Abstract
Antifungal activities of different solvent extracts of Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex Benth. (Lamiale: Lamiaceae) and Iris kashmiriana Baker (Asparagales: Iridaceae) were carried out through agar well diffusion assay at three concentrations (25 uL, 50 uL and 75 uL) against seven rot causing fungi, viz. Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus niger, Mucor plumbeus, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium chrysogenum, Trichothecium roseum and Rhizoctonia solani. All the concentration of plant extracts showed antimycotic activity against tested pathogenic fungi. Antimycotic activity increased with the increased concentrations of plant extracts. However, higher concentrations proved more effective than lower concentrations. It was revealed from the present study that the ethanolic extract of Ajuga bracteosa showed maximum antimycotic activity against Mucor plumbeus and Rhizoctonia solani and least activity against Penicillium chrysogenum. However, the aqueous extract of Ajuga bracteosa showed maximum antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Penicillium expansum and least activity against Trichothecium roseum. It was further revealed from the present study that the ethanolic extract of Iris kashmiriana showed maximum antimycotic activity against Aspergillus niger and least activity against Rhizoctonia solani. Whereas the aqueous extract of Iris kashmiriana showed maximum antimycotic activity against Penicillium expansum and Rhizoctonia solani and least activity against Aspergillus niger.
Highlights
Plant pathogenic fungi are known to cause huge losses to the crop plants and their produce in storage
Antifungal potential was evaluated by measuring inhibition zone diameters in millimeters with the help of standard measuring scale. It was observed from the results (Table 1, Figure 1) that the ethanolic extract of Ajuga bracteosa showed maximum inhibition in the fungal growth of Mucor plumbeus and Rhizoctonia solani with zone of inhibition as 20.33 mm ± 0.57 mm, 22.00 mm ± 1.00 mm, 24.66 mm ±0.57 mm and 20.33 mm ± 0.57 mm, 22.33 mm ± 0.57 mm, 24.00 mm ± 1.00 mm at 25 μL, 50 μL and 75μL, respectively
Whereas as moderate inhibitory activity of Ajuga bracteosa was shown against Aspergillus niger, and Trichothecium roseum with the zone of inhibition of 19.00 mm ± 1.00 mm, 21.66 mm ± 0.57 mm, 23.00 mm ± 1.00 mm and 17.66 mm ± 0.57 mm, 20.00 mm ± 1.00 mm, 21.66 mm ± 1.52 mm at 25 μL, 50 μL, and 75 μL concentration, respectively
Summary
Plant pathogenic fungi are known to cause huge losses to the crop plants and their produce in storage. Several control strategies have been employed by agricultural scientists to minimize the losses caused by pathogenic fungi. The important medicinal plants Ajuga bracteosa Wall. Ajuga bracteosa is an important medicinal plant commonly known as “bungle” in English and “Jan-iadam” in Kashmiri. Ajuga bracteosa has great medicinal and economic importance (Kayani et al, 2016). In North area of India, Ajuga bracteosa is given in the treatment of fevers, neuro diseases (Nisar et al, 2014). The leaves are diuretic, stimulant and used as a substitute for cinchona (Chopra et al, 1956) the plant is reported to possess cardio stimulant action in animals and anticancer activity in rats and mice (Dhar et al, 1968)
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