Actual Stage Research Articles

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AS AN EARLY DIAGNOSTIC TOOL IN COVID-19 PATIENTS: A RELIABLE ALTERNATIVE DURING THE PANDEMIC?

COVID-19 pandemic is a global healthcare crisis with unprecedented responses and unpredictable outcomes. An important cause of hospital burden and physician burnout around the world, it acted as a catalyst for accelerated digitalization, including Artificial Intelligence. As far as diagnosis is concerned, RT-PCR represents the gold standard, but has multiple flaws, the most important of them consisting of the current validity of the investigation. A controversial alternative might be chest Computed Tomography, especially in highly affected areas, and a high number of software algorithms have been designed in order to assist this process. The purpose of this review is to present the actual stage of Artificial Intelligence development in medical imaging, by highlighting the reliability of using computers for COVID-19 pneumonia detection on chest CT. At the same time, we aim to provide insights and deduct conclusions on how the current challenges in the field can be overcome and how expectations could be calibrated in order to advance diagnostic strategies with the purpose of fighting a healthcare crisis.

A study on the design of a practical arts laboratory for elementary level technology education in Korea

This study was conducted to confirm the specifications of the laboratory and the list of practice tools for technology education in elementary schools in Korea. For effective technology education, standardized laboratory specifications and a list of practice tools are needed. However, there were no standardized laboratory specifications and a list of practice tools for elementary school students in Korea, so there were many difficulties in practicing related to technology education at the elementary level. In particular, elementary-level technology education is combined with home economic and agricultural education within the subject of practical art subjects in Korea. Therefore, the laboratory should have a complex function so that it is not only for technology education but also to enable practice in other fields. The name of the lab is “The Practical Arts Laboratory” in elementary schools in Korea. The study design and method to achieve the study purpose are as follows. First, in the theoretical analysis stage, the concept of the laboratory and considerations for designing the laboratory were confirmed through the review of previous studies. Next, a list of practice tools was derived using the big data analysis method. Then, in the actual design stage, the practical arts laboratory was designed and an expert feasibility study was conducted. The results of the study are as follows. First, the minimum area of the practical arts laboratory is 13,600mm×12,450mm, which is twice the size of a general classroom. In addition to the practical arts laboratory, a preparation room for storing practice tools is also required. The minimum area of the preparation room is 12,450mm×3,500mm, which is 1/4 the size of practical arts laboratory. Second, the practice table in the practical arts laboratory was designed as a comprehensive practice table that allows various types of practice, and the area was designed to be 600mm×1,200mm in consideration of the Korean work area. Third, the number of practice tables was set to six considering the size of the practical arts laboratory and the number of people per class in elementary schools in Korea. As of 2018, the number of people per class at an elementary school in Korea was 23.1, so four people were set to use one practice table. Practice is a key element in technology education. Thus, it will be said that the practical arts laboratory plays a very important role in Korea’s elementary level technology education as an environmental background that makes the practice effective. For this reason, the standard specifications of the practical arts laboratory and the list of practice tools presented in this study are expected to contribute to the development of elementary-level technology education in Korea. Also, our results can be a reference for other countries in the world that have a similar situation to Korea.

The funerary practices from the end of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age in the south-west of Romania and the relations with the south of Danube

The socio-anthropological approach to the funerary practices proves a tight connection between the religious beliefs and the funerary practices. However, it is hard to be evidenced only through the funerary discoveries most of the time. The study of the funerary space structure reveals several possibilities for interpretation, provided the necropolises are researched thoroughly. In the analysis made on the funerary practices, there are often used notions, such as that of a social person, understood as a variety of situations (age, social rank, gender etc.), or social energy consumed during the development of a funerary practice. In this manner only, hypotheses can be issued regarding the social structure if it considers that the funerary space can also be seen as a confirmation of the social identity. The funerary practices can “codify” information related both to the social structure and ideology, thus to the collective mentality of those communities. Different attempts have been made to sketch the religion of the prehistoric communities, using the funerary discoveries for this purpose. To the north of the Danube, in the south-western side of Romania, the funerary practices used to be characteristic for the end of the Bronze Age, which implied the cremation of the dead and the depositing of the remains into a pottery vessel that played the role of an urn. This was buried along with one or more adjacent vessels and sometimes clay statuettes. Among the archaeological discoveries available in the actual stage of the researches, the Gârla Mare type is evidenced, which belongs to the wider area of the incrusted ceramics groups situated on one side and another on the middle inferior course of the Danube. Most of them come from the necropolises of cremation in an urn, being known only a few discoveries of settlements. At the beginning of the Iron Age, a different funerary practice can be noticed, i.e., the building of tumuli and the depositing of the offerings in vessels, on the bottom of them. The disappearance of the plane necropolises, starting with the 12th century BCE and the appearance, in the same period, of the tumular constructions because of the richness or the quantity of the social energy invested in them suggest the appearance of new forms of collective representation, a change in the collective mentality. Furthermore, as a tendency to affirm the social identity, the funerary tumulus can be pointed out.

Modeling of a dual-wavelength fiber amplification system for further mid-infrared generation

A dual-wavelength, two-stage Yb-doped fiber amplification system is theoretically studied for further mid-infrared generation. In this amplification system, two sections of double-clad single-mode Yb-doped fiber are used as the gain medium, and the spectrum in the wavelength range 1000–1120 nm is simulated. For the simulation of the preamplification stage, a 975 nm diode laser with a power of 6.5 W is used to pump the preamplification stage by the counter-pumping scheme, and the measured dual-wavelength seed spectra are used. For the main amplification stage simulation, the gain fiber length is 1.7 m, and a 975 nm, 7.5 W diode laser is used as the pump source. Results show that for the two-stage amplification process, the maximum value of the dual-wavelength power product can be obtained in the main amplification stage with a 1.7 m gain fiber when the 2.2 m Yb-doped fiber is selected for the preamplification stage with the counter-pumping scheme. Under the above condition, the total average power of the seed signal after amplification is calculated to be 3.2 W, with negligible ASE noise. In addition, we have compared the theoretically calculated spectral results with the experimental results of the actual main amplification stage.

An Unsupervised Clustering Method for Selection of the Fracturing Stage Design Based on the Gaussian Mixture Model

In order to further improve the efficiency and economic benefits of multi-stage fracturing of unconventional oil and gas horizontal wells, it is urgently needed to conduct comprehensive reservoir quality evaluation research on the whole horizontal well section. Firstly, based on logging data, focusing on reservoir quality and completion quality, and comprehensively considering key factors such as reservoir physical property indexes and fracability indexes, a subjective and objective coupled evaluation model of the entropy weight method (EWM) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) without bias is established to obtain the composite reservoir quality index. Then, unsupervised gaussian mixture model (GMM) clustering algorithms are used to classify the reservoir comprehensive quality index and finally four grades of fracturing stages are established. Taking shale oil well A and B of the Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin, as examples, the comprehensive reservoir quality evaluation and clustering model training, testing, and prediction were carried out. By comparing the clustering results with the actual fracturing stages and oil production, it is found that the evaluation results obtained by the GMM clustering algorithms based on the coupled evaluation model of EWM and AHP can identify the good fracturing grades. The algorithm can also predict the fracturing grades of other wells in the same block. It proves the accuracy of the method proposed in this paper and provides a favorable technical basis for determining the placement of multi-cluster fracturing perforation.

Liver cirrhosis: Still an elusive risk factor in the current EuroSCORE system.

Liver cirrhosis increases the risk of death in patients having cardiac surgery, and the risk is markedly dependent on the actual stage. The EuroSCORE II, however, does not specifically address the risk of death of patients with liver cirrhosis. We investigated the predictive power of EuroSCORE II in patients with liver cirrhosis. Between 2000 and 2020, a total of 218 patients with liver cirrhosis underwent cardiac surgery. To improve the predictive value of the EuroSCORE II, we calculated additional β-coefficients to include liver cirrhosis in the EuroSCORE IIb. The control group included 5,764 patients without liver cirrhosis from the same period. Of the 5,764 patients without cirrhosis, 8.9% died early. Of those with cirrhosis, 8.9% of 146 patients with Child A stage, 52.9% of 51 patients with Child B stage and 100% of 21 patients with Child C stage died. Moreover, the EuroSCORE II showed a poor predictive value for patients in Child B and C stages. The resulting values of calculated β using the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic and bootstrapping for Child stages as predictors of mortality were as follows: βA = 0.1640205, βB= 2.9911625 and βC= 6.2501248. By calculating the updated EuroSCORE IIb and regenerating the receiver operating characteristic curves, we were able to demonstrate an improvement in area under the curve values. Postoperative complications, need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or intra-aortic balloon pump implants, intensive care unit stays and hospital stays were significantly higher in cirrhotic patients with cirrhosis compared with patients without cirrhosis. The most common cause of liver cirrhosis was alcohol abuse (55.5%). Although patients with liver cirrhosis represent only a small proportion of cardiac surgical cases, the poor outcomes are particularly relevant in patients with advanced stages of the disease. Our study results show that Child class A patients show outcomes similar to those of patients without liver disease whereas Child class C patients appear to be nearly inoperable, i.e. can only be operated on with exceptional risks. Including these patients in the EuroSCORE II calculation would thus represent an improvement in preoperative mortality risk assessment.

Uncertainty modeling method of weather elements based on deep learning for robust solar energy generation of building

During the actual use stage, the uncertainty of weather leads to errors between the performance of building energy and the simulated values. Usually, uncertainty of weather cannot be eliminated, and difficult to quantify accurately due to complex occurrence rules. Based on the influence of weather uncertainty on solar power generation, this research propose a highly reliable and high-efficiency uncertainty modeling method based on two neural networks: (i) dual-stage attention-based recurrent neural network(DARNN): due to the use of two-stage attention mechanism, as the method to achieve importance interpretability in this study. (ii) Bayesian recurrent neural network(Bayesian RNN): regard the weight and bias value as an unknown distribution, as the method of uncertainty modeling in this study. DARNN analyzes the weight value of each weather element at each time point as the importance through a single learning, and the results show that the importance of solar radiation and relative humidity to solar power generation ranks in the top two. Based on the above results, Bayesian RNN establishes the probability distribution models of solar radiation and relative humidity at each time point of a year by learning the potential correlation between weather elements and taking the historical data of low importance weather elements as input.

Prototype of Mobile Meter Waveband Radar with Improved Functionality

Actual stage of meter waveband radar evolution is the design of mobile radar with improved surveillance functions, as well as signal generation and processing. Such radars measure coordinates of aircraft in 3D space with adaptive change of operation frequency, parameters of probing signal, and polarization. Except radiolocation tasks, such radars allow to carry out integral information processing, EM analysis, ELINT, as well as jamming and clutter canceling, and must have height mobility and secrecy properties. The achievement of these properties is possible due to the application of digital antenna arrays with digital solid-state Tx/Rx modules, modular construction of all radar subsystems, digital beamforming technology, adoptive algorithms of space-time, and statistical processing of received signals. The prototype of meter-wavelength band radar system with height effectivity and informativity of radiolocation receiving, with the capability of fast moving and deploying is review in this article. The proposed radar system allows to provide measuring coordinates of an aircraft in 3D space, large distance detection, tracking and targeting of all types of aircrafts (including stealth aircrafts), carry out integral processing of radiolocation information, ELINT, EM analysis, as well as jamming and clatter canceling.

Information system for ontological modelling the subject areas

Objectives. The creation of ontologies of subject areas is considered. The goal is to develop a mathematical model of ontology and the information system for ontological modeling. The task is to reduce the complexity of ontological modeling.Methods. As research methods, the theory of hybrid intelligence systems, the theory of sets, elements of mathematical logic, methods for developing the information systems, comparative analysis of information systems, informal analysis of information system were used.Results. Mathematical model of ontology using the concept of metaobject is developed. Ontological modelling based on this model involves specification, conceptualization and formalization. A glossary of terms is being built at the specification stage. At the conceptualization stage, objects in the subject area and their hierarchy are defined, and then connections between objects are identified. In the formalization stage, the metaobjects and the relationships between metaobjects that correspond to objects and the relationships between objects were defined. This is considered as the ontology of the subject area. During the actualization stage, the parameters of subject area objects and their values, classes, subclasses, and instances of classes were defined. Parameters, parameter values, classes, subclasses, and instances of classes are implemented in ontology as metaobjects of relative types. An information system with a unique architecture has been developed, namely a hybrid intelligence system for the automation of ontological modelling.Conclusion. The article conducts a comparative analysis of the developed information system with the systems used today for creation of ontologies. The analysis showed that the information system developed by paper author in most parameters is not inferior to considered systems and at the same time easier to use and expand. The mathematical model of ontology and the information system for ontological modeling of subject areas, developed by author, are tested in practical creation of ontology on ecology. On the basis of the conducted comparative analysis and informal analysis of practical use, it is concluded that ontological modeling with the help of the information system developed by author reduces the labor intensity and decreases the time of ontologies creation.

The innovative approach to work in specialized medical organization

In the context of restructuring of health care, activities of nursing staff should meet requirements demanded by patients and health care authorities to accessibility and quality of medical care, organization of work of personnel in medical organizations providing medical care to population. Actually, without optimizing of human, material and financial resources it is impossible to develop any sphere of human activity. At the actual stage of development of national health care, studies of issues related to organization, implementation and application of new organizational technologies improving efficiency of staff that can significantly improve quality of medical care are of special scientific and practical interest. The new model of medical personnel activity is presented that was organized by redistributing functional responsibilities of para and junior medical personnel in order to free up time for working directly with patients. According to results of photo-timekeeping, auxiliary and other activities were redistributed after organizational measures were taken and when photo-timekeeping was repeated, time of main activity increased. All this resulted in increase of patients satisfaction with quality of medical care in general.

The ancestry of the Rhenish Middle Siegenian brachiopod fauna in the Iberian Chains and its palaeozoogeography (Early Devonian)

At Nigüella (Eastern Iberian Chain), a spatially restricted brachiopod fauna is slightly older than the traditional Middle Siegenian. It is composed of taxa most of which invaded the Rhenohercynicum shortly later, when facies there changed from deltaic to shallow marine. Occurring in typically Rhenish lithofacies, the Nigüella fauna lacks the taxa that are most common in coeval faunas of lbero-Armorica, but its own taxa have earlier Ibero-­Armorican ancestors and origins, except Multispirifer cf. solitarius and Arbizustrophia n. sp. N. Hitherto, M. solitarius seemed to be an endemic of the Rhenohercynicum; Arbizustrophia was known from the Late Emsian of Asturias; the ancestors of both are unknown in Ibero-Armorica, which suggests viable zoogeographic connections with unknown further regions. Contrary to current opinions, in the late Silurian and early Early Devonian, Ibero-Armorica and Rhenohercynicum do have common taxa, and faunal differences are largely due to facies, especially deltaic facies in the Rhenohercynicum during 7 Ma of late Lochkovian and Pragian time. Effective oceanic faunal barriers lacked. Contradictory plate tectonic scenarios, which had been founded initially on defective faunistic concepts and supposed subduction of various broad oceans, are revised according to faunistic criteria and turn out to be unwarranted also in other aspects. The meanings of the traditional Siegenian substages are elucidated, whereas the actual standard stages cannot be applied to the interval concerned.

Hierarchical Operation Management of Electric Vehicles for Depots With PV On-Site Generation

Solar photovoltaic (PV) generation is a promising energy cost-saving selection for depots that use electric vehicles (EVs) to deliver goods; however, the intermittency of power output renders it challenging to realize reliable and economical operations. This paper proposes a two-stage hierarchical operation management method of EVs for depots with on-site PV generation. In the day-ahead stage, considering real road networks and battery swapping mode, a coordinated scheduling model of delivery service and charging/discharging for EVs is constructed to minimize the overall energy cost and logistics delivery cost by using the forecasted PV power output. Moreover, an effective solution approach based on the natural aggregation algorithm and Floyd algorithm is developed for the model. In the actual operation stage, a model prediction control (MPC)-based rolling horizon operation strategy is proposed to correct EVs’ charging/discharging decisions with the realization of real-time PV power output, aiming at to minimize the deviation in the actual and day-ahead scheduled interactive power between the depot and upper grid. Finally, simulations are conducted to validate the proposed methods.

A Study on the Influence of Chinese and Western Culture on Tian Han's Drama Creation Turn

Tian Han, a well-known name in Chinese history, is a unique and legendary great dramatist and poet. His outstanding achievements are closely related to his extraordinary artistic talent and personality, as well as his experience of joining the young chinese Society in his youth. His view of drama not only integrates the traditional Chinese opera idea, but also is influenced by western romanticism and realism. It can be said that in these two completely different cultural forms, Tian Han learned from others and was compatible with Chinese and Western cultures, forming a set of his own unique drama view and drama creation style. In terms of ideology, Tian Han was mainly influenced by the utopian socialism and democracy in the Institute, as well as by nationalism and reformism, and later turned to communism. The experience of the Young China Society fostered Tian Han's character of being true, honest and chivalrous. However, learning the loose organization and management, to a certain extent, Wang aggravated Tian Han's character of being independent of the organization and going his own way. Combine the innovative spirit of art with the actual stage expression to form its own unique aesthetic personality and artistic style.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ВОЗДУШНЫХ ЛИДАРОВ В ВЫСОКОТОЧНОЙ ГРАВИРАЗВЕДКЕ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ВОСТОЧНОГО ЗАБАЙКАЛЬЯ)

In the production of high-precision gravimetric studies at ore deposits, an important factor is the methodical correctness of the work, which directly affects the subsequent costs and life cycle of a geological exploration enterprise. It is known, that gravimetric survey, in addition to the actual stage of measurements on the ground, includes the stage of eliminating errors introduced into the measurements by external fields and objects, in particular, the terrain. Methods existing and adopted at the state level involve the use of materials from cartographic funds (topographic maps at a scale of 1:100,000 - 1:25,000 and larger). It is also allowed to use open (free) terrain models. These materials are distinguished by a common characteristic feature - the lack of detail in thedisplay of the microrelief and steep inclined surfaces (slopes, walls, faults, incisions). These elements have a significant effect on the field values, measured by gravimeters, especially when measurements, are taken at points located at a small distance from the specified forms. In addition, the existing methods do not involve calculations using digital elevation models built from initial data with a high density of elevations (with a step of a few meters or more). All this creates the prerequisites for an insufficiently complete consideration of corrections in gravimetric measurements. At the same time, the technical capabilities of modern aviation remote sensing equipment make it possible to quickly obtain a high-precision digital model of the terrain over large areas. The most accurate, versatile and promising technology in this respect is the method of airborne laser (lidar) scanning. In this paper, the authors consider a methodology for performing work using both airborne laser scanning of the relief and other types of data (topographic maps 1:25,000, open data models). As part of the research, calculations were also made of the final corrections for the influence of the terrain and a comparison of the results obtained with each other. With the help of mathematical modeling and cartographic algebra, matrices (grids) of design parameters were constructed. The results of the study are clearly demonstrated in diagrams and diagrams, substantiating and illustrating the high information content of the study

Dall’ Italia alla Polonia: Italienische Theater-Einflüsse in Polen in Mittelalter und Renaissance

The cultural links between Italy and Poland are among the most widely covered research topics. Yet the Middle Ages are often ignored. An aspect of Italian-Polish cultural links that deserves further investigation is the reception of Italian comedy within the frame of the new fifteenth-century poetics in Poland. Although there is no direct evidence of actual staging of Italian comedy, the comedy was used for educational purposes in the Academy of Kraków between the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

The organization of palliative medical care on the regional level

The article considers particular issues of current state of palliative care organization, including out-patient stage of its provision, as exemplified by the Saratov Oblast. At the actual stage of national health care system development, palliative care system faces wide range of tasks that require immediate solutions, including significant list of diseases that determine palliative status of patients and number of patients in need of corresponding care. According to various estimates, in Russia more than 1.2% of population need palliative care. Despite active progress of institutionalization of palliative care in Russia, adoption of regional programs of development of palliative care, there are a number of difficulties and unresolved problems, concerning organizational issues of palliative care service and its normative legal framework and various aspects of corresponding assistance (pain relief, use of narcotic and psychotropic drugs, communication, etc.). Among emergency problems of palliative care service are: lack of integration and interdepartmental interaction in palliative care provision; insufficient awareness of real need of population in palliative care; lack of qualified palliative care specialists; insufficient provision of medical equipment, medical products and medications; high demand for volunteer organizations participation; insufficient involvement of social workers in palliative care support of adults and children.

Надання правової допомоги у цивільному процесі в сучасних умовах електронізації та діджиталізації цивільних процесуальних правовідносин

In the scientific article studying problems of legal aid in civil process. In the civil process of Ukraine, the courts consider a very large number of cases. These are cases of lawsuit proceedings, and injunctive and separate cases. In some cases, in civil proceedings in the above-mentioned types of proceedings, there may be an appellate and cassation review of the case. It is also possible to review the case in newly discovered and exceptional circumstances according to the rules provided for in Article 423 of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine. In such cases, citizens of Ukraine or foreigners can use a wide range of different options of legal aid. Reflecting on modern types of legal aid in the civil process of Ukraine, it is worth noting that their classification largely depends on the type of specific case, the type of proceedings, and the stage of the court's consideration of the case. There is also much that depends on the status of the side of the case or other participant in the case to whom it can be provided. It should be recognized that due to the significant electronicization of civil proceedings, this has a great impact on the modification of the types and forms of legal assistance that can be provided in the civil process of Ukraine by the relevant subjects in civil procedural legal relations. Having studied the problem of providing legal aid in civil proceedings at the actual stage of the development of civil procedural legislation and the practice of its implementation in the civil justice of Ukraine, it is worth emphasizing that the above-mentioned type of legal aid as of October 2022 is important, in demand and socially useful. The quality of such assistance depends significantly on the level of qualification of persons who have the right in accordance with the current legislation of Ukraine to providing it. In this regard, remains very important the question of the need for quality training highly qualified legal personnel when they obtaining higher education in the sphere of law bachelor's and master's levels at the Higher Education Institution of Ukraine. So, when obtaining such an education, it is important to study by the students educational components about practical skills in drafting various procedural documents in civil cases (for example, claims, appeals and cassational complaints etc). This, significantly helps students to be more prepared for practical work in the future, including providing various types of legal assistance (aid) in cases civil procedural legal relations.

The Actual Operation of an Institution-University Collaboration Extracurricular Liberal Arts Program －Focusing on Local Community Problem-solving Living Lab Activities Cases

The purpose of this study aims to operate an extracurricular liberal arts program that combines (combines a Living Lab with what? An object is needed here), a “Living Lab” (a problem-solving innovation platform used worldwide), and to ensure the possibility of a university liberal arts curriculum in the form of collaboration with institutions and universities. In order to derive practical Living Lab cases, major institutions of the local society and universities linked together to highlight community issues and implemented a joint team activity involving local residents (from the village community), as well as college students (from Living Lab clubs) as the subjects for problem-solving. The local community collaboration Living Lab activity was judged to be a comprehensive competency activity that can evenly develop all the capabilities of the core competency indicators of college students, and at the same time as a comparative and cultural program that proved valuable as a means of collaboration with the local community.</br>The institution of the local community where the university is located has proposed a collaborative project between participating students and supervisors (mentoring) of the university in conducting a joint Living Lab project, with a local community of residents. The aim of this ambitious project was the re-promotion of areas in crisis through the collaboration with local communities in the hopes of making use of non-face-to-face IT technology that can help residents and students alike overcome the challenges presented by the COVID-19 situation, and ultimately create a driving force behind innovation. The university decided to participate in the project together with the purpose of fostering talents who can carry out “communication and convergence” that connects universities, students, residents, and institutions beyond generations and regions.</br>As mentioned earlier, Korea's Living Lab is currently in an early stage of development compared to that of Europe and other participating regions. But since there is no systematic theory or formalized method for implementing such Living Lab programs, formative research is needed using new attempts and examples rather than following proven theories and methods. In particular, in order to apply this project as a university extracurricular liberal arts program, efforts were made to establish of a more stable university Living Lab comparison program model before the actual operation stage and result verification stage were added through (a) the tangible design stage and (b) the course design stage. was put in.</br>In the event that this type of Living Lab extracurricular liberal arts program is conducted as a “content development type program through activities,” other types of cases such as a “policy proposal program through discussion” or a “mixed policy proposal and content development program” could be sufficiently expanded upon to create multiple educational effects. We aim to complete this program with follow-up studies, and by more closely designing the program and verifying its educational effects.

Signs of cheating: The editor’s thoughts

The paper addresses some ethical issues that prevent a number of research articles received by the English Studies at NBU editorial office of the Department of Foreign Languages and Cultures from passing initial editorial approval and from going on to the actual peer review stage. These problems include a large number of authors and false authorship, and plagiarism and self-plagiarism, including translation. These signs alert editors to possible ethical violations. The article will be useful for both young science editors and young researchers.

Optimization of the precision gear grinding operation based on integrated information system

In accordance with the principles of hierarchical management, a comprehensive two-level management system is presented for the development and manufacturing of products for the stages of pre-production (the upper level of the management hierarchy) and for the actual production stage (the lower level of the management hierarchy). At the stage of pre-production, the gear grinding oper-ation design on the “MAAG”type machines was carried out. For this purpose, a technique for optimizing the gear grinding parame-ters for a two dish-wheel rolling scheme has been developed, a mathematical optimization model containing an objective function with restrictions imposed on it has been created. The objective function is the gear grinding machine time, which depends on theoperation parameters (gear grinding stock allowance, cutting modes, grinding wheel specification, part material) and the design fea-tures of the gears beingground (module, diameter, number of teeth, radius of curvature of the involutes). The article showsthat at the stage of pre-production,the gear grinding optimizationis a method of operation design. At the stage of actual production, a closed-loop automatic control system with feedback on the deviation of the adjustable value (gear grinding power) automatically supports the numerical power values that were found at the operation design stage, taking into account ensuring defect-free high-performance gear grinding (minimum number of working strokes and maximum longitudinal feeds). At this stage, i.e. when a robust longitudinal feed automatic control system is operating, the optimization carried out at the previous stage (pre-production) sets the functioning algorithm for the adaptive systemwithcorresponding control algorithm. Thus, at the production stage (when the gear grinding ma-chine is running), the operation optimization is a control method. Therefore, it is shown that with two-level control, the gear grinding operation optimization performs a dual function. On the one hand, it is a design method (at the pre-production stage), and on the other –a management method (at the actual productionstage). With this approach, i.e. with the integration of production and its preparation based on a single two-level management, the efficiency of a single integrated design and production automation system is significantly higher due to general (unified)optimization, rather than partialone.