Addictive Substances Research Articles

Psychometric properties of the Treatment Effectiveness Assessment in methamphetamine use disorder

IntroductionThe ability for people living with stimulant use disorder to live meaningful lives requires not only abstinence from addictive substances, but also healthy engagement with their community, lifestyle practices, and overall health. The Treatment Effectiveness Assessment (TEA) assesses components of recovery consisting of four functional domains: substance use, health, lifestyle, and community. This secondary data analysis of 403 participants with severe methamphetamine use disorder tested the reliability and validity of the TEA. MethodsParticipants were enrolled in the Accelerated Development of Additive Pharmacotherapy Treatment (ADAPT-2) for methamphetamine use disorder. The study used total TEA and domain scores at baseline to assess factor structure and internal consistency, as well as construct validity related to substance cravings (visual analog scale [VAS]), quality of life (quality-of-life assessment [QoL]), mental health (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9], Concise Health Risk Tracking Scale Self-Report [CHRT-SR16]), and social support (CHRT-SR16). ResultsIndividual TEA items showed moderate to large correlations with each other (r = 0.27–0.51; p < .001), and strong correlations to the total score (r = 0.69–0.78; p < .001). Internal consistency was strong (coefficient α = 0.73 [0.68–0.77]; coefficient ω = 0.73 [0.69–0.78]). Construct validity was acceptable, with the strongest correlation between the TEA Health item and the general health status item on the QoL (r = 0.53, p < .001). ConclusionsTEA has acceptable levels of reliability and validity supporting prior similar findings in a sample of participants with moderate to severe methamphetamine use disorder. Results from this study provide support for its use in assessing clinically meaningful changes beyond simply reduced substance use.

JWA inhibits nicotine-induced lung cancer stemness and progression through CHRNA5/AKT-mediated JWA/SP1/CD44 axis

Cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for lung cancer. Nicotine, as an addictive substance in tobacco and e-cigarettes, is known to promote tumor progression and metastasis despite being a non-carcinogen. As a tumor suppressor gene, JWA is widely involved in the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, including in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the role of JWA in nicotine-induced tumor progression remains unclear. Here, we reported for the first time that JWA was significantly downregulated in smoking-related lung cancer and associated with overall survival. Nicotine exposure reduced JWA expression in a dose-dependent manner. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis showed the tumor stemness pathway was enriched in smoking-related lung cancer, and JWA was negatively associated with stemness molecules CD44, SOX2, and CD133. JWA also inhibited nicotine-enhanced colony formation, spheroid formation, and EDU incorporation in lung cancer cells. Mechanically, nicotine downregulated JWA expression via the CHRNA5-mediated AKT pathway. Lower JWA expression enhanced CD44 expression through inhibition of ubiquitination-mediated degradation of Specificity Protein 1 (SP1). The in vivo data indicated that JAC4 through the JWA/SP1/CD44 axis inhibited nicotine-triggered lung cancer progression and stemness. In conclusion, JWA via down-regulating CD44 inhibited nicotine-triggered lung cancer cell stemness and progression. Our study may provide new insights to develop JAC4 for the therapy of nicotine-related cancers.

Factors Causing Drugs Among Adolescents in Bandar Lampung City

One of the problems that occurs in Indonesia is drug abuse. The meaning of Narkoba is psychotropic narcotics and other addictive substances. Narcotics or drugs are used as medicinal ingredients and research in medical science. As the years go, the drugs are abused by irresponsible people, causing side effects that are quite dangerous for people. The most users of drugs are teenagers where the teenagers who should be the nation’s relay are destroyed because of drugs.

Aktualisasi Pemberdayaan Keluarga Dalam Pemberantasan Penyalahgunaan Narkoba

The phenomenon of abuse of narcotics and illegal drugs among the younger generation is currently increasing. The condition of deviant behavior of the younger generation can endanger the survival of our nation's development because they are increasingly fragile and devoured by addictive substances that destroy nerves. Our young generation can no longer think clearly, as a result, the assets of this strong and intelligent nation will only be a memory. The family as a micro community in society has an important role in controlling and eradicating the dangers of drugs. Actualizing the function of the family as a forum for empowerment is one of the pillars that needs to be done and therefore family resilience is the basic foundation of the strength of the sustainability of national development. The Thematic Community Service Program by LPPM UNG in 2021 is oriented to assisting the community in combating drug abuse which is currently rife in society in general. The programs that will be delivered by students will refer to assistance activities to the community to be equally resilient and responsive in eradicating drug abuse. The target of the theme is "Community Empowerment in the Eradication of Drug/Narcotics Abuse to Realize a Shining Village (Drug Clean)". then one of the strategic programs developed is to actualize the function of the family as a forum for empowerment in eradicating drug abuse. It is important to do this because through such a program it will have an effect on increasing public knowledge and being able to innovate in handling and eradicating Drug Abuse and Illegal Drugs in the Village Community. The results of the program's achievements indicate that the actualization of family empowerment through the Thematic KKN program is the participation of families and rural communities to provide support for efforts to eradicate and control drugs which in turn becomes an effective alternative solution on the one hand and as a form of achieving drug-free villages. (Shine) on the other side.

Adolescents Externalizing Problem of Substance Use and the Reasons Behind

This paper mainly discusses the externalizing problem of adolescence, specifically the problem of substance use. Based on the research done to study adolescent psychology, the problems that occur during adolescence are mainly distinguished into two categories: the externalizing problem and the internalizing problem. Externalizing problems refers to problems that influence the external world. While internalizing problems refers to the problems that influence the internal world of the adolescent. Substance use is one of the most common externalizing problems occurring during adolescence. It is defined as the use of materials that can alter your mood and cognition, which are often addictive. For instance, substance use includes using drug, alcohol and smoke. The data and studies in this paper are all adopted from other researchers or organizations, focusing on adolescents ageing between 10 to 18. This paper indicates that there is a high rate of substance use all across the world and substance use is mainly carried out in four types, including experimental substance use, social substance use, medicinal substance use, and addictive substance use. And the causes of substance use can be distinguished into two types, including socialization causes and individual causes. For socialization costs, this paper includes explanations of how family relationships, family structure, parental teaching, friend influence, and others influence the substance use rate of teenagers and adolescents. And for individual causes, this essay analyzes how low impulse control, gender, personality and optimism influence the rate of substance use among adolescents.

Adolescents’ self-reported health status, behaviours and health issues addressed during routine school doctor consultations in Switzerland: an observational study

We aimed to investigate the self-reported health status and behaviours of 7th-grade adolescents, associations with gender and educational track, as well as health issues addressed during routine school doctor consultations in Switzerland. Data on health status and behaviours, specifically general well-being, stimulant and addictive substance use, bullying/violence, exercise, nutrition and health protection, and puberty/sexuality, were drawn from routinely collected self-assessment questionnaires from 1076 (of a total of 1126) students from 14 schools in the Swiss canton of Zug in 2020. Data on health issues addressed in school doctor consultations were collected by nine school doctors (for 595 individual consultations). Multilevel logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association of gender and educational track with unfavourable health status or behaviours. Although 92% (n = 989) of the students reported being happy or satisfied overall, 21% (n = 215) often or almost always felt sad, and 5-10% had repeatedly been seriously physically hurt (n = 67), sexually harassed with words (n = 88) or experienced uncomfortable physical contact (n = 60). Female gender and a lower educational track were associated with unfavourable health status. In 90% (n = 533) of the school doctor consultations, at least one topic of disease prevention or health promotion was addressed, whereby the topics addressed depended strongly on the individual school doctors. Our findings revealed that unfavourable health status and behaviours were prevalent among adolescents but the health topics addressed in school doctor consultations were not tailored to students' self-reported health issues. A school-based approach that strengthens adolescents' health literacy and provides opportunities for patient-centred counselling has the potential to improve the current and future health of adolescents and, ultimately, adults. To realise this potential, it is essential for school doctors to be sensitised and trained to address students' health concerns. Emphasis should be placed on the importance of patient-centred counselling, the high prevalence of bullying, and gender and educational differences.

The Craving-Manager smartphone app designed to diagnose substance use/addictive disorders, and manage craving and individual predictors of relapse: a study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

The rate of individuals with addiction who are currently treated are low, and this can be explained by barriers such as stigma, desire to cope alone, and difficulty to access treatment. These barriers could be overcome by mobile technologies. EMI (Ecological Momentary Intervention) is a treatment procedure characterized by the delivery of interventions (messages on smartphones) to people in their daily lives. EMI presents opportunities for treatments to be available to people during times and in situations when they are most needed. Craving is a strong predictor of relapse and a key target for addiction treatment. Studies using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) method have revealed that, in daily life, person-specific cues could precipitate craving, that in turn, is associated with a higher probability to report substance use and relapse in the following hours. Assessment and management of these specific situations in daily life could help to decrease addictive use and avoid relapse. The Craving-Manager smartphone app has been designed to diagnose addictive disorders, and assess and manage craving as well as individual predictors of use/relapse. It delivers specific and individualized interventions (counseling messages) composed of evidence-based addiction treatments approaches (cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness). The Craving-Manager app can be used for any addiction (substance or behavior). The objective of this protocol is to evaluate the efficacy of the Craving-Manager app in decreasing use (of primary substance(s)/addictive behavior(s)) over 4 weeks, among individuals on a waiting list for outpatient addiction treatment. This multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) will compare two parallel groups: experimental group (full interventional version of the app, 4 weeks, EMA + EMI), versus control group (restricted version of the app, 4 weeks, only EMA). Two hundred and seventy-four participants will be recruited in 6 addiction treatment centers in France. This RCT will provide indication on how the Craving-Manager app will reduce addictive use (e.g., better craving management, better stimulus control) in both substance and behavioral addictions. If its efficacy is confirmed, the app could offer the possibility of an easy to use and personalized intervention accessible to the greatest number of individuals with addiction. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04732676.

Rapid ultrasensitive detection of methamphetamine based on the FRET mechanism between apta-nanobiosensor based on CdTe/ZnS quantum dots and DNA-conjugated Cy3 fluorophore: Forensic biological fluids

A novel Apta- nano biosensor (ANB) based on CdTe/ZnS QDs were designed and applied for ultrasensitive determination of methamphetamine (MA) as one most addictive psychoactive substance at 1 min. Different steps of ANB formation and MA detection were reported by fluorescence spectra. In short, in the first step, the water-soluble ANB was prepared by the ligand-exchange method using the replacement of thioglycolic acid (TGA) and glutathione (GSH) molecules at the surface of QDs with thiolated MA aptamer. This phenomenon increases QDs' fluorescence intensity. In the second step, the optimal amount of DNA-conjugated Cy3 fluorophore was gradually added to obtain the mixture. Based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism, energy transfer from QDs to Cy3 fluorophore led to the quenching of QDs and turning on the fluorophore. Finally, by titrating different amounts of MA into this system, the thiolated labeled aptamer tends to attach to the target (MA). The Cy3 fluorophore is separated from the QD surface, which leads to the quenching of QDs and fluorophore. This quenching of the ANB could be performed based on a kind of photo-induced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. The detection limit of MA is 4.15 ± 1.08 × 10−12 mol L−1 with a dynamic range from 1.38 ± 0.75 × 10−11 to 99.98 ± 1.03 × 10−8 mol L−1. ANB was applied to determining MA in forensic biological fluids and the obtained results were evaluated with LC-MS-MS with satisfactory results.

Susceptibility to arecoline in male C57BL/6 J mice correlates with age factor

Epidemiological investigations and clinical studies have confirmed that human chewing of betel nut is an addictive behavior, and the proportion of teenagers chewing betel nut is increasing. Previous studies have shown that adolescence shows higher sensitivity to many addictive substances compared with adulthood, and that adult susceptibility to addictive substances is usually changed after exposure to addictive substances during adolescence. However, there are no reports of age-related animal experiments on betel nut or dependence to its active ingredients. Therefore, the two-bottle choice (TBC) (experiment 1 and 2) and conditioned place preference (CPP) (experiment 3 and 4) models with mice were used in this study to explore age-related differences in intake and preference of arecoline, the alkaloid in betel nut with highest content, and to explore the effect of arecoline exposure during adolescence on the re-exposure of arecoline in adulthood in mice. The results of experiment 1 showed that the intake of 80 μg/ml arecoline in adolescent mice was significantly higher than that in adult mice. However, there was no significant difference between adult and adolescent mice in preference for arecoline at any tested concentration (5–80 μg/ml), which may be due to the significantly higher intake of total fluid in adolescent mice compared to adult mice. The preference of arecoline in adolescent mice peaked at 20 μg/ml, and in adult mice peaked at 40 μg/ml. The results of experiment 2 showed that oral arecoline (5–80 μg/ml) in mice during adolescence caused a significant increase in the intake (days 3–16) and preference (days 5–8) for 40 μg/ml arecoline in adulthood. The results of experiment 3 showed that the doses of 0.03 or 0.1 mg/kg of arecoline produced the highest CPP response in adolescent or adult mice, respectively. The results of experiment 4 showed that mice exposed to arecoline in adolescence had significantly increased the CPP scores induced by arecoline in adulthood compared to mice that were not exposed. These data suggested that adolescent mice were more sensitive to arecoline, and exposure of mice to arecoline during adolescence increased the susceptibility to arecoline in adulthood.

Nicotine destructs dental stem cell-based periodontal tissue regeneration

Background/purposeNicotine is a widely known addictive and toxic substance in cigarette that exacerbates periodontitis. However, its deleterious effects on dental stem cells and subsequent implications in tissue regeneration remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of nicotine on the regenerative capacity of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) based on transcriptomics and proteomics, and determined possible targeted genes associated with smoking-related periodontitis. Materials and methodshPDLSCs were treated with different concentrations of nicotine ranging from 10−3 to 10−8 M. Transcriptomics and proteomics were performed and confirmed employing Western blot, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. A ligature-induced periodontitis mouse model was established and administrated with nicotine (16.2 μg/10 μL) via gingival sulcus. The bone resorption was assessed by micro-computed tomography and histological staining. Key genes were identified using multi-omics analysis with verifications in hPDLSCs and human periodontal tissues. ResultsBased on enrichments analysis, nicotine-treated hPDLSCs exhibited decreased proliferation and differentiation abilities. Local administration of nicotine in mouse model significantly aggravated bone resorption and undermined periodontal tissue regeneration by inhibiting the endogenous dental stem cells regenerative ability. HMGCS1, GPNMB, and CHRNA7 were hub-genes according to the network analysis and corelated with proliferation and differentiation capabilities, which were also verified in both cells and tissues. ConclusionOur study investigated the destructive effects of nicotine on the regeneration of periodontal tissues from aspects of in vitro and in vivo with the supporting information from both transcriptome and proteome, providing novel targets into the molecular mechanisms of smoking-related periodontitis.

Nicotine exposure exacerbates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis via STAT3-BDNF-TrkB-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in alveolar type II cells.

The addictive substance nicotine, found in cigarettes and some e-cigarettes, plays a vital role in pro-inflammatory and fibrotic processes. However, the part played by nicotine in the progression of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis is poorly understood. We used mice exposed to both silica and nicotine to investigate whether nicotine synergizes with silica particles to worsen lung fibrosis. The results revealed that nicotine accelerated the development of pulmonary fibrosis in silica-injured mice by activating STAT3-BDNF-TrkB signalling. Mice with a history of exposure to nicotine showed an increase in Fgf7 expression and alveolar type II cell proliferation if they were also exposed to silica. However, newborn AT2 cells could not regenerate the alveolar structure and release pro-fibrotic factor IL-33. Moreover, activated TrkB induced the expression of p-AKT, which promotes the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transcription factor Twist, but no Snail. In vitro assessment confirmed activation of the STAT3-BDNF-TrkB pathway in AT2 cells, exposed to nicotine plus silica. In addition, TrkB inhibitor K252a downregulated p-TrkB and the downstream p-AKT and restricted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition caused by nicotine plus silica. In conclusion, nicotine activates the STAT3-BDNF-TrkB pathway, which promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and exacerbates pulmonary fibrosis in mice with combined exposure to silica particles and nicotine.

Edukasi Sosialisasi Mengenai Jenis,Bahaya, dan Dampak Penyalahgunaan Narkoba Pada Remaja di Desa Tengkudak

The younger generation is said to be the backbone of the country and the future of the nation is said to be in the hands of the younger generation. The large number of adolescent populations resulted in the emergence of juvenile delinquency problems. Adolescence is a period of transition, which is a phase of development between childhood and adulthood. The main problem of adolescents in general is the search for identity. They have an identity crisis. This is a problem for every teenager. Therefore, they often have the urge to present themselves as a separate group. However, this encouragement often leads teenagers to serious problems, one of which is drug use. Drugs or narcotics is an abbreviation of Narcotics, Alcohol, Psychotropics and Addictive Substances. Narcotics are a group of psychoactive substances/drugs that are widely used and needed for healing efforts and health services as well as for the development of science. Today many cases of drug abuse are found, one group of people who are prone to being exposed to drug abuse are those in the age range of 15-35 years or the millennial generation. Because drug cases are always increasing every day, education or outreach about the dangers of drugs must always be carried out, especially among adolescents who are vulnerable to trying illegal drugs. In implementing the community service program, which is assisting the government by providing education to the younger generation with the theme "Socialization of Recognizing the Types, Dangers, and Impacts of Drug Abuse in Youth in Tengkudak Village" it is hoped that this will help educate the younger generation so they don't fall prey to drug abuse. Keywords: Drugs, Education, abuse

Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme (Stp) on Knowledge Regarding Cigarette Smoking and Its Selected Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders among College Students

Tobacco is an agricultural product derived from the leaves of several species of Nicotina Plants. When combined with nicotina tartrate, tobacco becomes one of the most commonly abused recreational drugs. Nicotine, a naturally occurring stimulant in tobacco, can be poisonous if taken in sufficiently high doses, which is not the amount of nicotine absorbed by tobacco use. Nicotine is an addictive substance that makes the use feel alert at first, then relaxed with continued use. Harmful health effects of smoking cigarettes are numerous. Dangers of smoking are well-known and can have serious detrimental effect on the quality of your life besides diseases. Teenagers are attracted by the smoke and the smoking style, which tempts them to smoke. Friends and colleagues also encourage non-smokers, to smoke just once. Among young people, the short-term health consequences of smoking include respiratory and non-respiratory effects. The results showed that the overall knowledge score before and after structured teaching programme it gives the clear picture of the pretest and posttest mean and standard deviation. It shows that Pre test mean is 18.20 and standard deviation is 17.49 whereas Post test mean is 33.28 and standard deviation is 16.40 at 0.05 levels of significance. Result shows the value of paired t- test which is 36.12 at 0.05 levels of Significance. This indicates that the structured teaching programme was effective in increasing the knowledge on cigarette smoking and its selected comorbid psychiatric disorders among college students.

Development of Student Worksheet with an Ethnoscience Approach to Wati Plants Through Liveworksheet Applications

This study aims to develop the student worksheet on Addictive Substances material with the Wati Plant ethnoscience approach through the Liveworksheet application that is feasible in terms of validity and practicality. This type of research is R&amp;D research using the ADDIE model, namely: Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. However, this research is limited to the third stage, namely the Development stage. The research subjects were one material expert, one media expert, one practitioner, and ten students of the Chemistry Education Department, Musamus University. The instruments used in data collection were interview guidelines and questionnaires. The results showed that the student worksheet on Addictive Substances material with the Wati Plant ethnoscience approach through the Liveworksheet application got a percentage of 94% at the 6th meeting and 97% at the 7th meeting from material experts, 95% at meetings 6 and 7 from media experts, 84% at the 6th meeting and 86% at the 7th meeting of practitioner responses and 90% at the 6th meeting and 88% at the 7th meeting of student responses. Based on the results of these studies, it can be concluded that the student worksheet on Addictive Substances material with the Wati Plant ethnoscience approach through the Liveworksheet application is feasible in terms of validity and practicality aspects

Betel Nut Consumption and the Reasons for Its Rise among Chinese Migrant Workers

Background: In China, betel nut users were initially concentrated in specific regions and ethnic groups. However, in recent years, public health concerns have been raised because betel nuts, addictive substances, have become largely used by Chinese migrant workers. Methods: This study adopts an anthropological fieldwork research methodology to investigate the rise in betel nut consumption among Chinese migrant workers. We observe the everyday lives of migrant workers in the rural-urban area of Wuhan. We use in-depth interviews to understand their psychology and behaviors toward betel nut consumption. Discussion: The study’s results indicate that the observed increase in betel nut consumption among migrant workers is not only the result of the spread of betel nuts across regions and groups, but more importantly, it is related to the working and living conditions, social interaction, consumption culture, and masculinity image of migrant workers. The consumption of betel nuts reflects the political-economic structure and socio-cultural background to which Chinese migrant workers belong. Conclusion: The increasing consumption of betel nuts is a social issue that requires thorough research and government engagement. We contend that anthropology research may help identify the social mechanisms incentivizing betel nut consumption and solve the related public health issues among Chinese migrant workers from public policy and social governance perspectives.

JUVENILE JUSTICE IN INDIA – THE CHANGING FACE OF CRIMES BY YOUTH

Drug misuse and juvenile delinquency share overlapping aetiologies that are complex and multifaceted and include parental, social, psychological, environmental, and economic aspects. Initiation, maintenance, and even escalation of drug use and criminal behaviour in an individual are heavily influenced by social factors like culture, neighbourhood, and family. Juvenile delinquency can be influenced and sustained by factors such as family structure and functioning, broken homes, absent or unsatisfactory interpersonal relationships, unbalanced parenting, lack of guidance, economic instability, substance abuse or addiction in the family or among peers, access to addictive substances, exposure to physical, sexual, emotional abuse or trauma violence, and peer pressure. Psychological factors that can result in drug use and criminal behaviour include high stress, personality traits like high impulsivity or sensation seeking, depression, and anxiety. People who develop substance use disorders have excessive dependencies, which may initially be reinforced because they lower stress and lift spirits. The belief that drugs can provide solace and help lift one above all misery, which underlies continued drug use, is associated with this reduction. There has also been evidence of an association between early violent behaviour, impulsivity, and problems with concentration or attention.

Abstract 1437: E-cigarette vape promotes cell cycle progression and inflammation in 3D pre-clinical oral spheroid models

Abstract E-cigarettes have become a popular alternative to conventional cigarettes among middle and high school students. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDs) vaporize a liquid into an aerosol that is inhaled by the user. Although they do not burn tobacco, e-cigarettes contain potential carcinogens as well as nicotine, a highly addictive substance. E-cigarette exposure has been reported to promote inflammation. Furthermore, our prior research indicates that e-cigarette aerosol dysregulates the oral microbiome by suppressing commensal bacteria and promoting the biofilm formation of cariogenic pathogens, which induces oral inflammation. With the recent rise in e-cigarette usage, it is important to investigate the carcinogenic risks of these devices. In this study, we use oral epithelial spheroids as a 3D pre-clinical model to assess the effect of e-cigarette vape on cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, and inflammation. Oral epithelial cells were directly (air-liquid interface) or indirectly (pre-exposed media) exposed to nicotine-free vape, nicotine-rich (3 mg) vape, or no vape. Indirect exposure with 6 puffs resulted in the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα and IL-8 by RT-PCR. TNFα is reportedly overexpressed in oral cancer while IL-8 is has been shown to be induced in oral pre-cancers and associated with progression. Indirect exposure of vape also promoted greater cell viability in spheroids as shown by the CellTiter assay, indicating that the vape enhanced proliferation and cell cycle progression. Assessment of sphere diameter before repeated exposures showed an increase over the course of treatment. More so, repeated indirect exposure with 12 puffs of vape compared to 6 puffs resulted in increased sphere diameters over time after exposure with both, nicotine-free or nicotine-rich vape, indicating a dose-dependent effect of the vape on cell proliferation. Survival and proliferation pathways such as pAKT and pERK were assessed by Western Blotting, identifying that indirect exposure does not show a significant difference in the expression of those proteins. We are currently evaluating signaling pathway activation after repeated direct exposures as well as cell cycle progression using FLOW cytometry. Additional markers of cell proliferation and stemness are being interrogated for their role in the observed increased cell proliferation. This study has demonstrated the effect of e-cigarette aerosol on inflammation and cell proliferation. As the risks of e-cigarette become clearer with the emergence of future studies, it is important to inform the public, especially young people, about the impact on oral health and implement policies to mitigate the recent surge in e-cigarette usage. Citation Format: Jasmine Almeda, Vikram Chinnaiyan, Claudia Andl. E-cigarette vape promotes cell cycle progression and inflammation in 3D pre-clinical oral spheroid models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1437.

Restless Leg Syndrome and Impulse-Control Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease: Observational study

Background: Impulse-control disorders and related behaviors (ICD-RB) and restless leg syndrome (RLS) are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, but their relationship and independence from dopaminergic therapy are not well understood. This study aims to determine the correlation between ICD-RBs and RLS and the significant psycho-behavioral profile of RLS patients in the presence of ICD-RBs.Methods: The study screened PD patients visiting a neurology outpatient department for addictive behaviors, alcohol and substance abuse, and ICDs using the QUIP questionnaire. RLS was diagnosed based on the criteria set by the International RLS study group. The cohort was divided into groups based on the presence of ICDs and RLS.Results: 48.6% of the 72 PD patients in the study displayed at least one Impulse Control Disorder-Related Behavior (ICD-RB), with 57.1% showing compulsive medication use, 17.1% showing compulsive eating, 11.4% showing compulsive buying, 11.4% displaying gambling disorder, and 2.8% displaying hypersexuality. In addition, 26.3% of patients in the cohort had Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), with 68.4% of these patients displaying at least one ICD-RB. Among patients with RLS and ICD-RBs, gambling was the most commonly observed behavior, displayed by 30.7% of patients, while 36.8% displayed co-occurring compulsive eating. Only one patient showed more than one ICD-RB, which included both gambling and compulsive medication use.Conclusion: The study concludes that 11% of PD patients can have co-occurrence of RLS and ICD-RBs, and this behavioral profile may be due to circadian fluctuation in dopamine release in a hyper-dopaminergic state. Long-term dopaminergic treatment or degenerative processes may be the cause of both RLS and ICD-RBs in PD patients.

The manifestation of features of opioids and narcotics using by drug addicted people and the role of replacement pharmacotherapy in treatment and recovery of the patient

Aim of the research was to study and analyze the features of opioids and narcotics using by drug addicted people and the role of replacement drugs in treatment and recovery of the patient.&#x0D; Materials and methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies. Were used Systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses. The material of the article was data from the scientific literature, processed and analyzed by generalization and systematization. The scientific research ensues the fundamentals of assessment development of significant reviews. The ensuing databases were used: (for searching considerable literature to study and analyze the features of opioids and narcotics using by drug addiction people and the role of replacement drugs in treatment and recovery of the patient) Pub Med, Web of Science, Clinical key, Tomson Routers, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Elsevier bases. Additionally studied national and internationals policy and guidelines and also grey literature.&#x0D; Results: Addiction is well known to be associated with its high level of physical and mental disorders. Most chronic chemical dependencies of drug addiction are also associated with its very high mortality rates, estimated to be several times those of the non-clinical population. Since addictive substances are known to disrupt cell growth and cell division, it can be assumed, that they particularly affect dividing cells, such as stem cell pools and progenitor cells. It is also known, that they either individually or in combination potentiate apoptosis, i.e., contribute to this effect. The medicine of aging in recent times has become an independent scientific discipline. The cellular aging hypothesis suggests the aging phenotype. The organism is associated with cellular correlates of age associated changes including cell loss, reduced cell velocity, renewal and more aging, negligible functional and non-replicating cells in tissues. So, the anti-growth effects of drug addiction can reasonably occur throughout the body. Expect signs of accelerated aging to be evident. One would expect such a putative progeroid effect to occur subject to increased morbidity and mortality rates, clinically observed almost identically in drug addicts as is the case in the geriatric population. In this connection there are various changes, consideration of all clinical aspects’ expression of this general toxicology hypothesis of opioids is needed.&#x0D; Conclusion: Pharmacological management of drug use should be only one component of treatment for drug needs, tailored to a comprehensive needs assessment of the child or young person, carried out in conjunction with appropriate psychological therapy and mental health interventions, and in the context of a clear and applied approach to the clinical management system. Caution is required when leaving these establishments due to the risk of overdose and in the transition to adult services. Physicians should carefully consider the degree of dependence on any substance, especially when alcohol and other substances, such as opiates, are used together. The full implementation of treatment, rehabilitation and harm reduction services will reduce the negative health, social and economic consequences of drug use for individuals, communities and society as a whole. The number of drug users will increase, those involved in counseling, treatment, rehabilitation and harm reduction programs

HEDONISM REFLECTED ON CELEBRITIES INSTAGRAM (CELEBGRAM) ACCOUNT

This study aims to investigate the indicators of hedonism and the most dominant hedonistic orientation reflected on celebrities' accounts. This study uses the accounts of four well-known Indonesian celebrities as research samples. The results of this study were analyzed using the semiotic theory of Roland Barthes. The results showed that there were eleven hedonism indicators reflected by celebrities on their Instagram accounts, namely self-expression, hobby, addictive substance, physical beauty, fashionable appearance, education, achievement, work, social activity, relationship, comedy and religiosity. From these indicators, it is known that universal hedonism and egoistic hedonism are the most dominant hedonistic orientations on celebrities' accounts.