Activities In India Research Articles

Investment certainty in ESG investing due to COVID-19: evidence from India

This article analyses the impact of COVID-19 on the volatility of ESG investing in India. Furthermore, it assesses the investment certainty in ESG related activities in India after detecting the first case of disease. A generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model has been applied to the S&P BSE 100 ESG Index returns. The results show that after COVID-19, the risk related to the market price of the S&P BSE 100 ESG Index has increased, and the certainty of investment decreased. Further, the result of the GARCH (1, 1) model estimation indicates the presence of a large degree of persistency in the S&P BSE 100 ESG index. In addition, after reporting the first case of COVID-19, unconditional variance has been increased by 211.98%.

Circuits & Systems: An Overview of Academic and Research Activities in India [CAS in the World

This article provides a concise snapshot of research activities that are ongoing at the leading Indian institutes/universities in areas related to Circuits and Systems including the field of Signal and Image Processing. A survey was conducted where invitations were sent to 144 leading researchers requesting them to provide brief information about their research and international collaboration. Fifty four researchers participated by recording their response. The aim of the survey is to capture some of the relevant information of the researchers such as area/sub-area of their current research activities, collaborations, email addresses, along with their affiliations. A consent from them has been sought for sharing their contact information. These are summarized in Section A. In Section B, opportunities of international collaboration and exchange programs currently ongoing at Indian institutions are listed. Finally, Section C outlines the strengths, weaknesses and opportunities with regard to Indian institutions/universities.

Goat Husbandry: An Opportunity to Strengthen Rural Economy in Devipatan Region (Trans-Ghaghara) of Uttar Pradesh

Agriculture is the main economic activity in India which mostly practiced in association with livestock husbandry. Goat is one the most important species of livestock which reared by the poor and socio-economically backward section of rural population. Great market demand for livestock product, diversification of agriculture, rising unemployment level, nutritional requirements, lack of capital to purchase the big ruminants and lack of labour to rear the big animal have fuelled the growth of goat rearing in India. Present study has been under taken to understand the distribution of goat population in time and space, their density and share in total livestock and explore the causes of growth of goat husbandry, in the form of milk and meat production, employment and income generation. The role of goat rearing in rural socio economic transformation has been also explored for development of strategy for alleviation of rural poverty and women economic empowerment in the study area. Devipatan region in Eastern Uttar Pradesh has been selected as the study area to conduct the study. The study has revealed that goat has increased by 21.74 percent in the study area. It also revealed that 20.69 percent Hindu and 78.16 percent are Muslims are rearing goat. The caste-wise involvement shows that there are 20.00 percent Schedule caste, 71.92 other backward castes and 7.69 High caste goat farmers. The cost –income analysis showed positive performance with income over total production cost at least Rs.11854.00 per female goat per annum which varies with stock size up to Rs.14000.00 for big stock size (more than 12 female adult goat). Moreover, nutrition intake is also improved through consumption of milk produced and indirectly helps in saving expenditure for purchasing milk from outside. 71.79 percent responded in positive for improvement in nutrition intake. Economic women empowerment through this occupation is also enhanced as believed by 83 percent of respondents.

CORONA - WHAT IS NEXT?

COVID-19, first originated in November 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China. The virus spread from China to almost all the countries of the world. India is not an exception to this malady. The virus was carried to India by students studying in China and Indian workers from Italy who returned to India. Italy had become a centre of the corona virus after China. All of a sudden the central government was forced to declare a complete lockdown throughout the country on 25 March 2020. Movement of labourers and all the economic activities came to a standstill. In the initial phase government was committed to prevent the spread of the disease because even advanced countries like USA, France, England, Germany, Italy failed to stop the spread of the virus, leading to large scale human deaths. The Indian economy was rapidly moving towards development. But this pandemic has given a severe blow to all the economic activities in India. Within a month, unemployment rose from 6.7 per cent on 15 March, 26 per cent on 19 April to 7.24 per cent on 20 January 2021 During the lockdown, an estimated 14 crore people lost employment1. This paper discusses what is the next economic situation after COVID-19, that is positive and negative circumstances. This is a controversial subject. So, here I am going to analyze what are the situation we will face next and also find out what are the solution recommended by the government to overcome this current scenario with the help of secondary data collection.

A critical study of entrepreneurship and philanthropic activities of diaspora in India

This study investigates the issues and find out the nature and extent of entrepreneurial and philanthropic diaspora contributions to socio-economic development in India, the impact and influence of Indian outbound migrants and its impact and contributions to Indian entrepreneurial activities, and extent of contribution to philanthropic activities in India. Moreover, most of the reasons of migration are for business motive, migration after marriage, search of better employment opportunities and to live good quality of life. These migrations create major changes in population dispersion and have its effects on the cities and states of India. The migration which happens inside the country by nature is classified as internal or inbound migration Therefore, This study is to explore various types of motives and purpose which induce people to migrate such type of activities and also propose a holistic model for Indian entrepreneurial and philanthropic diaspora.

Development and implementation of sustainability criteria and indicators for eco-lodges and resorts in ecotourism destinations: Case studies from India

Ecotourism is the fastest advancing and developing market within the tourism enterprise and with faster progress; it's leaving an acute impact on the ecosystem. One of the significant stakeholders that can promote sustainability is ecotourism accommodation providers. In order to minimize their carbon footprint and negative environmental effects, many hotels and resorts around the world have launched innovative cost-saving measures. The sustainability of a destination for ecotourism is partly dependent on the success of local eco-lodges and resorts. Certification has emerged as a strong instrument for helping to conserve natural resources and cultural heritage. The study was planned to develop performance management standard criteria and indicators (C&I) for eco-lodges and resorts in order to track sustainability and current eco-tourism activities in India. The main objective is to ensure the fulfillment of the goals of ecotourism and to evaluate the working standard that is practiced in different destinations. After the stakeholder consultation, the draft standard of criteria and indicators was developed and accompanied by a comprehensive primary survey. To test the parameters of C & I, a case study review was performed across 10 prominent eco-lodges in India, which are located near ecotourism destinations. The findings of the study include the natural, social and economic aspects, along with a set of 3 principles, 5 criteria, and 86 indicators to determine the sustainable functioning of eco-lodges and resorts. Implementation of the C & I on the resorts showed that only two resorts were fully fulfilling all the C & I showing their activeness toward better sustainable management of their operations Best practice examples from different hotels of different sizes, ownership, and locations across India are also mentioned in the paper. Such examples reflect green management initiatives that support local communities, protect natural resources and cultural practices, etc.

A Study on Indian Public Policy and Proposal for Linking Income Tax Regime to Promote Entrepreneurship Schemes

In recent days, Indian youths have come up with business ideas to encourage the economy of India through entrepreneurship. However, in recent years, they have struggled to find the right approach to success in their business. But the present government has made a road for them to enlighten their vision through the wisdom of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs and the Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs. This paper aims to provide useful suggestions and recommendations for Indian public policy related to the income tax department and government of India to strengthen the opportunity for India's economy and entrepreneurial activity in India. We know that income for the government of India comes from 15% of income tax as per budget 2022.This paper suggests amending the income tax regime to promote the Gross Domestic Product, promote innovation and entrepreneurship, and provide employment opportunities to the citizens of India. This paper reveals 18 suggestions and recommendations through micro and macro models to create an imperial revolution in Indian public welfare. Further, the paper also discusses about the benefits for various participants involved in the public policy affairs. The suggestions and recommendations provided in this paper cannot be tested without the help of the Ministry of Finance and the Government of India. However, this paper reveals the feasibility of the idea and the viability of increasing the GDP, Indian Currency Value, entrepreneurship promotion, unemployment reduction, and benefits to the taxpayers and country in many ways.

Trade of the Portuguese Royal and Private Traders in India from the 16th to the 19th Century

The 16th–19th centuries was the period that witnessed the ups and downs development of the trade of the Portuguese Crown and the Portuguese private traders in India. In fact, the maritime trade of the Portuguese Crown only developed significantly in the 16th century; from the 17th century, because of different reasons, it declined gradually. Finally, it had to depend on the British at the end of the 19th century. In contrast with the Portuguese Crown trade, although the commerce of the Portuguese private merchants had to face a lot of difficulties, it continued to expand its role and influence during the four centuries (16th–19th). This article summarizes the trade of Portuguese royal and Portuguese private commercial activities in India from the 16th to the 19th century. On that basis, the authors of this article analyze and point out the core characteristics which fully and comprehensively reflect the development of commercial activities of the Portuguese royal family and merchants in India during this period. To conduct this research, the authors rely on the research results of scholars around the world directly or indirectly related to this issue and use two main research methods of Historical Science, including the historical method and the logical method. In addition, the authors also use several other research methods such as analysis, synthesis, statistics, and comparison. The completion of this study will make a scholarly contribution by helping researchers to have a more comprehensive and in-depth view of Portugal’s commercial activities in Asia in general and India in particular from the 16th to the 19th century.

Significant Insights, Value Orientation and Differences Between the Mutual Fund Investment Flow and Indian Stock Market Returns – A Theoretical Assimilation

Researchers and academicians from all over the world have become interested in the study of the causal relationship between mutual fund investment flow and stock market returns in recent years. But there is currently a contradictory body of empirical data on this matter. Additionally, there are a few studies that take the case of India into account. In order to better understand the dynamics of the relationship between mutual fund investment flow and stock market returns in India from January 2000 to May 2010, the following article will do just that. The Granger causality tests are applied using the Toda and Yamamoto approach, which yields evidence of a one-way causal relationship between stock market returns and mutual fund investment flow. This suggests that the expansion of stock market activity in India draws mutual funds to the stock market. Therefore, the government and monetary authorities should take the necessary actions to reduce the volatility and increase the efficiency of the capital market. By gathering money from households and investing it in the stock and debt markets, mutual funds enable portfolio diversification and relative risk aversion. In India, a specific type of mutual fund called fixed-income funds invests in debt securities that have been issued by businesses, banks, or the government. In India, fixed-income funds are also referred to as debt funds and income funds. The goal of the current study is to assess the performance of a few selected debt or income mutual fund schemes in India based on their daily NAV using various statistical measures. In the past ten years, income schemes have become more and more popular. The securities that were purchased are referred to as the fund's portfolio. There may have been restrictions on rival products, which led to the emergence of money market and (short-term) bond funds. In this study, the performance of several mutual fund types in India was compared and studied. The results showed that equities funds outperformed income funds. The study also found that institutional fund managers can time their investments and that equity fund managers have significant market timing ability, but broker operated funds did not demonstrate this ability. Additionally, empirical research has shown that fund managers possess significant timing ability and can time their investments to match market conditions.

Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition Waste

Abstract: Construction activity in India has magnified well within the past decade. Likewise, there has conjointly been a proportion to rise within the generation of construction and demolition waste (C&DW). This, alongside the fact that in India the speed of recycling and reuse of C&DW continues to be quite low and has engendered a heavy environmental downside and a motivation to develop ways and management plans to resolve it. Almost every time the construction and demolition waste end up settling in landfills disrupting the environmental, economic, and social life cycle. Its composition has a significant potential to reuse or recycle C&DW, and thereby, contribute to enhancing the sustainability of construction, however, practical procedures don’t seem to be widely known or practiced within the construction industry. Elements of construction and demolition waste generally embrace concrete, asphalt, wood, metals, roofing, paper, plastic, drywall, and glass. Sustainable development defines as accomplishing the current requirements without compromising the ability of future generations to satisfy their own needs and can be thought of as one of the concrete solutions to resolve construction and demolition waste downside. Sustainable development in construction can facilitate plenty to cut back the issues associated with the environment and natural resources as the construction industry is among the major user of the world’s resources. Sustainable design, correct use, and reuse of the resources/construction materials can create the construction industry a lot more economical and greener. There’s conjointly a large demand for natural aggregates within the construction sector with a big gap in its demand and supply, which may even be reduced marginally by the employment of recycling and reuse of construction and demolition waste. Correct handling, storage, and treatment of C&D waste not only solely forestall degradation of Mother Earth but even have an important impact on sustainability using reducing the usage of natural resources. The paper covers various issues associated with the reusing and recycling of C&D waste, which needs restrictive mechanisms and procedures to be followed for achieving the aim of sustainability in the construction industry.

Research on Indian Architecture Safety Management Mode

There are about 8.5 million workers employed in the construction activities in India. The construction workers constitute a major portion of the unorganized labour and characterized by their casual nature of employment, temporary relationship with the employer, prolonged and uncertain working hours, lack of safety and health measures, and inadequacy of basic amenities and welfare facilities. There are many legislation providing safeguards for the contract workers in India. The construction safety has been made legally enforceable after the enactment of The Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 and Central Rules 1998. This paper details on various statutory provisions for construction safety in India with specific reference to the BOCW Act, Central Rules and State Rules.

Mergers and Acquisitions in the Indian Sub-Continent: 2010-2019

With rising growth rates and per capita income levels on the Indian subcontinent, foreign direct investment in the region, especially through mergers and acquisitions, has increased over the past decade. Using transaction data regarding the industry affiliation of the target and acquiring firms, deal size, deal structure, and deal completion rates from a worldwide M&A database compiled by Thomson Reuters’ Financial Services, this paper aims to provide contemporary and comparative information on merger and acquisition (M&A) activity in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka over the last decade, 2010-2019. The findings have shown that the M&A transaction value and the number of deals in these four South Asian countries increased over this period. Similarities and differences among the four countries are discussed and compared. There was significant growth in the number of deals completed as well as the transaction value of mergers and acquisition activity in India, followed by Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Surprisingly, Sri Lanka had the second largest number of M&A deals, followed by Pakistan and Bangladesh. The findings show that Pakistan accounted for the second highest transaction value, followed by Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. It is interesting to note that the Sri Lankan M&A market had a high ratio (60 percent) of Sri Lankan firms acquiring other Sri Lankan firms, while in Bangladesh, non-Bangladeshi companies accounted for ninety-three percent of the value of all large M&A deals. Our future expectation for M&A opportunities in these four countries of the Indian subcontinent is that they will continue to expand. Future trends, important caveats, policy issues, and implications for managers planning M&A deals in the region are presented.

Educational Intervention to Improve the Knowledge, Attitude, Practices of Health Care Professionals and Students Regarding the Pharmacovigilance in Tertiary Care Hospitals

Introduction: An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is any noxious, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug, which occurs at the doses which are used in humans for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy, which is reported by ‘‘the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problem” known as PV. ADRs are significantly underreported worldwide. A KAP survey usually conducted to collect information on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices about general and/or specific topics of a particular population.
 Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the KAP studies on the educational intervention to improve the knowledge, attitude, practice of health care professionals and students regarding the pharmacovigilance in tertiary care hospitals. To evaluate, assess and evaluate the measures the knowledge, attitude and practice of PV among students and Health Care Professionals in tertiary care hospital of India.
 Methods: Pharmacists and HCPs were asked to complete a paper-based 21 item questionnaire.
 Results: A total of 250 pharmacists received the questionnaire and 214 agreed to participate, giving a response rate of 85.6%. In knowledge, component of ADR were known by 71.2% and the term PV and ADR were answered correctly (97.3%). In practice 55.9% attended the PV workshop and 88.8% were willing to implement ADR reporting in practice.
 Conclusion: Most of the participants had relatively better knowledge and practice towards PV and ADR reporting. Majority of the health care professional felt ADR reporting to be important. The study also shows, after counseling to them we got better response and results than before. The finding of our study suggests that there is scope for improving the ongoing Pharmacovigilance activities in India. There is a need for continuing educational initiatives for pharmacist and other health care professionals.

Famines and likelihood of consecutive megadroughts in India

Consecutive failures in the summer monsoon rainfall led to widespread and severe droughts with profound implications for agricultural activities in India. However, the likelihood of successive megadroughts in India’s past and future climate remain poorly understood. Using Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) from the Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas (MADA), we show that the major famines that affected millions of people during 1200–2018 were linked with summer monsoon droughts. Four megadroughts covering more than 40% of the country occurred for two consecutive summer monsoon seasons during 1200–2018. The most recent and severe megadrought occurred in 2002–2003. Simulations from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) for the last millennium (850–2005) ensemble (LME) show that the likelihood of two and three-year consecutive megadroughts during the summer monsoon is about 0.7 and 0.3 events per 100 years, respectively. Large ensemble simulations from CESM (CESM-LE) show a decline in the frequency of megadroughts in the future. Summer monsoon megadroughts are strongly associated with the warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the Pacific Ocean in the past and future climate. Substantial warming under the projected future climate can cause megadroughts under near-normal precipitation during the summer monsoon season. Despite the projected decline in the likelihood of the summer monsoon megadroughts under the warming climate, megadroughts in the future can have considerable implications for India’s food production and water availability.

Construction of Natures and Protests on Instagram: A Study of Virtual Environmental Activism in India During the COVID-19 Pandemic

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in India restricted ‘real world’ protests, shifting dissent to digital spaces. In this article we explore virtual environmental activism on Instagram by looking at two case-studies that gained prominence during this period. The first was the death of a pregnant elephant in Kerala by consuming cracker-laden food meant to deter boars from crop-raiding. The second was an oil and gas leak in Baghjan, an ecologically sensitive region in Assam. Through content analysis of ‘Top’ posts, we thematically classified the representations of nature and non-humans constructed through Instagram visuals, identifying overlaps and contradictions in the two cases. Observing that the images of animals in pain generated massive response, we argue that Susan Sontag’s (2003) framework on the haunting power of images of human suffering can be expanded to include non-humans. These visuals highlight certain creatures, excluding other species and vilifying human communities belonging to the same landscapes. We show how unilinear models of economic development and progress, as well as hierarchical and casteist notions in Hinduism continue to shape environmental debates in India. The religious overtones discount the environmental discourse based on scientific knowledge, and disrupt nuances of community driven action. By tracing the online trajectories of the two protests, we also illustrate how virality limits Instagram activism by sidelining local voices and privileging short-lived consumer action over systemic change.

Corporate Social Responsibility: An Anthropological Approach to Understanding CSR as Global Governance

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a crucial element of development projects, and this has led anthropologists to speculate on the unintended consequences of positioning big busi­ness as givers of aid. Supported by international law and governments that deregulate businesses who practice CSR, corporations move freely across borders into countries whose communities become dependent on corporate aid dollars. Corporations assert their financial might by funneling their aid dollars through partnerships with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the coun­tries where they operate. An examination of the structure of partnerships formed between and among corporations, governments, and NGOs shows that they are imbalanced in their power struc­ture and this imbalance extends to the target populations of CSR programs. This paper examines the ramifications of these power imbalances through an assessment of Coca-Cola's activity in India and Israel alongside a review of the work of anthropologists in the area of CSR. Through this examination, I argue that CSR programs are instilling corporations with political influence that enables them to vie for global governing power, demonstrating that this dynamic has dire conse­quences for both the communities with whom corporations are interacting and the environment.

Augmenting commercial banks’ other income through off-balance sheet activities in relation to their determinants in the Indian banking system

ABSTRACT COVID-19 has a devastating impact on the global economy, particularly on robustness and resilience of emerging and developing economies’ (EMDE’s) economic-cum-financial systems. Reinventing banking practices with strategies are indispensable for sustainable growth. EMDEs like India have distinct country-specific business models. We aim to devise a sustainable model for augmenting banks’ other income; analyzing off-balance sheet (OBS) activities in India, which may be applied in EMDEs’ efficacy. We apply least-squares dummy variables and ordinary least squares models for fixed-effect regression analysis on OBS from 1996-2019. Regulatory determinants like capital adequacy, net non-performing assets, liquidity have more significant impact on OBS than bank-specific variables like bank size or macroeconomic like GDP. OBS can generate revenue is exemplified by strong relation to other income. Findings reveal that while assessing impact of COVID-19 on-balance sheets, banks should prioritize capital and contingency liquidity planning, focusing on OBS activities to augment other income in the revival strategy.

JUDICIAL ACTIVISM IN INDIAN DEMOCRACY

Judicial Activism is a powerful weapon, which the judges have to wield to Sub serves the ends of justice by making the law responsive to the felt necessities of the changing times. The scope of judicial activism varies with the courts power of Judicial Review. The judicial activism is use of judicial power to articulate and enforce what is beneficial for the society in general and people at large. Supreme Court despite its constitutional Limitation has come up with flying colors as a champion of justice in the true sense of The word .JUSTICE…this seven letter word is one of the most debated one sin the entire English dictionary. With the entire world population being linked to it, there is no doubt about the fact that with changing tongues the definition does change. The judicial activism has touched almost every aspect of life in India to do positive justice and in the process has gone beyond, what is prescribed by law or written in black and white. This article covers definition, Theories of judicial activism, development of Judicial Activism in India, Judicial Activism in various periods.

Evolution of Handloom Weaving Activity in India

This paper seeks to place the evolution of handloom weaving activity and its current scenario in Indian economy. Though the handloom weaving of India had a glorious past, the colonial regime shattered the hand spinning culture of traditional handloom sector of India and forced the country as the supplier of raw materials to Britain. Factory-made cheap cloths had replaced the Indian hand-woven fabrics within the country, and weavers lost their employment due to the shutdown of handloom units. Despite such adversity of handloom sector, Indian artisans had stood the test of time and had kept this great craft alive. The phasing out of the MFA has placed India in an advantageous position in international market for handloom.

Role of NGOs in Implementation of CSR Activities in India

Role of NGOs in Implementation of CSR Activities in India