Center Of Activity Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF SUPERIOR COMMODITIES AND DETERMINATION OF AGROPOLITAN ACTIVITY CENTER IN SANROBONE

The Takalar Regency Spatial Plan designates the Sanrobone sub-district as an area for the cultivation of food crops, horticultural crops, and plantations. Agriculture in Sanrobone plays a crucial role in fulfilling food needs and driving economic growth in rural areas. The research aims to identify superior commodities, determine the agropolitan activity center, and develop strategies for the agropolitan area in the Sanrobone sub-district. The study was conducted from June to November 2022, covering six villages in the Sanrobone sub-district. The analytical techniques employed include LQ analysis, Shift share analysis, Klassen typology, qualitative descriptive analysis, and SWOT analysis. The research findings reveal that the superior commodity of Sanrobone is Chili Pepper, while prospective commodities are Corn and Paddy, and the lagging commodity is Seagrass. The agropolitan activity center is the main farming town in Banyuanyara, with production centers in the village of Tonasa, and farmer collection towns in Paddinging, Ujung Baji, Lagaruda, and Sanrobone. The recommended strategy is a progressive approach, where empowering farmer groups can enhance the economy, especially in the agricultural sector. Encouraging farmer groups in each village to actively participate in established joint farming groups can boost the potential of food crop agriculture in each village and contribute to the development of the agropolitan area.

Analysis of the Queuing System and the Access Bridge of the Kuningan LRT Station

LRT or Light Rail Transit is an alternative to mass transportation from the outskirts to the city center, helping to cut travel time and is integrated with public transportation and activity center locations. LRT effectiveness needs to be supported by LRT stations, the factors included are passenger queues and access bridge. This research delves into an analysis of the queuing system and access bridge at Kuningan LRT station, Jakarta, focusing on the expected waiting time in the system (card tapping time) and the queue at the north and south entrances. The research methodology involved a combination of observation and analytical methods, including data collection on the dimension of the access bridge and LRT station and the use of Queuing theory with multiple single servers' models for data analysis. The research findings reveal that during peak hours, with an estimated daily influx of 10,990 passengers arriving at Kuningan LRT and 10,096 departing from it, the average number of people in the queue is less than one person, with no prolonged queues. The analysis of data presented in this study reveals that the design and construction of the Kuningan LRT access bridge align closely with the pertinent development regulations. The study contributes to the knowledge of queuing systems and provides insights into the number of people estimated to be queuing at the Kuningan LRT station and to forecast how many queues may form during peak hours.

The Environmental Impacts of Automated Vehicles on Parking: A Systematic Review

Automated Vehicles (AVs) can drop off passengers at predetermined destinations and relocate to less expensive, remote parking facilities, which offers the potential to repurpose valuable urban land near activity centers for alternative uses beyond vehicle storage. While some researchers believe AVs are the core element to solving parking problems, relieving urban land use, and enabling low-emission travel, others contend that AVs could incentivize increased Vehicles Miles Traveled (VMT) and exacerbate congestion. To bridge these disparate perspectives, this study endeavors to elucidate the environmental ramifications of AVs on parking through a comprehensive literature review. Based on an initial sample of 299 retrieved papers, 52 studies were selected as the result of the selection criteria detailed in the paper. The selected papers were categorized into five gradual parts to answer the raised research questions. As a principal finding of this study, our research provides city planners, traffic operators, and scholars with full-picture insights and trustworthy guidance, emphasizing the pivotal role of AVs in deciphering the sustainable impact on the urban environment.

Photo-enzyme-polymerized hydrogel platform exhibits photo-switchable redox reversibility for diabetic wound healing

Redox homeostasis catalyzed by series oxidoreductases is important to maintain normal physiological functions, including mutually contradictory reactive oxygen species generation or reduction by separated enzyme regulation during cellular metabolism. The unidirectional enzyme regulation of redox homeostasis by biocatalytic reaction is an emerging catalytic medicine approach to disease biomimetic treatments. Bioinspired by photosynthesis, an efficient photo-enzyme-coupled hydrogel platform (Gel) with a spatio-temporally controlled hydrogel network was constructed through photoenzymatic-initiated radical polymerization in the absence of the corresponding enzyme substrate. Then, the coupling mechanism of light-induced electron transfer-enzyme activity center allosteric was explored through free radical analysis and theoretical calculations. The photo-switchable redox performance has been demonstrated based on the special anaerobic dehydrogenases, the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-centered dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) platform. At last, both in vitro and in vivo biological effects have been verified to evaluate the bidirectional oxidation/antioxidant modulation for the complicated wound healing in diabetic mice and wound-infected animals. The photoenzymatic coupling dehydrogenase-laden hydrogel platform proposed in this work provides ideas for the engineering design of enzymes, and the physical-biochemical regulatory mechanisms also offers a theoretical basis for controllable activation of enzyme activity, allowing for potential biomedical applications in metabolic processes.

Program Digitalisasi Dorong Perekonomian Masyarakat Di Kelurahan Kampung Pondok, Kecamatan Padang Barat Kota Padang

The model of electronic commerce (e-commerce) is developing very rapidly. In the business world, business people, especially online shop owners take this golden opportunity by making social media as one of the marketing media. Kampung Pondok Village is one of the centers of economic activity in Padang City, even West Sumatra. The majority of the people of Kelurahan Kampung Pondok are trades. One of the trade activities is the Kerupuk Jariang Rajo-Rajo. The Kerupuk Jariang Rajo-Rajo business has been in great demand by consumers even from neighboring countries and many other businesses are marketed manually through shop stores around the village of kampung cottage. The application of technology and information causes changes in new habits in the business field. The use of E-Commerce as a marketing medium that uses internet media is currently not difficult to reach by all circles. So that healthy and safe internet use needs to be instilled from an early age through learning healthy internet ethics in this Kampung Pondok district. socialization and introduction of how it is necessary to introduce good and appropriate internet use so as to make the people of Kampung Pondok Internet smart and able to marketing UMKM products on the Internet.

Muscle synergies in joystick manipulation.

Extracting muscle synergies from surface electromyographic signals (sEMGs) during exercises has been widely applied to evaluate motor control strategies. This study explores the relationship between upper-limb muscle synergies and the performance of joystick manipulation tasks. Seventy-seven subjects, divided into three classes according to their maneuvering experience, were recruited to perform the left and right reciprocation of the joystick. Based on the motion encoder data, their manipulation performance was evaluated by the mean error, standard deviation, and extreme range of position of the joystick. Meanwhile, sEMG and acceleration signals from the upper limbs corresponding to the entire trial were collected. Muscle synergies were extracted from each subject's sEMG data by non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), based on which the synergy coordination index (SCI), which indicates the size of the synergy space and the variability of the center of activity (CoA), evaluated the temporal activation variability. The synergy pattern space and CoA of all participants were calculated within each class to analyze the correlation between the variability of muscle synergies and the manipulation performance metrics. The correlation level of each class was further compared. The experimental results evidenced a positive correlation between manipulation performance and maneuvering experience. Similar muscle synergy patterns were reflected between the three classes and the structure of the muscle synergies showed stability. In the class of rich maneuvering experience, the correlation between manipulation performance metrics and muscle synergy is more significant than in the classes of trainees and newbies, suggesting that long-term training and practicing can improve manipulation performance, stability of synergy compositions, and temporal activation variability but not alter the structure of muscle synergies determined by a specific task. Our approaches and findings could be applied to 1) reduce manipulation errors, 2) assist maneuvering training and evaluation to enhance transportation safety, and 3) design technical support for sports.

The relationship between the large-scale relative vorticity fields and precipitation over Iran

Abstract This study examines the relationship between relative vorticity, a key variable in mid-latitude synoptic motions, and precipitation in Iran. Using the S-mode PCA, activity centers of relative vorticity and precipitation were identified. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was applied to the factor scores of these centers to reveal coupled patterns of relative vorticity and precipitation. The analysis is based on 500- and 850-hPa relative vorticity fields at 2.5° grid points (10°–70° E and 10°–70° N) and uses monthly relative vorticity values from NCEP-DOE reanalysis databases (1981–2020) along with standardized rainfall data from 97 Iranian synoptic stations. Three main CCA patterns reveal connections: 500-hPa relative vorticity changes in the eastern Mediterranean, Middle East, and Iran relate to eastern Iran's precipitation. Relative vorticity over Eastern Europe inversely correlates with southern Caspian Sea coast precipitation. Changes over Turkey and Cyprus can affect northwestern Iran's rainfall. The changes in 850-hPa relative vorticity over the Arabian Sea inversely link to eastern Iran's precipitation, while those over the eastern Mediterranean directly connect to western Iran's precipitation. Relative vorticity changes in Eastern Europe negatively correlate with southwestern Caspian Sea coast precipitation.

Climatology of Large Peak Current Cloud‐to‐Ground Lightning Flashes in China’s Most Populous Areas

AbstractUsing a 10‐year data set of cloud‐to‐ground lightning (CG) flashes, the climatological characteristics of ±CG flashes with a large peak current (>75 kA or <−75 kA) (±LPCCGs) are for the first time obtained in China’s most populous areas in terms of density distribution, seasonal variation, and monthly and diurnal evolution. The results show that the distribution of +LPCCG flashes has evident seasonal variations, while the activity center of −LPCCG flashes always remains in Southwest China. The diurnal evolution of +LPCCG flash percentages in southern China’s Mainland shows an opposite trend to that in the north. Furthermore, the peak current distributions of +LPCCG flashes in most of China’s mainland are found to be distinct from those shown in other regions of the world. Additionally, Southwest China is found to be an important and special area for LPCCG flash activity in China. Not only is it the density center of ±LPCCG flashes, but the peak current distribution of −LPCCG flashes in this region also shows an evidently different pattern from those in other regions. The diurnal evolution of the ‐LPCCG/+LPCCG flash frequencies in Southwest China also shows a different pattern from that in other regions.

Pembinaan Karakter Bagi Anak-Anak Putus Sekolah Pada Program Kesetaraan Pendidikan di Kota Padang

This study seeks to elucidate the pivotal role played by community learning activity centers in fostering character development through educational activities. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, this research employed purposive sampling to select informants. Data was gathered through interviews, observations, and documentation, with data validity established through source triangulation. Subsequently, data underwent analysis involving reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings of this investigation reveal that PKBM Farilla Ilmi utilizes various coaching strategies (Package A, B, and C) to guide students, including setting an example, instilling habits, offering constructive feedback, and employing a relational approach. These strategies are primarily motivated by students' spiritual needs, with observed outcomes including notable improvements in student behavior. Specifically, students exhibit enhanced discipline in meeting task deadlines and punctuality. Moreover, they display increased politeness when interacting with adults, demonstrate respect for both parents and peers, and exhibit greater honesty.

Forecasting wildlife movement with spatialcapture–recapture

AbstractWildlife movement is an important process affecting species population biology and community interactions in myriad ways. Studies of wildlife movement have focused on retrospectively estimating movements of small numbers of individuals by outfitting them with GPS and telemetry tags. Recent developments in spatial capture–recapture modelling permit the integration of movement models that can estimate the movement of untagged and undetected individuals. Additionally, hidden Markov movement models provide a framework for forecasting individuals' movements, which may be valuable in the conservation of threatened species facing risks that vary across space and time.We describe maximum likelihood estimators for spatial capture–recapture models integrated with simple, biased and correlated random walk movement models formulated as hidden Markov models. Additionally, we demonstrate how to forecast wildlife movement based on these models and hidden Markov model algorithms. We conducted a simulation study to test the performance of the models' abundance estimators and movement forecasts when fit to data simulated under different movement models. We also fit the models to spatial capture–recapture data collected on North Atlantic right whales off the Atlantic Coast of the southeastern United States.Random walk movement models improved abundance estimation and movement forecasts in our simulation study and received greater support from the data in the right whale case study than did activity centre movement models.Forecasts of wildlife movement made under integrated spatial capture–recapture movement models will be most valuable when individuals have been observed recently, when sampling for individuals is extensive and efficient, and when the scale of individuals' movements is small relative to the scale of the study area and sampling process.

STRATEGI PEMASARAN PEDAGANG PASAR TRADISIONAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM

Business in the world of trade is one of the most important things in human life. Every human being needs property and wealth to fulfill their needs. The market is a center of economic activity that encourages and facilitates economic activities for society. The diversity of traders and several underlying factors, both internal and external, make the trading behavior and strategies of traders different. starting from promoting goods, discount prices, bonuses, discounts or selling goods at cheaper prices. Karangampel Indramayu Traditional Market, is one of the markets in the eastern part of Indramayu City. It is a place of trade and service sector activities. This is proven by the existence of a market that is still popular with consumers and middlemen from several regions. strategies carried out by traders on several types of merchandise. Such as giving discounts and bonuses. So it is feared that this could lead to strategy deviations in trading. Such as elements of fraud (gharar), dishonesty, are things that are prohibited in Islamic law. The research method that the author uses is qualitative research with field research. In this research consists of data sources, namely primary data sources (data obtained directly from original sources (not through intermediaries) and secondary data sources (research data sources obtained by researchers indirectly through intermediaries (obtained and recorded by other parties), while for data collection techniques using interviews, documentation and observation. The final step in the research method is data analysis. The research results: show that the marketing strategy carried out by traditional market traders is a mix of marketing (marketing mix) which consists of product, price and promotion. And a strategy that is not appropriate is mixing goods of good quality with those of ordinary quality without being honest about explaining the matter or condition of the merchandise.

Implementation of Education Management in Increasing the Quality of Community Learning Centers

Purpose: This study discusses management implementation in improving the quality of community learning activity centers based on aspects of planning, organizing, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating. Theoretical framework: PKBM today is a critical point in educational competition if there is no good management. PKBM management provides effective as well as positive results in dealing with global challenges so that in line with management is the achievement of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through organizational planning, leadership and control of organizational resources. Design/Methodology/Approach: The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis, while data collection techniques are carried out through interviews and observation. Findings: From the results of the study it was concluded that this PKBM planning can be said to be effective because all programs are well planned and efficient without any problems. The organization of PKBM management so far has been well structured. This can be seen from the division of work management, the distribution of tutor expertise, the existence of each resident study group and scheduling which is also well structured. In this case, the organizing field is also very effective. The implementation of the management carried out at PKBM went according to the initial plan. However, there is only one obstacle that often occurs in learning residents who are often absent during class time, but this has been followed up by the head of PKBM by reminding them of the importance of knowledge. Supervision of PKBM management based on PKBM supervision standards is very effective, it is written that each PKBM must carry out supervisory activities. This has been carried out by PKBM Chairmen who always carry out routine supervision at the beginning, middle and end of the program. At the evaluation stage of PKBM management, it can be seen that almost all of the planned programs can be said to be successful. The evaluation stage is also included in the very effective criteria. This can be seen from the various results obtained. However, the PKBM management only has to fix some of the problems that have occurred, and improve the programs that still have to be maintained in accordance with existing management standards. Research, Practical & Social implications: PKBM institutions need to carry out the latest innovations to improve the quality and progress of PKBM it self Originality/Value: This research was conducted by developing previous research and producing original data.

Electrochemical detection of kynurenic acid in the presence of tryptophan with the carbon paste electrode modified with the flower-like nanostructures of zinc oxide doped with terbium.

With the help of a hydrothermal approach in this study, we could provide flower-like nanostructures (NSs) of zinc oxide (ZnO) doped with Tb (FL-NS Tb3+/ZnO). Then, FL-NS Tb3+/ZnO morphology was investigated by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and map analysis. The results revealed higher activity centers and porosity of this nanocomposite, which were followed by acceptable electrochemical function. Hence, it can be utilized for fabricating an electrochemical sensor with an appropriate response for the simultaneous determination of kynurenic acid (KYN) and tryptophan (TRP). However, as compared with the modified carbon paste electrode (FL-NS Tb3+/ZnO/CPE), the bare carbon paste electrode (BCPE) exhibited a weak response toward KYN and TRP but the modified electrode was followed by a high current response for KYN and TRP at a potential 0.35 and 0.809V. Therefore, cyclic voltammetry (CV) was applied in optimal experimental conditions to study the electrochemical behaviors of KYN and TRP over the surface of the proposed modified electrode. Moreover, we used differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) for quantitative measurements. It was found that this new modified electrode linearly ranged from 0.001 to 700.0μM, with detection limits of 0.34nM and 0.22nM for KYN and TRP, respectively. In addition, KYN and TRP in real samples can be analyzed by this sensor, with a recovery of 97.75%-103.6% for the spiked KYN and TRP in real samples.

Estimation of the aggregation degree of public transport use among elderly people based on urban built environment

With the accelerated aging process, the increased willingness of elderly people to travel, and the concessionary bus travel policy implementation, public transport, especially buses, has become one of the important ways for China's elderly people to participate in social activities. Meanwhile, the increased use of public transport by elderly people results in serious conflicts with commuters. In order to understand details about when, where and why public transport trips of the elderly become large, this study investigates the aggregation degree of public transport use among the elderly as well as its determinants mainly from the viewpoint of spatial characteristics. Based on Smart card data and Baidu Map API, the aggregation degree of public transport use in elderly people is rated on a scale of 1 to 5. And then its correlation to the microscopic built environment is analyzed by using negative binomial regression. The results indicate that public transport use by elderly people is highly aggregative in both spatial and temporal dimensions. It is also found that the urban built environment has a significant effect on the aggregation degree of public transport use in the elderly and significant variables for four time periods on both weekdays and weekends are quite different. The proximity of housing estates, elderly activity centers, universities for the elderly, and medical and shopping facilities near bus stations increases the aggregation degree of public transport use by elderly people. This study will provide a reference basis for optimizing the public transport system in the aging society.

Multispectral method combined with molecular modelling to investigate the binding mechanisms of DBP and DIBP on pepsin

The binding mechanisms of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) with pepsin (PEP) were investigated by multispectral method and computational techniques (molecular docking, molecular dynamics, surface electrostatic potential), as well as cytotoxicity assay. Fluorescence studies revealed that both DBP and DIBP had a static bursting effect on PEP, forming a stable complex. Furthermore, the formation of PEP-DBP/DIBP complexes was observed to occur spontaneously (ΔG < 0), driven by the interactions of hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. PEP exhibits a higher binding constant Ka of DBP (3.30 × 104 L·mol−1) compared to that of DIBP (2.37 × 104 L·mol−1). The higher stability of PEP-DBP complexes can be attributed to the different branching structures of DBP and DIBP, this observation was further supported by the larger negative surface area of DBP (125.90 Å2) in the ESP analysis, and were aligned with the MD simulations results of more stable RMSD and lower Rg value in presence of DBP. Computational analysis revealed that both DBP and DIBP exhibited binding interactions with the fluorescent groups (Tyr 75, Phe 111, and Phe 117) by van der Waals forces. DBP/DIBP binds to the Asp 32 and Asp 215 motifs of the catalytic activity center of PEP. Combined with the lower Rg values, CD tests suggested that the addition of DBP/DIBP caused the rise of α-Helix content thereby compacted the conformation structure of PEP into a compact shape. In addition, DBP generated more hydrogen bonds with PEP compared to DIBP, also as evidence to the higher stability of EPE-DBP. Finally, the IC50 of DBP and DIBP on Caco-2 cells were determined to be 5.16 × 10-4 mol·L-1 and 1.37 × 10-3 mol·L-1, respectively confirming the higher level of toxicity of DBP. The present study elucidates the effect and binding mechanism of DBP/DIBP on PEP at the molecular level, providing fundamental data for the impact and potential risk assessment of PAEs on the human digestive system.

Study on the Application of Activity-Based Costing in Cold Chain Logistics Enterprises under Low Carbon Environment

Currently, a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions has caused a series of problems such as serious environmental degradation, and China is facing enormous pressure to reduce emissions. In terms of meeting the needs of people’s lives, cold chain logistics has undergone faster development, and its carbon emissions are relatively high. In response to the government’s advocacy for green and low-carbon concepts, some technical measures taken will increase the cost of carbon emissions. Identifying measures to reduce carbon emissions using management methods is an ongoing problem that this paper intends to solve. To address the shortcomings of the traditional cost method that cannot accurately account for the cost of each calculation object and ignores the carbon emission cost, this paper constructs an activity-based cost model for cold chain logistics enterprises to more comprehensively account for the operation cost and carbon emission cost. Then, a typical enterprise YS cold chain logistics company is used as a case study for an empirical calculation and analysis. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) the results identify the main activity centers that affect the operating costs and carbon emission costs of different customers; (2) a comparison among the total cost of each project helps to identify high-quality customers; (3) clarifying the carbon emission cost of wasting resources is beneficial for further optimizing the match between production capacity and business volume. This paper provides a path reference for enterprises to efficiently implement logistics cost management and carbon emission control, which can help enterprises cope with cost reduction and efficiency enhancement in a low-carbon environment and promote the long-term development of the logistics industry and environmental protection.

Pre-Mesozoic sediments of the Tunguska sedimentary basin complicated by the products of intrusive trap magmatism: Hydrocarbon potential, development issues and their solutions

The sedimentary basin examined in this paper is the largest of the three main basins of the Siberian Platform: the Tunguska (S &gt; 1.2 million km2), the Irkutsk (S = 825 thousand km2) and the Pre-Verkhoyansk-Vilyui (according to various estimates, from 280 to 350 thousand km2). Meanwhile, in the Tunguska sedimentary basin area (as of 01.01.2023), only seven hydrocarbon fields have been discovered (quite insignificant in terms of reserves), which is a fairly modest result in comparison to the other two above-mentioned sedimentary basins (much smaller in area) and cannot be explained by the fact that the Tunguska sedimentary basin is poorly studied in terms of oil and gas geology prospecting criteria. Despite the considerable amount of information on the geological structure of the Tunguska sedimentary basin obtained during geological surveying, prospecting and thematic works; special studies devoted to detailed structural and facies analysis and the history of formation of the Permian–Triassic intrusive stratum, all of the above is clearly insufficient. The correlation of the northern and southern types of sections of this stratum is also insufficiently developed, considering the role of facies substitution of the tuffs from the southern part of the Tunguska sedimentary basin by the lavas of its northern territories. Regional studies concerning the identification of magmatic activity centers and determination of the main types of natural mechanisms that initiated the global process of trap magmatism are insufficiently presented. The appearance in recent years of the new data on the little- studied areas of the Putorana Plateau in the north of the sedimentary basin made it possible to create a more comprehensive picture and begin to study the history of the formation of the volcanic strata of the entire sedimentary basin. Thus, despite the relatively poor geological study of the Tunguska sedimentary basin and the presence of traps (reservoir and transgressive intrusions) in the section, the oil and gas prospects of this sedimentary basin can be assessed rather optimistically. Most of the predicted and potential hydrocarbon resources are associated with the Vendian–Lower Cambrian and Riphean complexes.

The Current Status and Renovation of Campus Space Planning under the Epidemic

The COVID-19 pandemic had a serious impact on various aspects of urban areas, such as the economy, public health, and planning, especially campuses. This article analyses the spatial use problems faced by historic universities during the pandemic, including poor dormitory environments, lack of leisure spaces, low utilization of green spaces, and unreasonable cafeteria design. To address these problems, the article proposes some corresponding suggestions. For dormitory buildings, it is recommended to activate the ground floor space for medical purposes during the pandemic and develop other functions in the post-epidemic era. For leisure spaces, the article suggests designing independent characteristic spaces from five perspectives, including park areas, fitness facilities, student activity centers, coffee shops, and libraries, to meet the requirements and different needs during the pandemic. For green spaces on campuses, it is recommended to increase interactive function for students rather than leaving them unengaged oases. For cafeteria renovation, it is suggested to increase space utilization, maintain an appropriate dining distance, create independent quanrantine areas to provide separate or exclusive dining spaces and design personalized spaces to improve diners' sense of security and comfort.

Development of Public Spaces: the Impact of Metro Stations Construction on the Formation of the Structure of the Adjacent Territory

The article aims to study the development potential of local urban centers around the rapid transit system with due regard to the historical traditions of urban development and modern urban planning principles. To attain this end, the authors use a set of methods, including site analysis, data collection, classification, and project proposal development. The paper presents the tradition of forming a peripheral public space within the historical boundaries of the city. It is demonstrated that the current development of local public spaces based on peripheral rapid transit stations can be considered a continuation of this tradition at a new historical and technological stage. The authors select metro stations suitable for the formation of local urban centers. To determine the possibility of placing a public space in the vicinity of metro stations, calculations are made for territories included in forty-three metro zones of the peripheral part of the city and thirteen zones of the middle part of the city. Based on a group of indicators for the selected stations, the authors conduct an analysis and compile a table that characterizes the territories near each rapid transit station. As a result, the density and floor space index, passenger traffic per day, and the balance of the adjacent territory for each station were determined. There are draft projects for the development of territories, layouts, and visualizations of the proposed options for building open public spaces. The authors consider scenarios for the placement and transformation of public centers near metro stations. The study reveals how the construction of each metro station affects the adjacent territory. It is worth mentioning that new stations affect not only the lifestyle of citizens, with improved transport accessibility, the status of the territory increases, new centers of social activity, and new public spaces emerge.

Social Empowerment of Uncapable Communities through Formal Education and Informal Education in Cirebon City

This study aims to investigate the social empowerment of underprivileged and low-income communities through both formal and non-formal education in Cirebon City, West Java. The research method used is a literature study that focuses on the theme of Community Social Empowerment, formal and non-formal education. Resources come from secondary data in the form of public documents from the Office of Social Workers and Transmigration; Strategic Plan Document (RENSTRA) Cirebon City Education Office 2016-2021; and relevant literature. The results of the study consist of two sub-discussions. First, social empowerment of underprivileged communities through formal education is carried out in a simple and synergistic manner in accordance with the conditions of the community. Second, empowerment of low-income communities through non-formal channels is carried out through the concept of the Community Learning Activity Center (PKBM) and the Course &amp; Training Institute (LKP). Both educational programs are said to be successful if there is a change for the better where the influence can be seen in the formation of characters such as self-confidence, creativity, and individual independence. The expected implication is that local governments can evaluate the Strategic Plan (RENSTRA) of the Cirebon City Education Office for 2016-2021 and carry out intense collaboration by collaborating with the private sector and educational institutions so that in the future, community social empowerment has a better contribution to national development. Both educational programs are said to be successful if there is a change for the better where the influence can be seen in the formation of characters such as self-confidence, creativity, and individual independence. The expected implication is that local governments can evaluate the Strategic Plan (RENSTRA) of the Cirebon City Education Office for 2016-2021 and carry out intense collaboration by collaborating with the private sector and educational institutions so that in the future, community social empowerment has a better contribution to national development. Both educational programs are said to be successful if there is a change for the better where the influence can be seen in the formation of characters such as self-confidence, creativity, and individual independence. The expected implication is that local governments can evaluate the Strategic Plan (RENSTRA) of the Cirebon City Education Office for 2016-2021 and carry out intense collaboration by collaborating with the private sector and educational institutions so that in the future, community social empowerment has a better contribution to national development.