, respectively, space allowances per pig were 0.29, 0.26, and 0.56 m2. Across all farms, the addition of AM and MOS plus AM increased (P < 0.05) ADG (368, 406, and 410 g/d for control, AM, and MOS plus AM, respectively and increased ADFI (661, 703, and 710 g/d for control, AM, and MOS plus AM, respectively) for the entire 42-d experiment. The addition of MOS also increased ADG (P < 0.05) from d 0 to 42 of the experiment (394 g/d). Performance differed depending on farm (P < 0.01). Antimicrobial did not affect growth performance on Farm B, but it increased (P < 0.05) ADG on Farms A and C, ADFI on Farm A, and G:F on Farm C. Growth improvements with MOS on Farms A and B were not significant; however, pigs on Farm C fed MOS had greater (P < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F than controls. The results of this study suggest that MOS may be an alternative to tylosin and sulfa-methazine as a growth promotant in nursery diets.

Effects of mannan oligosaccharide or antibiotics in neonatal diets on health and growth of dairy calves.

Seventy-two Holstein calves were used to study the effect of feeding antibiotics or mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) in milk replacer. Calves were fed a 20% protein, 20% fat milk replacer containing antibiotics (400 g/ton neomycin + 200 g/ton oxytetracycline), MOS (4 g of Bio-Mos/d), or no additive (control) for 5 wk. Milk replacer was reconstituted to 12.5% dry matter and fed at 12% of birth weight during wk 1 and 14% of birth weight in wk 2 to 5. Fecal scores were monitored 3 times per week; body weight, heart girth, withers height, hip height, and hip width were measured at birth and weekly to 6 wk of age. Addition of MOS or antibiotics increased the probability of normal scores for fecal fluidity, scours severity, and fecal consistency as compared to control calves during the course of the study. Consumption of calf starter increased at a faster rate in calves fed MOS, and these calves consumed more calf starter after weaning (wk 6), than those fed antibiotic. No treatment differences in growth measures, total blood protein, or blood urea nitrogen were detected during the trial. Addition of MOS or antibiotics to milk replacer improved fecal scores in calves. Feed intake was improved in MOS-fed calves compared to antibiotic-fed calves, but this difference did not result in growth differences during the experimental period. The results suggest that antibiotics in milk replacers can be replaced with compounds such as mannan oligosaccharides to obtain similar calf performance.

Enhanced penicillin production by oligosaccharides from batch cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum in stirred-tank reactors

Alginate and galactomannan-derived oligosaccharides enhanced the production of penicillin G when added to stirred tank reactor cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum. The addition of oligomannuronate and oligoguluronate blocks increased penicillin G yield by 47% and 49%, respectively. The effect of mannan oligosaccharides was found to be more pronounced with 69% higher yield than the control cultures. The maximum increase in the average specific productivity of the oligosaccharide augmented cultures was 55% after addition of mannan oligosaccharides. In addition, a difference was observed in all cases in the accumulation pattern of the intermediate of penicillin biosynthesis, δ-( l-α-aminoadipyl)- l-cysteinyl- d-valine.

Enhanced penicillin production by oligosaccharides from batch cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum in stirred-tank reactors.

Alginate and galactomannan-derived oligosaccharides enhanced the production of penicillin G when added to stirred tank reactor cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum. The addition of oligomannuronate and oligoguluronate blocks increased penicillin G yield by 47% and 49%, respectively. The effect of mannan oligosaccharides was found to be more pronounced with 69% higher yield than the control cultures. The maximum increase in the average specific productivity of the oligosaccharide augmented cultures was 55% after addition of mannan oligosaccharides. In addition, a difference was observed in all cases in the accumulation pattern of the intermediate of penicillin biosynthesis, delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine.