Actual Product Research Articles

Microwave drying method investigation for the process and kinetics of drying characteristics of high-grade rutile TiO2

Titanium dioxide has been extensively applied in aviation, cosmetics, the chemical industry, and coatings. Currently, the primary way to prepare high-grade rutile TiO2 is the chlorination method, which mainly uses ilmenite or titanium slag as raw material through the chlorination process and then reacts it in an oxidation furnace to prepare titanium powders. However, the TiO2 material produced by the liquid-phase method contains a large amount of water, which makes the equipment vulnerable to corrosion in the subsequent process. Meanwhile, the sharp temperature change will lead to the accumulation of water vapor, which may lead to explosion and severe agglomeration, resulting in high research costs and reduced product performance. Therefore, drying equipment with high drying efficiency, high product quality, and low carbon is urgently needed. This paper used microwave drying equipment to assist in drying rutile TiO2 powders. Results indicated that the microwave power, moisture content, and initial mass positively related to the drying rate. The drying process was simulated and analyzed using four common thin-layer kinetic models. A good agreement was that the Modified Page model was in good agreement with the actual drying process of TiO2. The effective diffusion coefficient was calculated. After calculation, the activation energy of microwave-drying TiO2 was 8.22 g/W. This article offers a kinetic theoretical basis and abundant data guidelines for actual products to reinforce the drying of high-grade TiO2 powders.

Effects of Cavity Thickness and Mold Surface Roughness on the Polymer Flow during Micro Injection Molding.

In micro injection molding, the cavity thickness and surface roughness are the main effects factors of polymer flow in the die designing and affect the quality of molded products significantly. In this study, the effects of cavity thickness and roughness of cavity surface were investigated mainly on polymer flow during molding and on the roughness of molded products. The parts were molded in the cavities with the thickness from 0.05 mm to 0.25 mm and surface roughness from Ra = 46.55 nm to Ra = 462.57 nm, respectively. The filling integrities and roughness replication ratio of molded parts were used to evaluate the statements of polymer flow and microstructure replication during micro injection molding, respectively. The results showed that the filling integrity changing trends in the thinner cavities were obviously different or even opposite to those in the thicker cavities with the changing of cavity surface roughness instead of single trend in the conventional studies. For each cavity surface roughness, the filling integrity showed an upward trend with the increasing cavity thickness. In different cavity thickness, the maximum gap of filling integrity was 23.76 mm, reaching 544.94% from 0.05 mm to 0.25 mm. Additionally, the surface roughness ratio was slightly smaller than one before, reaching the polymer surface roughness limit around Ra = 71.27 nm, which was decided by the nature of the polymer itself. This study proposed the references for the design and fabrication of mold cavities and parts, and saved time and cost in the actual product manufacturing.

The Hollow Die Design of Suspension Protective Type

Because semi-hollow aluminum profiles are quite common in practice and have a large market demand, these profiles are characterized by a long cantilever, large tongue ratio, high complexity of mold design, and mold problems that have been bothering enterprises. These profiles are characterized by the long cantilever, large tongue ratio, high complexity of mold design, and mold problems that always have troubled enterprises. In order to solve this kind of mold strength problem, the engineering and technical personnel at home and abroad have carried out extensive research and have also obtained some successful experience. For example, mature die structures include split extrusion die and inlaid extrusion die, but these structures have certain applicable objects and conditions in practical application and have certain limitations in structure. Therefore, it is necessary to propose new and effective high-strength dies. A new type of die was present. The new die structure was named covering and protection die. With a actual product, the determination of structure parameters that it included the arrangement of portholes and the structure design of the chamber and the selection of bearings were introduced in detail. The features of the new structure were simple and easy to be processed. The practice shows that the new die can extended the life, increase of efficiency and reduce cost. The high precision dimensions and good surface quality were obtained. The new die is worth promoting. The purpose is to provide reliable data and reference for further research and development of the structure of semi hollow aluminum profiles.

Quantified Products: Case Studies, Features and their Design Implications

In many industrial sectors, the current digitalization trend resulted in new products and services that exploit the potential of built-in sensors, actuators, and control systems. The business models related to these products and services usually are data-driven and integrated into digital ecosystems. Quantified products (QP) are a new product category that exploits data of individual product instances and fleets of instances. A quantified product is a product whose instances collect data about themselves that can be measured or, by design, leave traces of data. The QP design has to consider what dependencies exist between the actual product, services related to the product, and the digital ecosystem of the services. By investigating three industrial case studies, the paper contributes to a better understanding of typical features of QP and the implications of these features for the design of products and services. For this purpose, we combine the analysis of features of QP potentially affecting design with an analysis of dependencies between features. The main contributions of the work are (1) three case studies describing QP design and development, (2) a set of recurring features of QPs derived from the cases, and (3) a feature model capturing design dependencies of these features.

Will to the Original: Platonism in Henry James’ Roderick Hudson

Will to the Original: Platonism in Henry James’ <i>Roderick Hudson</i>

추억 감성을 활용한 스토리텔링 패션제품 리디자인 기획과 제작

Background/Objectives: This study aims to plan a memory redesign process and produce actual fashion products accordingly.&#x0D; Methods: The methods were literature reviews and case studies. The research papers and Internet sources on storytelling, memory emotion, and redesign were examined. Further, Depth-interviews and production processes were conducted. Through literature research, we defined a concept of storytelling and discovered trend of redesign in the fashion industry. Moreover, we explored the processes and products of design planning cases through storytelling with customers. Fashion brands that specifically revealed the procedures and contents of the work produced through storytelling with customers were selected as the case study by searching “storytelling design” on an Internet portal site using keywords.&#x0D; Results: Based on the study, the memory redesign process was planned as 1) a contest and client selection; 2) memory storytelling involving depth-interview and keyword derivation; 3) design planning involving concept setting and mapping; 4) work creation involving draft presentation, decomposition, and combination; 5) sharing thoughts. Accordingly, the process of recruiting clients and producing memory-sensitive products in person through in-depth interviews of a selected person was revealed, and the individual memory sensibility and redesign method were summarized. The “decomposition and combination” method, which is most widely used in the fashion industry, was used as the redesign technique at the time.&#x0D; Conclusion/Implications: This study focuses on the emotional value of personal memories contained in fashion products. Further, it can expand the area of customization by individuals at the product planning stage and contribute to the development of sustainable fashion sector by redesigning the products that individuals had.

Travel agencies’ role in gastronomy tourism development and a gastronomy tour example

Gastronomy tourism embraces a wide range of gastronomic opportunities for tourists while contributing to sustainability, rural development and the protection of culinary heritage. It diversifies and revitalizes tourism as one of the industry's essential element and emerging segments. However, there is a scarcity of research on the issue related to travel agencies. The purpose of this research is to determine whether travel agencies in İzmir use culinary elements and gastronomic sources as themes in their tour packages to highlight the gastronomy tourism potential of the city, and explore ways of developing this approach. Thus, the contribution of this study is threefold. First, travel agencies in downtown İzmir were surveyed in terms of their actual gastronomy tourism product offers and future plans to create one. The survey results revealed that gastronomy was not promoted as a principal theme due to a lack of awareness of potential local and regional culinary resources. Second, experts in the gastronomy and tourism industries were contacted using purposive sampling. Their opinions were sought regarding places, products and activities that could be included in a gastronomy tour package. Finally, an example tour program was created based on expert opinions along with the author’s contribution.

Textile-impressed pottery from the Bronze Age settlement in Szczepidło, Poland

The practice of using textiles during the process of pottery manufacturing provides a unique insight into the technological aspect of prehistoric craft, the actual products of which are very rarely preserved to our times. In this study, microscopic analysis of ceramics fragments with textile or textile-like imprints was carried out in order to determine the type and structural features of textile products that were used by the inhabitants of the Bronze Age settlement in Szczepidło, Central Poland. In addition, issues related to the function of textile patterns on ceramics were discussed. Measurements made during the research were used to prepare a dataset of technical parameters of identified impressions, which, apart from being itself a valuable source of information, could be implemented in future comparative studies.

CONSUMER BEHAVIOR DURING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK: AN ANALYSIS FOR DECISION MAKING, PREFERENCES AND FUTURE CONDITIONS

The COVID-19 outbreak has caused a catastrophic global terror. Several industries have been impacted. Customers' dissatisfaction is a challenge to coffee business entrepreneurs. It has an effect on coffee consumer behavior, particularly purchases made at coffee shops. The purpose of this study is to evaluate consumer motivation to buy coffee and the decision-making process of consumers buying coffee during a pandemic. This article provides an in-depth examination of the elements that influence customer behavior and purchasing decisions in marketing. Discerning patterns to rectify these requirements, making purchasing decisions such as whether to purchase goods and services and, if so, which types of brands and where, interpreting advice, establishing plans, and carrying out these plans, such as comparative shopping or actual product purchases, Totally, contemporary and professional marketing staff strive to understand customers and their answers, and so they analyze the key characteristics of their behavior.

UPDATE IN GEROSCIENCE FOR NONBIOLOGISTS

Abstract Geroscience began as a result of discoveries made by biologists in aging cells, simple organisms and animal models. Such advances, the discovery of strategies for modifying rate of aging, and appreciation of aging as a shared risk factor for chronic diseases led to the Geroscience Hypothesis. It states that interventions modifying aging biology can slow its progression, resulting in the prevention or delay of onset of multiple diseases. However, for these discoveries to truly impact human health, nonbiologists – scientists in other disciplines and clinicians, must also engage in geroscience. An obstacle to a wider engagement by disciplines and GSA members other than basic biologists in geroscience has been the fact that varied fields engaged in aging issues tend to use language (jargon), methods and scientific approach that can make their work less accessible and understandable to other disciplines. To that end, speakers have been selected not only for their scientific contributions, but also for their ability to overcome such barriers. Steve Austad (UAB) will discuss the range of animal models and experimental approaches that led to the Geroscience Hypothesis. Anne Newman (U Pittsburgh) will review evidence that these findings are relevant to and might be translatable to humans. John Newman (UCSF/Buck) will seek to frame these considerations in terms of broader societal discussions regarding aging while providing a framework by which nonbiologists may critically evaluate discoveries and actual products claiming benefits in terms of aging. (Sponsored by Nathan Shock Coordinating Center U24AG056053; Geroscience Education and Training Network R25AG073119).

이미지 데이터 기반 제품 분류 및 결함 검출

In this study, a novel method of identifying different product types and classifying them into normal and abnormal states according to the presence or absence of defects is proposed by using a convolutional neural network. First, as a preliminary study, a convolutional neural network that can classify four shapes, namely, a rectangle, triangle, circle, and ellipse, and determine whether there is a defect is designed and the classification performance is confirmed. To verify the actual product classification and defect detection performance, two types of Arduino board images are prepared, and defective board images are additionally prepared for each type. If there is a defect, after classification is conducted, the location of the defect is visualized using the class activation map. It is confirmed that the proposed method can construct an image-based classification and defect detection system which can be effectively applied to the product production process.

Actors Who Play Outlaws Can Be Good for Endorsing Products

Negative, or outlaw, characters, such as the drug dealer Walter White from the television drama series “Breaking Bad,” have appeared in advertising campaigns endorsing actual products, despite their fictional status and questionable traits. This research finds that, although these character endorsers are liked and trusted less and are perceived as a worse fit than their real-world actor counterparts (<i>e.g</i>., Bryan Cranston, who plays Walter White), they work equally well. The authors argue that because the characters are better known and understood, they facilitate meaning transfer between endorser and brand, offsetting their drawbacks. Negative characters appear well suited to product endorsement, opening the door to a novel and creative marketing tactic, and may be particularly effective when promoting more controversial products.

A multi-criteria decision making approach to the new product development process in industry

New product development is the process of taking a new idea and turning that idea into an actual product, available on the market. This process includes a number of stages, starting with the product concept and increasingly refining that concept until it becomes the final product and is ready for marketing. The primary function of a Multi-Criteria Decision Making approach is to take the values of a set of criteria and determine an optimal course of action. This research aims to evaluate the significance of using such the PROMETHEE approach to formulate the new product development process within an organization. In order to use that approach to assess the level of improvement that the organization has seen in its performance in new product development, and to estimate the possible level of improvement that might take place if the organization implements suggested recommendations. A research case is studied in order to make this assessment. Results of the case study are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of using a Multi-Criteria Decision Making approach for improving the new product development process within a real-world industrial setting.

Comparisons of registration requirements of Nutraceuticals in Philippines, Tanzania, Cambodia and India

"Nutraceuticals" are the combination of Nutrition and pharmaceutical. The term Nutraceutical was given by Dr. Stephen in 1989. A dietary supplement is a product taken by mouth that contains a dietary ingredient (Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs, Amino acids etc.) Numerous definitions and nomenclature for dietary supplements exist worldwide. In India Food Safety and Standards authority (FSSA), defines Nutraceuticals as "foods for special dietary uses or functional foods or health supplements". In Philippines Nutraceuticals are known as food supplement &amp; dilatory supplement. In Sudan, Nutraceuticals are known as dietary supplement &amp; health product .In Cambodia Nutraceuticals are known as health supplement product. Every country has their own guidelines, regulatory requirements which deal with regulatory registration procedures of Nutraceuticals. In order to enter the Indian Nutraceutical market, some of the very important areas of focus include product evaluation, actual product analysis, procuring licenses and developing India specific health and label claims.

Superoxide intermediate in the oxygen reduction on a zinc hydroxide model corrosion product.

The inhibition of the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by zinc corrosion products plays an important role in the corrosion protection of galvanized steel. Hence, the electrocatalytic mechanism of the ORR on electrodeposited zinc hydroxide-based model corrosion products was investigated by in situ and operando attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy, supplemented by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Model corrosion products containing flake-like crystalline Zn5(NO3)2(OH)8 were cathodically electrodeposited on germanium(100) electrodes from a zinc nitrate precursor electrolyte. Substantial amounts of the films are non-crystalline, and their surfaces predominantly consist of zinc oxide and hydroxide species, as evidenced by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. ATR-IR spectra show a peak at 1180 cm-1 during cathodic currents in O2-saturated NaClO4 solution. This peak is assigned to a surface-bound superoxide, the only ORR intermediate detected. Absorbance from the intermediate increases with increasing cathodic current, indicating an increase in surface concentration of superoxide intermediates at larger ORR current densities. The zinc hydroxide ages in the experiments, most likely by a transformation into zinc oxide, consistent with the observed decrease in absorbance over time of the OH bending mode of zinc hydroxide at 1380 cm-1. This aging is a time-dependent chemical process, implying that pure chemical aging is important in actual corrosion products as well. DFT calculations of adsorbed superoxide yield a Zn-O bond length similar to the bond length in Zn-O, thus enhancing superoxide interaction with undercoordinated tetrahedral Zn2+ sites on the surface. Thus, such active sites catalyze the first reduction step in the ORR.

Evaluation of the calorific value of exothermic sleeve material by the adiabatic calorimeter

Abstract Recently, casting simulations have been used to improve the product quality and the yield during casting. However, there are cases in which the simulation results do not reproduce the defects in the product. Although accurate physical property values are necessary for highly accurate simulations, some physical property values are not dependable. Recently, the occurrence of defects, such as shrinkage porosity, has been compared between simulated results and actual products by varying the physical property values given in the simulation. It has been shown that the heat value of the exothermic sleeve in the catalog used to reduce defects may be approximately one-seventh of the actual heating value. In this study, we developed an adiabatic calorimeter with a simple configuration that can realize actual casting conditions. The heat generated by the three types of exothermic sleeves was measured. No difference in calorific value was observed between the three types of samples, and all were approximately 2 kJ·g−1. This value is less than the half of that provided in the catalog.

Development of piezoelectric fast steering mirror with tilt error compensation for portable spectroscopic sensor

Fast steering mirror, a key component that can compensate for the distortion of the optical axis, plays an essential role in portable spectroscopic sensors. Because the performance of the fast steering mirror has a great influence on the accuracy of the interferometer in the spectroscopic sensor, it is important to verify whether it can satisfy the design requirements by evaluating the performance. In this study, a piezoelectric fast steering mirror with high-resolution and high-speed tilting capability for a portable spectroscopic sensor was fabricated and tested. Design requirements such as steering angle, resolution, and frequency range were set for portable spectroscopic sensors and elastic guide structures actuated by piezoelectric actuators were proposed. Before fabrication, the performances of the proposed fast steering mirror were examined by the finite element method. To verify the proposed fast steering mirror, a prototype was manufactured with a size of 24.5 mm × 24.5 mm × 37.4, including a mirror with a diameter of 20 mm and thickness of 3 mm. This prototype can provide the sufficient convenience for mounting on a spectroscopic sensor for gas monitoring at a distance. Its performance was tested, confirming a steering range of 0.56°, resolution of 1.27 µrad seconds and natural frequency of 282 Hz. In addition, through a performance evaluation test using a visible light laser on an optical test bed, the ability to compensate the tilt error within a few seconds was confirmed for its applicability to actual spectroscopic interferometer products in the future.

Transaminase-mediated chiral selective synthesis of (1R)-(3-methylphenyl)ethan-1-amine from 1-(3-methylphenyl)ethan-1-one: process minutiae, optimization, characterization and 'What If studies'.

Transaminases capable of carrying out chiral selective transamination of 1-(3-methylphenyl)ethan-1-one to (1R)-(3-methylphenyl)ethan-1-amine were screened, and ATA-025 was the best enzyme, while dimethylsulfoxide (10% V/V) was the best co-solvent for said bioconversion. The variables such as enzyme loading, substrate loading, temperature, and pH for development of process displaying maximum conversion with good product formation and higher yield were optimized. The ambient processing conditions were 10% enzyme loading/50g/L substrate loading/45°C/pH 8.0, and 5% enzyme loading/36.78g/L substrate loading/42.66°C/pH 8.2 displaying maximum conversion 99.01 ± 2.47% and 96.115 ± 1.97%, and 76.93 ± 1.05% and 73.12 ± 1.04% yield with one factor at a time approach and numerical optimization with Box Behnken Design, respectively. In the final optimized reaction, ATA-025 showed the highest 99.22 ± 2.61% conversion, 49.55g/L product formation, with an actual product recovery of 38.16g corresponding to a product yield 77.03 ± 1.01% with respect to the product formed after reaction. The purity of recovered product (1R)-(3-methylphenyl)ethan-1-amine formed was ≥ 99% (RP-HPLC), and chiral purity ≥ 98.5% (Chiral-GC), and it was also confirmed and characterized with instrumental methods using boiling point, LC-MS, ATR-FTIR, and 1H NMR. The findings of 'What If' studies performed by investigating timely progress of reaction on gram scale by drastically changing the process parameters revealed a substantial modification in process variables to achieve desired results. (1R)-(3-methylphenyl)ethan-1-amine synthesized by green, facile and novel enzymatic approach with an optimized process could be used for synthesis of different active pharma entities.

Rapid Measurement of Residual Kanamycin Using Highly Specific Biomimetic Recognition Paper-Based Chip.

The development of highly specific biomimetic recognition material is a challenge for rapid detection of harmful residues in foodstuff. In this study, a paper-based boronate affinity metal-organic framework/molecularly imprinted polymer microfluidic chip (FZS-BA@MIP) was constructed based on the in situ construction strategy, which was also designed as a highly specific biomimetic recognition module. Here, the homogeneous zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) membrane served as a great scaffold and enrichment layer. Besides, the recognition layer of MIP was prepared based on a highly oriented boronate affinity surface imprinting strategy. With the aid of the liquid flow channel, the highly specific enrichment and visual detection for antibiotic residues like kanamycin in actual products were achieved on the paper chip module of an integrated lateral flow platform. The whole analysis process could be accomplished within 30 min. In brief, this study offered a new integrated biomimetic recognition platform for visually detecting harmful veterinary residues containing cis-diols, which demonstrated promising commercial value in point-of-care testing of foodborne hazardous compounds.

Assessing material and embodied flows related to building services in office buildings — the case of Brussels, Belgium

An increasing number of cities and regions are promoting reuse as a key strategy in the transition towards a more circular economy in the construction sector. However, the reuse supply chains for building services are currently underdeveloped in most cities and regions. There is a need for a better understanding of the material flows at the city and regional levels. This study describes a bottom-up approach to quantify material flows related to building services as well as their embodied environmental and economic flows. It relies on the selection of a minimum of 1 new construction or renovation project representing material inflows and 1 demolition or renovation project representing material outflows. Actual products from bill of quantities and pre-demolition audits are mapped against a list of 234 archetypes, and archetypal inflows and outflows are extrapolated to the city or regional level. This model is applied to all office buildings in the Region of Brussels, Belgium. Results show that rectangular ductwork is responsible for almost 30% of annual inflows of building services, which amount to 32 km/year, 1,6 kt/year, require 96 thousand m3 of freshwater/year, 131 TJ of primary energy/year, emit 9,9 kt CO2 eq/year, cost 3;4 MEUR/year to project developers, and whose installation in buildings represents 51 khours/year. In addition, results show that the outflows of black steel pipes, recessed luminaires and electrical cables exceed the inflows on an annual basis, suggesting that there is significant potential for covering needs through the reuse of those products.