Activity Of ANS Research Articles

Activities of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system following a strong earthquake.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of post-traumatic stress, caused by a strong earthquake, on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and autonomous nervous system activity (ANS). Activities of the HPA (as salivary cortisol) and ANS (as heart-rate variability [HRV]) were measured following the 2020 Elazig (Türkiye) earthquake (6.8 Richter Scale, classified as strong). A total of 227 participants (103 men (45%) and 124 women (%55)) provided saliva samples twice, namely, 1week and 6weeks after the earthquake. Of these participants, HRV was measured in 51 participants by 5min continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) recording. Frequency- and time-domain parameters of the HRV were calculated to assess the activity of ANS and low/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio was used as surrogate for sympathovagal balance. Salivary cortisol levels decreased from week 1 towards week 6 (17.40±1.48 and 15.32±1.37ng/mL, respectively, p<0.05). There were no gender differences (17.99±2.63 and 16.90±1.60ng/mL, respectively for females and males, p>0.05) for salivary cortisol levels. There were no differences in time- and frequency domain parameters of the HRV including LF/HF ratio (2.95±0.38 ms2 and 3.60±0.70 ms2 , respectively for week 1 and 6, p>0.05). The data show that HPA axis activity, but not that of the ANS, remains higher 1week after the earthquake but decreases afterwards towards the sixth week, suggesting that the HPA axis might be responsible for the long-term effects of a traumatic event like a strong earthquake.

VEGETATIVE REACTIVITY OF CHILDREN WITH STREPTOCOCCAL TONSILITIS ON THE BACKGROUND OF HERPES VIRAL INFECTION

Streptococcal infection in children, its complications and adverse long-term consequences remain an urgent problem in pediatrics. Scientists continue to search for factors that shape the course of the disease. One of them is the timely and adequate response of the autonomic nervous system, which provides both short-term and long-term strategic adaptation of the organism. Violations of this adaptation can lead to the presence of comorbid conditions, which are increasingly common. The share of children is growing. infected with the herpes virus group, including human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6).&#x0D; &#x0D; The aim of the work was to study the state of vegetative reactivity (VR) of children with streptococcal tonsillitis on the background of HHV-6 infection. In 68 children aged 4 - 15 years with tonsillitis of streptococcal etiology of moderate severity, vegetative reactivity was determined by cardiointervalography (CIG) followed by analysis of heart rate variability (CP) depending on the presence or absence of concomitant HHV-6 type of infection. The studies were performed in the acute period of the disease and in the period of early convalescence. The control group consisted of 20 healthy children, similar in age and sex. Static processing of the obtained results was performed using Excel and Statistica 6.0 using parametric and non-parametric research methods.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results.&#x0D; In the acute period of streptococcal tonsillitis in children of both groups there was a decrease in the humoral component in the regulation of the system and the level of activity of the parasympathetic ANS, as evidenced by a decrease in Mo and ΔX, independent of background, p&gt; 0.05. There was an activation of the influence of the sympathetic link of the VNS, increased the degree of centralization of heart rate control in all patients, and this was confirmed by an increase in AMO and IN. Prior to the convalescence period, CIG parameters were restored only in patients without concomitant VGL-6 infection, and the interrelationships of the sympathetic and parasympathetic links of the VNS were restructured with increasing role of the latter. In patients with concomitant VGL-6 infection, the values ​​of ΔX and IN differed significantly from the control group, p˂0.05. Thus, in children with streptococcal tonsillitis on the background of HHV-6 infection, there was a decrease in the level of functioning of the sympathetic VNS, but complete recovery did not occur, indicating instability of adaptation processes, depletion of the parasympathetic VNS, which hides the possibility of failure of adaptation, recurrence of the disease and / or chronicity, the development of secondary disorders of the cardiovascular system.&#x0D; Conclusions.&#x0D; The acute period of streptococcal tonsillitis is accompanied by stress of the sympathetic VNS, the severity of which does not depend on the presence of concomitant herpes virus infection. In the period of convalescence of streptococcal tonsillitis in the presence of children with HHV-6 infection there is no complete recovery of autonomic reactivity, among which the most informative are ΔX and IN.

VvANR silencing promotes expression of VvANS and accumulation of anthocyanin in grape berries.

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology was applied to silence VvANR in cv. Zaoheibao grape berries, and the effects of VvANR silencing on berries phenotype; gene expression level of ANS, LAR1, LAR2, and UFGT; enzyme activity of ANS; and accumulations of anthocyanin and flavan-3-ol were investigated. At the third day after treatment, the VvANR silenced grape berries began to turn red slightly, which was 2days earlier than that of the control group. And the flavan-3-ol content in VvANR-silenced grape berries had been remarkable within 1 to 5days, the ANR enzyme activity in VvANR-silenced grapes extremely significantly decreased in 3days, and LAR enzyme activity also decreased, but the difference was not striking. The ANS enzyme activity of the transformed berries was significantly higher than that of the control after 3days of infection, and it was exceedingly significantly higher than that of the control after 5 to 10days. The content of anthocyanin in transformed berries increased of a very marked difference within 3 to 15days. pTRV2-ANR infection resulted in an extremely significant decrease in the expression of VvANR gene, and the expression of VvLAR1, VvLAR2, VvMYBPA1, VvMYBPA2, and VvDFR were also down-regulated. However, the expression of VvANS and VvUFGT was up-regulated significantly. After VvANR silencing via VIGS, VvANR expression in grape berries was extremely significantly decreased, resulting in decreased ANR enzyme activity and flavan-3-ol content; berries turned red and deeper in advance. In addition, VvANR silencing can induce up-regulation of VvANS and VvUFGT expression, significantly increase ANS enzyme activity, and increase of anthocyanin accumulation.

Association of salivary steroid hormones and their ratios with time-domain heart rate variability indices in healthy individuals.

BackgroundStress system consists of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the locus caeruleus/norepinephrine-autonomic nervous system (ANS). Traditionally, HPA axis activity is evaluated by measuring its end-product cortisol, while the activity of ANS is assessed using heart rate variability (HRV) indices. Alterations in cortisol levels and HRV measures during laboratory-based stress tasks were extensively studied in previous research. However, scarce data exist on the associations of HRV measures with the levels of other adrenal steroid hormones under baseline conditions. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the activity of the HPA axis by measuring salivary cortisol, cortisone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels, and their ratios and to examine its association with HRV measures in a sample of healthy young and middle-aged adults.MethodsFor each participant (n=40), three data collection sessions taking place at the same time of the day were scheduled within five working days. Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire on sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, filled out t h e Perceived Stress Scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Also, saliva samples were collected, and physiological measures, including resting HR and HRV, were recorded during three data collection sessions.ResultsStatistically significant associations between diminished parasympathetic vagal tone evaluated by time domain HRV measures and higher salivary cortisol, lower DHEA levels, as well as decreased DHEA to cortisol ratio, were found. Also, physiological stress indicators (i.e., HRV) showed greater intraindividual stability compared with biochemical biomarkers (i.e., salivary steroid hormones) within five days.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that both cortisol and DHEA mediate the link between two stress-sensitive homeostatic systems.

Psycho-emotional status and vegetative resistance in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia on the background of angina pectoris

Objective — to assess the psycho‑emotional status and autonomic resistance in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) against the background of stable angina pectoris (SAP).Methods and subjects. A total of 90 patients (61 male and 29 female) were examined, the mean age was 60.6 ± 7.8 years with CCI against the background of SAP II (first group n = 45) and III FC (second group, n = 45) of functional type. Control group comprised 30 patients (10 male and 20 female, mean age 55.27 ± 5.47) with CCI without stable exertional angina or post stroke cardio sclerosis. All patients underwent a comprehensive study of vegetative status, which included a survey by A. M. Wayne’s scheme for assessing vegetative subjective and objective symptoms, Kerdo’s vegetative index, Hildebrant index, ortho‑clinostatic test, and vegetative samples for evaluating vegetative reactivity. The level of anxiety and depression was assessed using the HADS and Spielberger — Hanin scale.Results. In terms of the Hildebrant vegetative index, the prevalence of mixed vegetative tonus was found in both the main and control groups, but in the group of patients with HIM against the background of SAP III FC, sympathicotonia was almost 3.5 times more frequent than in the first group and 5 times more frequent than in the control group. It was found out that in patients with CCI with SAP III FC, there were statistically significantly more patients with a high level of both reactive and personal anxiety.Conclusions. In the group of patients with CCI against the background of SAP III FC, a high level of depression and anxiety, reactive and personal anxiety was revealed, which causes pronounced autonomic dysfunction, which was manifested by insufficient vegetative support and the predominance of sympathicotonia in these patients. Detected autonomic dysfunction is one of the mechanisms of progression of SAP in patients with CCI. In ischemic heart disease (IHD), a marked myocardial remodeling and restructuring of the heart’s ANS occurs, causing the activation of the sympathoadrenal system and a decrease in the activity of the parasympathetic ANS, and thereby reduces the duration of painless myocardial ischemia and increases the duration of spontaneous angina attacks.

14-3-3 proteins from Vitis vinifera bind to and modulate the anthocyanidin synthase activity in vitro

14-3-3 proteins are regulatory proteins that play a major role in a lot of important processes in plants, but their role in the regulation of the secondary metabolism is still poorly documented. For the first time, we demonstrated that the activity of ANS, an important enzyme of the flavonoid pathway, can be modulated in vitro by 14-3-3 proteins in grapevine.

TAT-Modified Gold Nanoparticle Carrier with Enhanced Anticancer Activity and Size Effect on Overcoming Multidrug Resistance.

Highly efficient targeted delivery is crucial for successful anticancer chemotherapy. In this study, we developed a drug delivery system ANS-TAT-AuNP that loads anticancer molecule 2-(9-anthracenylmethylene)-hydrazinecarbothioamide (ANS) via conjugation with cell-penetrating peptide TAT modified AuNPs. The in vitro study showed that the IC50 value of ANS-TAT-AuNPs3.8nm reduced by 11.28- (24 h) and 12.64-fold (48 h) after incubation with liver hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells compared to that of free ANS, suggesting that TAT modified AuNPs could enhance the antiproliferative activity of ANS. Also, ANS-TAT-AuNPs showed a size effect on overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR). The potential of ANS-TAT-AuNPs in overcoming MDR was assessed with MCF-7/ADR drug-resistant cell line, the drug resistance index (DRI) of which was extremely high (>190). The DRI of ANS-TAT-AuNPs22.1nm decreased dramatically to 1.48 (24 h) and 2.20 (48 h), while that of ANS-TAT-AuNPs3.8nm decreased to 7.64 (24 h) and 7.77 (48 h), indicating that ANS-TAT-AuNPs22.1nm could treat extremely resistant MCF-7/ADR cancer cells as drug sensitive ones. The data suggest that the larger AuNPs had more profound effect on overcoming MDR, which could effectively prevent drug efflux due to their size being much larger than that of the p-glycoprotein channel (9-25 Å).

Study of autonomic sympatho-vagal modulation in different trimesters of pregnancy

Introduction: Various physiological conditions are known to influence functional activity of ANS and one such state is pregnancy. Pregnancy is associated with profound but temporary and reversible hemo-dynamic changes in mother to support fetal development and growth but without permanent deleterious effects in the mother. Material & Methods: Functional status of Autonomic Nervous System during 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy was studied in 75 pregnant women in all three trimesters of pregnancy (25 each) and results were compared among them and with another 25 non-pregnant women taken as control. Parasympathetic activity was assessed by Standing to Lying down ratio, 30:15 ratio, Valsalva ratio and Tachycardia ratio. The assessment of sympathetic activity was done by tests viz. CPT, HGT and GSR. Results: Parasympathetic activity was significantly reduced in 3rd trimester of pregnancy in comparison to non-pregnant controls as well as 1st and 2nd trimesters. The sympathetic activity showed significant rise in sympathetic nervous system activity during 3rd trimester of pregnancy in comparison with the changes in non-pregnant controls as well as 1st & 2nd trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: Although ANS play a central role in the adaptation of hemodynamic to various demands of pregnancy yet its failure to achieve the required goal during different trimesters of pregnancy is poorly understood and needs to be investigated. This havoc of sympatho-vagal modulation in pregnancy can be attributed to orthostatic dys-regulation occurring due to deficiency of autonomic nervous control mechanisms in pregnancy and we have tried to prove this in our study.

Pt nanoparticles modified Au nanowire array for amperometric and potentiometric detection of glucose

A new glucose biosensor, based on the modification of highly ordered Au nanowire arrays (ANs) with Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) and subsequent surface adsorption of glucose oxidase (GOx), is described. Morphologies of ANs and ANs/PtNPs were observed by scanning electron microscope. The electrochemical properties of ANs, ANs/GOx, ANs/PtNPs, and ANs/PtNPs/GOx electrodes were compared by cyclic voltammetry. Results obtained from comparison of the cyclic voltammograms show that PtNPs modification enhances electrochemical catalytic activity of ANs to H2O2. Hence, ANs/PtNPs/GOx biosensor exhibits much better sensing to glucose than ANs/GOx. Optimum deposition time of ANs/PtNPs/GOx biosensor for both amperometric and potentiometric detection of glucose was achieved to be 150 s at deposition current of 1 × 10−6 A. A sensitivity of 0.365 μA/mM with a linear range from 0.1 to 7 mM was achieved for amperometric detection; while for potentiometric detection the sensitivity is 33.4 mV/decade with a linear range from 0.1 to 7 mM.

P01-221 - Autonomic nervous system in euthymic patients with bipolar affective disorder

BackgroundAutonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction and reduced heart rate variability (HRV) have been reported in a wide variety of psychiatric disorders, but have not been well characterized in bipolar patiens in remission. We recorded cardiac activity and assessed HRV in bipolar outpatients in remission.AimsAscertain if ANS decrease with the age of the patient; ascertain relation between activity of ANS and level of dissociation, and other components (age of patients, and age of disorder, dosage of psychotropic medication)MethodsAutonomic nervous system (ANS) has been evaluated during orthostatic change in three positions (1- lie down 5 minutes, 2 – stand up 5 minutes, 3 – lie down 5 minutes). The functioning of the ANS has been measured by the diagnostic systems that are using the power spectral analysis which quantifies the heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed using time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear analyses in 23 bipolar patients in remission.ResultsWe found highly statistically significant negative correlations between level of dissociation measured by DES and most of parameters of ANS. We found negative correlations between the age of the patient and activity of ANS, and negative correlations between activity of ANS and duration and onset of disorder.ConclusionsAutonomic dysregulation is associated with bipolar disorder in remission and has relation to level of dissociation and probably to age of patiens and age of onset and duration of disorder.Supported by grant IGA MZ ČR NT11047

Mechanism of Unfolding of Goat Lung Cystatin During Urea and Guanidine Hydrochloride Induced Denaturation

Cystatins essentially regulate lysosomal cysteine protease besides affecting several physiological processes. In the present study, denaturation of a high molecular weight cystatin (Mr 66.4 kDa) purified from goat lung (GLC-I) has been studied by monitoring its inhibitory activity, intrinsic fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), and binding of ANS. It was found that increasing concentration of GdnHCl significantly enhances the inactivation and unfolding of the purified inhibitor (GLC-I) with complete loss of inhibitory activity at 4 M GdnHCl. Denaturation of GLC-I in the presence of GdnHCl is accompanied by red shift (15 nm) of the emission maximum as shown by intrinsic fluorescence. The inhibitory activity of GLC-I was increased by 1.5 fold at 2 M urea; however, it decreased with further increased of the urea concentration. Intrinsic fluorescence studies of GLC-I in the presence of 0–3 M urea shows blue shift of 5 nm, suggesting stabilization of the inhibitor followed by 5 nm red shift at higher concentration. ANS binding studies in the presence of urea indicate significant changes in the tertiary structure of the inhibitor. Thus, our result shows denaturation profile of GLC-I following simple two state transitions in the presence of GdnHCl while it proceeds through an intermediate state in the presence of urea.