Activity Of Different Solvent Extracts Research Articles

Phytochemical Investigation and Antimicrobial Activity of Root Extracts of <i>Withania Somnifera</i> (L.) Dunal. against Drug- Resistant Bacterial Pathogens

With the emergence of multidrug resistance among clinical bacterial pathogens there is a growing need for the development of herbal alternatives for the effective therapeutic management of bacterial infections. Plants and plants products have long been used in traditional folk medicine worldwide. Hence this study was designed to test the antimicrobial efficacy of Withania somnifera L. Dunal. (root) against drug resistant bacterial pathogens. Extracts of W. somnifera (L.) Dunal (root) was prepared by cold percolation method. Antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts of W. somnifera (L.) Dunal. (root) was studied against drug-resistant clinical isolates of Gram-positive cocci (vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacilli (ESBL Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The standard strains of ATCC 25922 E. coli, ATCC 25923 S. aureus, ATCC 27853 P. aeruginosa, and ATCC 29212 E. faecalis were used as controls. Antibacterial activities of extracts were evaluated using agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by microbroth dilution method. All the extracts (methanol, ethanol, acetone and chloroform) were inhibitory to gram positive bacteria tested. Nevertheless, inhibitory effect waspronounced in the methanol and ethanol extract, against gram negative bacteria (Both ATCC and clinical strains).Further based on the phytochemical and GC-MS analysis, it could be speculated that the antibacterial activity exhibited by the methanol extract of W. somnifera root could be attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, steroids and terpenes.

Cytotoxicity Profiling of Annona Squamosa in Cancer Cell Lines

Objective:In the study our aim was to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of different solvent extracts of Annona squamosa seeds. Methods and materials:The four extracts used were petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol were tested using cytotoxicity assays.Results:Among the four extracts tested petroleum ether showed maximum cytotoxicity against a panel of cancer cell lines such as nasopharyngeal cancer (KB) cells, lung cancer (A-549) cells, breast cancer (MCF- 7) cells, leukemic (K-562) cells and inhibited the growth of murine cancer cells such as Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA) and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). Conclusion:Petroleum ether extract of Annona squamosa seeds showed cytotoxicity towards a panel of cancer cells meanwhile non-significant cytotoxicity towards normal cells.

Chemical Compositions of the Volatile Oils and Antibacterial Screening of Solvent Extract from Downy Lavender.

The discovery of a new species exhibiting more effective antibacterial properties is necessary because of the demand on Lavandula species, which continues to increase in a variety of industries. Lavandula pubescens might be a good alternative, as it exhibits strong antibacterial activity. In this study, the chemical composition of the essential oils from different organs (flowers, leaves, stems, and roots) of L. pubescens was identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activities of different solvent extracts (methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, hexane, and ethyl acetate) and different organ (flower, leaf, stem, and root) extracts of L. pubescens were evaluated. Only the ethyl acetate extracts of L. pubescens exhibited antibacterial activity against all bacterial strains tested, including Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Escherichia coli (KF 918342), Aeromonas hydrophila (KCTC 12487), E. coli (ATCC 35150), Cronobacter sakazakii (ATCC 29544), and Aeromonas salmonicida (KACC 15136). In particular, the extracts exhibited significant activity against S. haemolyticus. Ethyl acetate extract of the leaf exhibited the best activity against all bacterial strains. This study provides valuable information on the chemical compositions in essential oils and antimicrobial properties of L. pubescens.

Comparative studies on phytochemistry, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of direct and sequential extracts of chromolaena odorata leaves

Phytochemistry, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of different solvent extracts of Chromolaena odorata leaves obtained by direct and sequential extraction were compared in this study. Antibacterial evaluation of the extracts was performed through a disc diffusion method. The results revealed that the solvents, Petroleum ether and Ethyl acetate showed the presence of a majority of the phytochemicals, Chloroform extract yielded maximum TPC and TAA and ethyl acetate yielded higher TFC when compared to other solvents. Ethanol and chloroform extracts showed lower concentrations of IC50 against DPPH and NO radicals respectively. Acetone recorded the maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; ethyl acetate against Bacillus subtilis and Chloroform against Streptococcus mutans. Among the solvents studied for phytochemical content and bioactivities, ethanol showed a higher level of phytochemical extraction and better bioactivities. As a direct solvent extraction of C. odorata showed better efficiency when compared with sequential extraction, the study strongly recommends the use of a direct extraction method.

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Different Solvent Extracts from Moringa stenopetala Leaves.

This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activities of different solvent extracts of Moringa stenopetala (MS) leaves against nine selected pathogenic microorganisms. The disc diffusion method was used to assess antimicrobial activity and determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Methanol, and chloroform extracts showed significant inhibitory activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus. The greatest antimicrobial activity, determined by lowest MIC values (62.5 μg/mL), was observed for inhibition of C. albicans by the ethanol extract and Streptococcus pneumoniae by the methanol extract. The MICs of chloroform extract were 125 μg/mL against Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and B. cereus. Water extract showed the lowest inhibition against these microorganisms, with MIC values of 250 μg/mL. The data presented in this study suggest that MS leaves have great potential in the development of food preservatives and antibiotic drugs.

Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial and antioxidant studies of Lannea egregia Engl. and K. Krause (Anacardiaceae) stem bark

Background: A substantial number of drugs are being developed from plants for the treatment of various diseases. Lannea egregia (LE) is a woody perennial plant used traditionally in the management of skin disorders and wounds.Aim: To investigate the biological activities of different solvent extracts of LE bark.Settings: Fresh stem bark of Lannea egregia was collected from Itabo Lanlate, Oyo State, Nigeria. The authentication was done in Forest Herbarium, Ibadan (FHI), Nigeria. The biological activities of the air-dried sample were carried out in the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.Materials and methods: Powdered LE bark sample was extracted by gradient extraction. Phytochemical screening was performed on the extracts using standard procedure. In vitro antimicrobial study was performed on 14 strains of bacteria and 5 fungal strains at a concentration range of 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/mL of the extract using ciprofloxacin and itraconazole as standard. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content (TPC) of two active extracts were determined spectrophotometrically.Results: The phytochemical screening of LE revealed the presence of tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, saponins and alkaloids. The dichloromethane (DCM) extract exhibited the highest activity against all the bacterial strains as well as four of the fungal strains. The zones of inhibition (ZI) of bacteria ranged from 9.0 ± 2.0 to 24.6 ± 2.4 mm, MIC of 0.0008 to 12.5 mg/mL and MBC of 25 to 75 mg/mL, while ZI of the fungal strains ranged from 10.3 ± 4.6 to 18.0 ± 5.3 mm, MIC 0.391 – 0.781 and MFC of 50 mg/mL in all the strains. The TPC values of DCM and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts were 1582.47 ± 6.69 and 1579.89 ± 12.77 µg GAE/mg and inhibitory antioxidant activity of 2.54 ± 0.58 and 2.44 ± 0.54, respectively.Conclusion: These findings provide scientific evidence to support the ethnomedicinal use of Lannea egregia bark for treating skin disorders and wounds.

Stem bark exudate (resin) of Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D. Don (hoop pine) abates glycation, α-glucosidase and DPP-IV activity and modulates glucose utilization in Chang liver cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Araucaria cunninghamii (hoop pine) is known for its traditional medicinal uses. The stem bark exudes resin, which possess anti-microbial properties, but its anti-diabetic potentials remain unknown. We investigated the anti-diabetic potentials and possible mode of actions of the stem bark exudate (resin) of A. cunninghamii. Phenolic content; α-glucosidase, DPP-IV and glycation inhibitory activities and glucose utilization and adipocyte differentiation modulatory activities of different solvent extracts (HEX, DCM, MeOH and DCM:HEX) of A. cunninghamii stem bark exudate were determined. Phenolic content did not differ among extracts. Alpha glucosidase inhibition of MeOH extract (48.5%) was twice (p < .05) that of other extracts (24.2%–26.6%), and comparable to that of acarbose (48.7%). DPP-IV inhibition of HEX, DCM and MeOH extracts was double (p < .05) that of DCM:HEX extracts. All extracts dose-dependently (5 and 50 μg/mL) inhibited glycation and significantly (p < .05) modulated glucose utilization in Chang liver cells. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, glucose utilization modulatory effect of MeOH extract was comparable to that of insulin. 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiation was not altered by all extracts. Arachidonic acid and methyl oleate were identified by GC–MS in the MeOH extract. In silico docking showed that GLUT-4 (binding energy = −10.5 kcal mol−1) and α-glucosidase (binding energy = −8.5 kcal mol−1) are possible molecular targets of these compounds, respectively. Data suggest that the glucose uptake modulatory effect of A. cunninghamii stem bark exudate in adipocytes may be via GLUT-4 modulation, but independent of PPARγ. A. cunninghamii stem bark exudate showed great potentials for further investigation in the management of diabetes and its complications.

Evaluation of antibacterial activity of different solvent extracts of medicinal plant: Cleome viscosa Linn.

Aim: The aim of the study deals with evaluation of antibacterial activity of the medicinal plant Cleome viscosa Linn. traditionally used in the treatment of communicable diseases. Materials and Methods: The plant was taxonomically identified and dried whole plant of C. viscosa Linn. was defatted with n-hexane (60–80°C) in a Soxhlet apparatus. The defatted powder material thus obtained was further extracted successively with chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water to afford corresponding fractions. Standard strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus purchased from the Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India. Antibacterial activities of the extracts were determined by the microbroth dilution assay. Results and Discussion: Plant extracts showed good bactericidal activity. Among the plant extracts, water and ethanol extract showed potent antibacterial activity against all the five bacteria, especially against Gram-negative bacteria E. coli, S. typhi, and P. aeruginosa followed by ethanol extract, whereas chloroform extract showed minimal bactericidal activity. Conclusion: The findings provide support for the use of these plants in traditional medicine for the treatment of infectious disease and are thus potential sources of drugs that would need to be subjected to further studies.

Effect of extraction solvents on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of Berberis orthobotrys Bienerat ex C.K. Schneider

Berberis orthobotrys Bienerat ex C.K. Schneider (BOB) is broadly utilized as a medicinal plant in Asia. In present work, various solvents (water, methanol, ethanol) were used as solvent in the extraction of BOB. Then, total phenol, flavonoid and tannin contents of dried BOB were investigated. Additionally, in vitro and antioxidant capacities and antibacterial and antifungal activities of different solvent extracts were also evaluated. The extract obtained by 80% methanol had the maximum amount of total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents, while, the minimum amount of these compounds were obtained for aqueous extract of BOB. It was found that the anti-DPPH radical activity and reducing power of methanolic extract were higher than other samples. The effect of BOB extract on the oxidation of sunflower oil demonstrated that BOB can inhibit the oxidative reactions. The evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activities of different BOB extracts exhibited that methanolic extract had significant inhibition activity against tested bacteria and fungus. In conclusion, BOB can be used as a potential source of natural antioxidant and antibacterial agent for food and pharmaceutical systems.

Preservative effect of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) extract on their molecular docking, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

This study aimed at investigating the antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts of Chinese cabbage Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (BRARP) and their antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties. Of the different solvents extracts, the chloroform extracts (CE) were significantly inhibited the bacterial pathogens at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 16.5 mg.mL-1. Biochemical analysis revealed that total phenol (62.6 ± 0.05 mg GAE.g-1) and flavonoids (27.6 ± 0.04 mg QE.g-1) were higher in the extracts of BRARP, which resulted in enhanced antioxidant activity in CE. A total of eight dominant compounds were detected in the potent antimicrobial extract from BRARP based on GC-MS analysis. The molecular interactions study revealed that, among the screened compounds the 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and 2,3-dicyanopropionamide interacted with the active site of pathogenicity and survival related protein with lipopolysaccharide (LpxC) with higer binding energy. This work concluded that the 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid and 2, 3-Dicyanopropionamide from BRARP was reported to be good non-cytotoxic and antioxidant antimicrobials against bacterial pathogens.

Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of solvent extracts of agro-food by-products (cashew nut shell, coconut shell and groundnut hull)

In India, agro-food by-products such as shell cake of cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.), shell of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) and hull of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) are cheaply available on a vast scale. Even though a small portion of these solid waste materials is being used, a large quantity is not being utilized. Based on literature data, these by-products could be used as a source of valuable phytochemicals. The present study explored a suitable solvent system and extraction conditions for the recovery of polyphenols from three different agro-food by-products. The optimal conditions for the recovery of polyphenols from agro-food by-products were investigated in addition to evaluating their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Among the three investigated by-products, methanolic extract of cashew nut shell was the most prominent source of antioxidants (3412.28 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L) compared to coconut shell (1056.32 mg GAE/L) and groundnut hull (426.35 mg GAE/L). The in vitro antioxidant assay produced promising radical scavenging activity of shell extract of coconut (concentration at which the response was reduced by half; IC50 = 12 μg/mL) compared to cashew nut (IC50 = 44 μg/mL) and groundnut hull extract (IC50 = 48 μg/mL). The anti-bacterial activity of different solvent extracts revealed that the methanolic extracts from cashew nut and coconut shells were more effective in inhibiting the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The present work revealed the possibility of recovery of useful phytochemical compounds from agro-food byproducts which could be used subsequently as natural food preservatives.

GC-MS Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of different Solvent Extracts of Shuteria involucrata

The present study was focused to examine the presence of phytoconstituents in the ethanolic extract of Shuteria involucrata plant using GC-MS analysis and Antibacterial activity. The GC-MS analysis of S. involucrata leaf was performed using Agilent 6890-JEOL GC-Mate-II Mass Spectrometer. The result of the study showed the presence of six bioactive compounds in the ethanolic extract. The antimicrobial activity was carried out by disc diffusion technique against the four selected pathogens. Among the four, tested for Antibacterial Activity Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and were more susceptible to the extract, whereas the others are less susceptible. Ethanol and methanol extracts of plant materials exhibited good antibacterial activity against gram positive, gram negative bacterias.

Evaluation of Anti Microbial and Anti Fungal Activity of Acalyphaindica L., Leaf Extract

Anti-microbial and anti-fungal activity of different solvent extracts of Acalypha indica (Euphorbeace family) was tested against bacterial pathogens (Pseudomonasaeruginosa, E.Coli, KlebsiellaPneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus) and fungal strains (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Candida tropicalis andCandida kefyr) using the Agar Well diffusion method . It was observed that all the extracts showed positive activity) against bacteria and fungi. Ethanolic extract of Acalypha indica showed more potency against Staphylococcus aureus with an inhibition zone of12.46 (mm) and Methanolic extract exhibited higher activity against E.coli with an inhibition zone of11.26 (mm). Ethanolic extract of Acalypha indica showed prominent antifungal activity against candida albicans with an inhibition diameter of 12.53 (mm) and Aspergillus niger with a diameter of 9.21 (mm) when compared to other solvent extracts. Erythromycin and Ketoconazole were used as positive standards for antimicrobial and anti fungal experiments. In the present study, Ethanol extract showed a varying degree of inhibition to the growth of tested organisms compared to Methanol, Acetone and Chloroform against Bacteria and Fungi. The results confirmed the presence of antibacterial and antifungal compounds in shade dried extracts of Acalypha indica against human pathogenic organisms.

Effect of Roots of Origanum majorana in Methanolic and Ethyl Acetate Extracts on CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rat

To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of different solvent extracts of Origanum majorana. The root materials were shade dried and were extracted in a soxhlet apparatus successively with ethyl acetate and methanol. The solvent was removed by the process of distillation and the crude extract was dried under vacuum. The extracts were subjected to hepatoprotective activities, the extract producing significant activity was column chromatographed. The extract was preliminarily screened using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to know the types of compounds present in the extracts. TLC was developed in n hexane: ethyl acetate solvent systems of different polarities and then plates were visualized under Iodine vapour exposure, UV short wave 254 nm and long wave 366 nm. Plates were sprayed with a solution of visualizing reagent 10% H2SO4 in methanol followed by heating in an oven at 110°C for up to five minutes. The methanolic extracts of Origanum majorana at different doses, Silymarin and Drug vehicle were administered p.o in sodium carboxy methyl cellulose suspension. The serum was used for the estimation of various biochemical parameters like SGOT, SGPT, ALKP, TBL, CHL, TPTN and ALB. The results clearly depicted that CCl4 intoxication in normal rats elevated the serum levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALKP, TBL and CHL, where as decreased the levels of TPTN, ALB significantly when compared to control indicating acute hepatocellular damage and biliary obstruction leading to necrosis.

Enhanced antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activity of Rhizophora apiculata: An experimental report.

The present study is designed to evaluate the antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of Rhizophora apiculata. Initially, the phenolic and flavonoid content was quantified in solvent extracts, and gallic acid and rutin were used as a control, respectively. Further, antimicrobial and minimal inhibitory activities of different solvent extracts were assessed against human clinical pathogenic bacteria, and the results showed that butanol and methanol extract has potential antimicrobial activity. FTIR analysis of solvent extracts showed the presence of phenolic compounds at 3409-3430cm-1 that actively involved in various applications including antioxidant and anticancer activities. The in vitro antioxidant activity of solvent extracts showed excellent antioxidant potential, about 84% of DPPH free-radical scavenging, 76% of hydrogen peroxide, 82% of hydroxyl radical scavenging, and 80% of reducing power. Two-way ANOVA analysis showed that the highly significant effect of antioxidant activity depends on the concentration of extracts. The DNA protection efficiency of extracts against oxidative damage was confirmed by DNA nicking assay using bacterial DNA. The methanol extract effectively inhibited the growth and induces the apoptosis through ROS generation and sensitizes the mitochondrial membrane potential of A549 lung cancer cells. Taken together, the results showed that the solvent extracts of R. apiculata could be potential antioxidant and anticancer agents.

Phytochemical Analysis and In vitro Antimicrobial activities of various extracts of Decalepis arayalpathra

The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial activity of in vivo (root, stem and leaf), and in vitro derived leaf callus of Decalepis arayalpathra. The explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentration and combination of auxins and cytokinins for callus induction. The total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents in different solvent extracts were analysed using standard methods. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of different solvent extracts was carried out using the agar well diffusion method and food poison technique. Maximum callus induction was noticed on MS media supplemented with 2, 4-D (9.05µM/L) and BAP (4.44 µM/L) + NAA (2.69 µM/L) respectively. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were higher in methanolic extracts of root and stem compared to other extracts. Antimicrobial activities was significantly higher in methanolic extract of root, leaf, stem and callus followed by aqueous and chloroform extract. The maximum antibacterial activity was observed in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in methanolic extracts of stem, leaf and callus. Our results demonstrated the phytochemical and antimicrobial activities of D. arayalpathra and further studies have to be carried out to identify the novel compounds.

Antimycotic activity of ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex Benth. (Lamiale: Lamiaceae) and Iris kashmiriana Baker (Asparagales: Iridaceae) against some vegetable rot fungi

Antifungal activities of different solvent extracts of Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex Benth. (Lamiale: Lamiaceae) and Iris kashmiriana Baker (Asparagales: Iridaceae) were carried out through agar well diffusion assay at three concentrations (25 uL, 50 uL and 75 uL) against seven rot causing fungi, viz. Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus niger, Mucor plumbeus, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium chrysogenum, Trichothecium roseum and Rhizoctonia solani. All the concentration of plant extracts showed antimycotic activity against tested pathogenic fungi. Antimycotic activity increased with the increased concentrations of plant extracts. However, higher concentrations proved more effective than lower concentrations. It was revealed from the present study that the ethanolic extract of Ajuga bracteosa showed maximum antimycotic activity against Mucor plumbeus and Rhizoctonia solani and least activity against Penicillium chrysogenum. However, the aqueous extract of Ajuga bracteosa showed maximum antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Penicillium expansum and least activity against Trichothecium roseum. It was further revealed from the present study that the ethanolic extract of Iris kashmiriana showed maximum antimycotic activity against Aspergillus niger and least activity against Rhizoctonia solani. Whereas the aqueous extract of Iris kashmiriana showed maximum antimycotic activity against Penicillium expansum and Rhizoctonia solani and least activity against Aspergillus niger.

EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF DIFFERENT SOLVENT EXTRACTS OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS OF SEMI-ARID REGION

Objective: Infections caused by microorganisms that have become resistant to commonly used antibiotics have become a major nuisance globally. The problem of microbial resistance is increasing rapidly, and therefore there is an urgent need to develop novel antimicrobial agents from a natural source. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts of aerial part of Alysicarpus procumbens, Fimbristylis dichotoma, Saccharum spontaneum, Suaeda nigra, and Typha angustifolia against pathogenic microorganisms.Methods: The extraction was done by individual cold percolation method using five solvents of different polarity, viz., petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, and water (aqueous). The antimicrobial activity was done by agar well diffusion method against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.Results: All the plant solvent extracts showed varied level of antimicrobial activity against different microorganisms. All extracts of five plants showed better antibacterial activity than antifungal activity; Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible than Gram-negative bacteria.Conclusion: The polarity of solvent greatly influences extractive yield and antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants. The best activity was shown by solvent extracts of S. nigra. Hence, it can be considered as good source of antimicrobial agents.

In vitro bioactive analysis and antioxidant activity of two species of seaweeds from the Gulf of Mannar

Evaluation of in vitro standard antioxidant assays, such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-3 ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulphonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS+) radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation inhibitory (or thiobarbituric acid formation inhibitory activity) and ferrous ion (Fe+2) chelating activities of different solvent extracts of seaweeds, Jania rubens and Kappaphycus alvarezii collected from the Gulf of Mannar of the Peninsular India, were carried out. The methodology utilised bioactivity-guided extraction of seaweed with effective solvent comprised classical chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The ethyl acetate extraction of seaweeds displayed significantly greater antioxidant activity than dichloromethane and n-hexane extraction. Bioactivity-guided chromatographic separation of the ethyl acetate extract of seaweeds with potentially greater antioxidant activities, yielded 6α-methoxy-4bβ-methyl-7β-vinyl-1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9-dodecahydro-2β-phenanthrenol (1) from J. rubens, whereas K. alvarezii yielded 2β-ethyl-9-oxo-5α-vinyl-1,2,5,5a,6,7,8,9-octahydroheptalene-10,1-carbolactone (2) and methyl-2-ethyl-9-oxo-5α-vinyl-1,2,5,5a,6,7,10,10a-octahydroheptalene-1α-carboxylate (3). Compound 1 displayed significantly greater DPPH scavenging activities (IC50 0.22 mg/mL) than α-tocopherol (IC50 0.63 mg/mL). The order of DPPH radical-scavenging activities were compounds 1 > 2 > 3.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF MILLINGTONIA HORTENSIS (L)

Objective: Millingtonia hortensis Linn (Bignoniaceae) is commonly known as cork tree and Akash neem. Aim of studies to determine the antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity.Methods: The antioxidant activity of different solvent extracts were measured by chemical analyses involving the assay of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and super oxide radical scavenging activity.Results: Phytochemicals (secondary metabolites) screening of methanol, chloroform, ethanol, petroleum ether, aqueous leaf extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, betacyanins, phenols and coumarins.Conclusion: The presence of these phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity support the use of this plant as an antibacterial agent against the group of micro organisms tested.Â