Knowledge reuse is crucial to organizational life and growth. As organizations strive to transfer and reuse knowledge across time and space, they have to deal with two opposing forces: while the advantages of replication push for reproducing exactly tangible and intangible assets, capabilities and resources that embed organizational knowledge, exogenous changes impose forms of adaptation of those assets, capabilities and resources to changing external conditions. This qualitative study analyzes two large firms that have been dealing with replication and adaptation for decades relatively to the provision of ICT products and services. The research relied on qualitative data collected and analyzed reiteratively through constant comparison methods at multiple levels (firm, unit, product, and project) over a time span of three years (2007-2010). Findings show that both firms treat replication and adaptation as mutually reinforcing and complementary rather than opposed and contradictory. To do so, they build and maintain complex systems of interdependent knowledge assets that are replicated and adapted selectively, depending on the characteristics of the underlying knowledge. The new concept of ?adaptive replication? is then introduced to explain the close interplay between replication and adaptation of knowledge.