Lipid Peroxidation Activity Research Articles

GC-MS Analysis of Potentially Volatile Compounds of Pleurotus ostreatus Polar Extract: In vitro Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, Immunomodulatory, and Antioxidant Activities.

One strategy to manage resistant pathogens and develop potential anticancer drugs is the search for new, promising, and cost-effective medicinal benefits in the field of bioactive metabolites derived from mushrooms. In the current study, Egyptian cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies polar extract was prepared to evaluate its antimicrobial activities as well as its cytotoxic effect on various cancer cell lines. The Pleurotus ostreatus polar extract (PoPE) was characterized by its phenolic and flavonoid content. The phenolics and flavonoids of PoPE were 6.94 and 0.15 mg/g, respectively. P. ostreatus polar extract showed potent antimicrobial activity against four pathogens, including Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and Escherichia coli. PoPE was found to inhibit Fusarium oxysporum (47%), Fusarium solani (28%) as well as Rhizoctonia solani (21%). PoPE was found to be 13 times more selective and toxic to MCF-7 cells than Vero normal cells, with the lowest IC50 value (4.5 μg/mL), so they were selected to examine the potential cytotoxic effects of PoPE. In MCF-7 cells, PoPE appeared to promote cell cycle arrest in the sub-G1 stage, as well as apoptosis. It significantly increased TNF-α production while decreasing IL-6 levels. PoPE’s total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxide, and glutathione reductase activity were recorded 0.14 ± 0.02 mM/L, 15.60 ± 0.015 nmol/mL, and 9.50 ± 1.30 U/L, respectively. The existence of different bioactive metabolites was investigated via GC-MS, which confirmed the presence of 15 compounds with well-known biological activity.

Epigallocatechin Gallate Modulates Essential Elements, Zn/Cu Ratio, Hazardous Metal, Lipid Peroxidation, and Antioxidant Activity in the Brain Cortex during Cerebral Ischemia.

Cerebral ischemia induces oxidative brain injury via increased oxidative stress. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) exerts anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metal chelation effects through its active polyphenol constituent. This study investigates whether EGCG protection against cerebral ischemia-induced brain cortex injury occurs through modulating lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity, the essential elements of selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu), Zn/Cu ratio, and the hazardous metal lead (Pb). Experimentally, assessment of the ligation group was performed by occlusion of the right common carotid artery and the right middle cerebral artery for 1 h. The prevention group was intraperitoneally injected with EGCG (50 mg/kg) once daily for 10 days before cerebral ischemia. The brain cortex tissues were homogenized and the supernatants were harvested for biochemical analysis. Results indicated that cerebral ischemia markedly decreased SOD, CAT, Mg, Zn, Se, and Zn/Cu ratio and increased malondialdehyde (MDA), Fe, Cu, and Pb in the ischemic brain cortex. Notably, pretreating rats with EGCG before ischemic injury significantly reversed these biochemical results. Our findings suggest that the neuroprotection of EGCG in the ischemic brain cortex during cerebral ischemia involves attenuating oxidative injury. Notably, this neuroprotective mechanism is associated with regulating lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity, essential elements, Zn/Cu ratio, and hazardous metal Pb.

Assessment of In vitro Antioxidant Potential of the Polyphenols and the Sulphated Polysaccharides fractions of Ulva lactuca and Turbinaria ornata

Aims: To assess the in vitro antioxidant potential of the polyphenols and the sulphated polysaccharides fractions from green marine alga Ulva lactuca and brown marine alga Turbinaria ornata.
 Study Design: In the present work, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities were used for the evaluation of the antioxidant potential of the polyphenols and the sulphated polysaccharides fractions from Ulva lactuca and Turbinaria ornata.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Adhiparasakthi College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), G.B. Nagar, Kalavai – 632 506, Tamil Nadu, India.
 Methodology: The polyphenols and the sulphated polysaccharides fractions were extracted from green marine alga Ulva lactuca and brown marine alga Turbinaria ornata, and were assayed for in vitro antioxidant potential using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl raidcal and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities.
 Results: Both the polyphenols and the sulphated polysaccharides fractions were extracted from green marine alga Ulva lactuca and brown marine alga Turbinaria ornata, showed good in vitro antioxidant potential with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities. The percentage of inhibition ranged from 90.37 – 100.0 % inhibition for polyphenols fraction and 68.73 – 95.23 % for sulphated polysaccharides. The IC50 values ranged from 0.185 mg/ml to 0.430 mg/ml.
 Conclusion: Both the polyphenols and the sulphated polysaccharides fractions from Ulva lactuca and Turbinaria ornata are shown to be capable of scavenging a wide range of synthetic and naturally occurring free radicals, and they could be utilized as good natural source of antioxidants. These data may contribute to a rational basis for the use of antioxidant-rich marine algal fractions in the therapy of diseases related to oxidative stress.

Study of Lipid Peroxidation-antioxidant Defense Systems in Rats under Radiation Exposure

Abstract
 BACKGROUND: Experimental data on the effect of a high dose of gamma radiation 6 Gy on the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes and lipid peroxidation products (LPO) are presented immunocompetent organs in the body of animals in the experiment. It was found that the effect of ionizing radiation led to an increase in the level of diene conjugates (DC) and malondialdehyde (MDA), inhibition of the activity of catalase (CАT) and glutathione peroxidase (GlP), glutathione reductase (GlR) enzymes in almost all the studied objects, as a result of which the development of oxidative stress was observed in them. The results of the study indicate serious changes in the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system (AOS) under radiation stress. An imbalance of POL-AOS creates prerequisites for the occurrence of immunopathological conditions, contributing to the development of radiation-related tumor infection. pathologies. Violations of functional relationships of the catalytic redox system.
 AIM: The aim of the study was to study the effect of radiation at a dose of 6 Gy on the parameters of lipoperoxidation and the antioxidant system in experimental rats.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: The work was carried out on 20 male Wistar rats weighing 240 ± 20 g. Experimental animals are divided into two groups: I - normal group; II - group exposed to γ-rays at a dose of 6 Gy.
 RESULTS: After radiation exposure, all objects showed a tendency to increase the product of lipid peroxidation. As is known, the activation of lipid peroxidation is based on excessive generation of reactive oxygen species, which exceeds the physiological capabilities of antioxidant systems that occur after the depletion of enzyme systems.
 CONCLUSION: Based on the results obtained, it was found, that irradiation increases the intensity of the formation of POL products and their accumulation, reduces the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system in immunocompetent organs in irradiated animals, as a result, the lack of the antioxidant system causes oxidative stress in the body.

The potential beneficial effects of polysaccharide peptide on oxidative stress and lipid profile in post myocardial infarction patients: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Indonesia"s Ministry of Research and Technology grants Background Inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation activities contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis leading to myocardial infarction (MI). These sustainable cascade are considered to remain, in fact after the episode of MI. Polysaccharide peptide is renowned to exert anti-oxidative and lipid-lowering effects, thus may impair subsequent post-infarction plaque accumulation. Purpose To evaluate the role of polysaccharide peptide of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium extracts (β-1,3/1,6-D-Glucan) as potent protective antioxidant and lipid-lowering agent in post MI patients. Methods This was a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial in 45 post MI patients who had undergone reperfusion or conservative therapy. The eligible and consenting patients were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) into two groups i.e. treated group (TG) and control group (CG). Treated group was given 180 mg β-1,3/1,6-D-Glucan thrice a day for 90 days, and control group received placebo. Variables measured were nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides. All measurements were conducted at baseline and after 90-days. All patients received guideline-driven therapy throughout the study. Results There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics between the two groups (all p > 0.05). At 90 days, allocation to polysaccharide peptide demonstrated significant increase in NO and SOD (p = 0.020, p = 0.023; respectively) and also significant reduction in MDA (p = 0.001) as compared to placebo. Treated group compared with placebo revealed significant reduction in LDL-C (p = 0.036), but not in total cholesterol, HDL-C and triglycerides (p = 0.105, p = 0.398, p = 0.843; respectively). Conclusions Polysaccharide peptide exhibits potent protective anti-oxidative and lipid-lowering properties in post MI patients. It may offer benefit on top of standard medical treatment. Abstract Figure. Results among treated and control groups Abstract Figure. Box plot comparison among TG and CG

Polyphenolics with Strong Antioxidant Activity from Acacia nilotica Ameliorate Some Biochemical Signs of Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Mice.

Neurotoxicity is a serious health problem of patients chronically exposed to arsenic. There is no specific treatment of this problem. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathological process of neurotoxicity. Polyphenolics have proven antioxidant activity, thereby offering protection against oxidative stress. In this study, we have isolated the polyphenolics from Acacia nilotica and investigated its effect against arsenic-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. Acacia nilotica polyphenolics prepared from column chromatography of the crude methanol extract using diaion resin contained a phenolic content of 452.185 ± 7.879 mg gallic acid equivalent/gm of sample and flavonoid content of 200.075 ± 0.755 mg catechin equivalent/gm of sample. The polyphenolics exhibited potent antioxidant activity with respect to free radical scavenging ability, total antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Administration of arsenic in mice showed a reduction of acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain which was counteracted by Acacia nilotica polyphenolics. Similarly, elevation of lipid peroxidation and depletion of glutathione in the brain of mice was effectively restored to normal level by Acacia nilotica polyphenolics. Gallic acid methyl ester, catechin and catechin-7-gallate were identified in the polyphenolics as the major active compounds. These results suggest that Acacia nilotica polyphenolics due to its strong antioxidant potential might be effective in the management of arsenic induced neurotoxicity.

Plant growth promoting bacteria improve growth and phytostabilization potential of Zea mays under chromium and drought stress by altering photosynthetic and antioxidant responses

Drought in heavy metal polluted arid and semiarid regions severely inhibits the plant growth and phytoremediation potential by affecting photosynthesis, antioxidant defense mechanism, and other biochemical processes. In the present study, we explored the role of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) on Zea mays growth and phytoremediation efficiency in Chromium (Cr) contaminated soils under drought stress by assessing plant stress tolerance, photosynthetic gas exchange activities, chlorophyll fluorescence, and Cr accumulation. Two efficient Cr and drought resistant PGPB with the potential to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and produce plant growth-promoting metabolites even under Cr, drought, or Cr+drought stress conditions were isolated and identified as Providencia sp. (TCR05) and Proteus mirabilis (TCR20). In pot experiments, the inoculation of TCR05 and TCR20 increased the plant growth, pigments, protein, phenolics, and relative water content and decreased the lipid peroxidation, proline, and superoxide dismutase activity under Cr, drought, or Cr+drought conditions. Irrespective of stress treatment, TCR05 and TCR20 also improved plant photosynthetic efficiency by increasing the CO 2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance to water vapor, transpiration rate, maximum quantum efficiency of PSII, actual quantum efficiency of PSII, electron transport rate, photochemical quenching, reducing the internal CO 2 concentration and non-photochemical quenching. Besides, the PGPB decreased the translocation of Cr through immobilization of Cr in root. These results denoted that strains TCR05 and TCR20 could be a capable bio-inoculant for improving plant growth and phytostabilization practices in Cr contaminated sites even under water-limited conditions. • Potential Cr(VI) reducing MST-PGPB strains TCR05 and TCR20 were isolated. • MST-PGPB enhanced stress tolerance of Z. mays under combined stress conditions. • PGPB inoculation improved the PSII performance of Z. mays under combined stresses. • PGPB inoculation improved Cr phytostabilization under combined stress conditions.

The response of three typical freshwater algae to acute acid stress in water

The effect of acidic pH conditions on the physiological response of three typical freshwater algae, Chlorella vulgaris, Microcystis aeruginosa and Scenedesmus quadricauda, was investigated in this study. The results of the cultivation experiment indicated that the mortality of the three algae in the logarithmic growth phase increased with increasing exposure time and acidity under acute acidic conditions. The tolerance of S. quadricauda was stronger than that of the other two species under long-term (6 h) exposure to the same acidity; in contrast, C. vulgaris exhibited the greatest tolerance under short-term exposure conditions. The decrease in chlorophyll a (Chl a) content indicated that the photosynthesis of algae was inhibited under acid stress and that the algae could not continue to grow normally. This was consistent with the changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity, which were reflected by the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity under acid stress, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated that when exposed to acute acidic conditions, the tolerance of three typical freshwater algae to acidity was significantly different. These findings provide valuable information for poorly mixed acidification operations designed to adjust the pH in lakes, reservoirs, or intake pipes of purification plants.

Effect of Mg-Gluconate on the Osmotic Fragility of Red Blood Cells, Lipid Peroxidation, and Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) Activity of Placental Homogenates and Red Blood Cell Ghosts From Salt-Loaded Pregnant Rats.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific syndrome with multisystem involvement which leads to fetal, neonatal, and maternal morbidity and mortality. A model of salt-loaded pregnant rats has been previously studied, sharing several pathological characteristics of preeclamptic women. In this study, it was compared the effects of the treatment with an oral magnesium salt, magnesium gluconate (Mg-gluconate), on the osmotic fragility of red blood cells, lipid peroxidation, and PMCA activity of placental homogenates and red blood cell ghosts in salt-loaded pregnant rats. Mg-gluconate has a higher antioxidant capacity than MgSO4 due to the presence of several hydroxyl groups in the two anions of this salt. Salt-loaded pregnant rats received 1.8% NaCl solution ad libitum as a beverage during the last week of pregnancy. On day 22nd of pregnancy, the rats were euthanized and red blood cells and placenta were obtained. Salt-loaded pregnant rats showed an increased level of lipid peroxidation and a lowered PMCA activity in placental and red blood cell ghosts, as well as an increased osmotic fragility of their red blood cells. The treatment of the salt-loaded pregnant rats with Mg-gluconate avoids the rise in the level of lipid peroxidation and the concomitant lowering of the PMCA activity of their red blood cell membranes, reaching values similar to those from control pregnant rats. Also, this treatment prevents the increase of the osmotic fragility of their red blood cells, keeping values similar to those from control pregnant rats. Mg-gluconate seems to be an important candidate for the replacement of the MgSO4 treatment of preeclamptic women.

Lipoperoxidation in Grain Sorghum under the Influence of Herbicides, Phytohormones, and Biopreparation

The use of herbicides for sowing grain cultures, including grain sorghum, is an integral condition for high yield indicators. However, upon penetrating into plant organisms, herbicides can intensify synthesis of the reactive oxygen species, which leads to the aggravation of lipid peroxidation and activates antioxidant systems, namely superoxide dismutase enzyme. It is known that phytohormones and microbial preparations, if included in the cultivation technology, can improve plants’ ability to resist oxidative stress caused by xenobiotics. However, the integrative influence of herbicides, phytohormones, and microbial preparations on activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme as well as on lipid peroxidation intensity in plants of grain sorghum is understudied, which preconditioned the purpose of this study. The objects of this study were as follows: grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) of the Milo W hybrid, herbicide Cytadel 25 OD, phytohormone Endofit L1 and biopreparation Bioarsenal. The study was conducted following the requirements of vegetation method. The activity of lipid peroxidation was investigated according to the number of malondialdehyde formed in the plant tissues. The activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme (EC 1.15.1.1) was investigated according to its ability to compete with nitro blue tetrazolium for superoxide anions resulting from interaction between the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and phenazine methosulfate. The study revealed that under the effect of the herbicide Cytadel 25 OD, indicators of the lipid peroxidation activity in plants averaged 26.2-93.2% higher than in control sample, depending on the herbicide rate and the day after application. Activity of superoxide dismutase in these conditions exceeded that in the control sample by 18.2-96.8% on average. However, provided the joint use of herbicides, phytohormones, and biopreparation, the plants demonstrated a decrease of the lipid peroxidation activity. It lowered by 14.5-19.1% against the background of superoxide dismutase increase by 22.0-38.7% relatively to the variants where only herbicide was used. Results of the experiment attest the positive influence of the phytohormone and biopreparation on the grain sorghum’s resistance to the oxidative stress caused by herbicides. The observed data can become a cornerstone for the further development of biologised cultivation technologies of this culture

Transgenic Medicago truncatula Plants That Accumulate Proline Display Enhanced Tolerance to Cadmium Stress

Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in agricultural soils constitutes a serious problem for crop yields and food safety. It is known that proline (Pro) can rapidly accumulate in plant tissues in response to abiotic stress. To analyze the potential protective effect of Pro accumulation against Cd toxicity, we compared the response to Cd stress of wild-type (WT) Medicago truncatula and a transgenic line that we had previously obtained and characterized (p18), which expressed the Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase gene from Vigna aconitifolia (VaP5CS), and accumulated high Pro levels. Cadmium significantly reduced germination of WT seeds compared to p18 seeds, and seedling relative root growth, a valid indicator of metal tolerance, was significantly higher for p18 than WT seedlings. We analyzed the relative expression of genes related to Pro metabolism, phytochelatin biosynthesis. antioxidant machinery, and NADPH recycling, which are relevant mechanisms in the response to Cd stress. They presented differential expression in the seedlings of both genotypes both under control conditions and under Cd stress, suggesting that the Cd response mechanisms might be constitutively activated in the transgenic line. Pro accumulation promoted higher survival, enhanced growth performance, and minor nutrient imbalance in transgenic p18 plants compared to WT plants. These facts, together with the recorded gluthatione levels, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities strongly suggested that VaP5CS expression and Pro accumulation conferred enhanced Cd tolerance to M. truncatula p18 plants, which was likely mediated by changes in Pro metabolism, increased phytochelatin biosynthesis and a more efficient antioxidant response. Moreover, p18 roots accumulated significantly higher Cd amounts than WT roots, while Cd translocation to the aerial part was similar to WT plants, thus suggesting that high Pro levels increased not only Cd tolerance, but also Cd phytostabilization by rhizosequestration.

The Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant System Response of the Seagrass Cymodocea nodosa to Bisphenol-A Toxicity.

The effects of environmentally relevant bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations (0.3, 1 and 3 μg L−1) were tested at 2, 4, 6 and 8 days, on intermediate leaves, of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, lipid peroxidation, protein, phenolic content and antioxidant enzyme activities were investigated. Increased H2O2 formation was detected even at the lowest BPA treatments from the beginning of the experiment and both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms were activated upon application of BPA. Elevated H2O2 levels that were detected as a response to increasing BPA concentrations and incubation time, led to the decrease of protein content on the 4th day even at the two lower BPA concentrations, and to the increase of the lipid peroxidation at the highest concentration. However, on the 6th day of BPA exposure, protein content did not differ from the control, indicating the ability of both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms (such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phenolics) to counteract the BPA-derived oxidative stress. The early response of the protein content determined that the Low Effect Concentration (LOEC) of BPA is 0.3 μg L−1 and that the protein content meets the requirements to be considered as a possible early warning “biomarker” for C. nodosa against BPA toxicity.

Ginseng alleviates folliculogenesis disorders via induction of cell proliferation and downregulation of apoptotic markers in nicotine-treated mice

BackgroundGinseng is a powerful phytoestrogen with high antioxidant properties.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of Panax Ginseng (PG) on folliculogenesis, proliferation, and apoptosis in the ovary impaired by nicotine.MethodsForty adult mice were divided into five groups. Control, sham, and nicotine groups, and co-treated groups of nicotine and ginseng in doses of 0.5 and 1 g/kg. Folliculogenesis was assessed via histopathology and serum evaluation of estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) by ELISA. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities both in homogenate tissue and serum were assayed by colorimetric analysis. Apoptotic markers of cytochrome c (Cyt c), Bax, and Bcl-2 were evaluated by RT-PCR. Proliferative index was studied by the Ki-67 immunostaining procedure.ResultsIn comparison to the control or sham groups, nicotine significantly reduced the levels of FSH, LH, and estradiol hormones. An insignificant reduction was observed in the progesterone hormone. Nicotine reduced all healthy follicle numbers, except primordial (P = 0.001). Malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased in tissue and serum in the nicotine group (P = 0.01). Serum catalase (CAT) and enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) both were reduced in tissue and the serum, in the nicotine group. Nicotine induced a reduction in the proliferative indexes of granulosa and theca cells in pre-antral and antral follicles (P = 0.001). However, its effect on the proliferative index of stroma cells was not significant. Apoptotic markers were elevated in the nicotine group (P = 0.001). Co-treatment with ginseng elevated all sex hormones, increased healthy follicles, and reduced tissue or serum lipid peroxidation, compared with the nicotine group (p < 0.05). Co-Treatment with ginseng also reduced the expression of apoptotic markers and increased the proliferative indexes in granulosa and theca cells in pre-antral and antral follicles and also in stroma cells, in comparison to the nicotine group (P = 0.001). All above-mentioned alterations following treatment with ginseng were remarkable, especially in the dose of 1 g/kg.ConclusionThis study showed ginseng protects folliculogenesis via alteration of hypothalamic- pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, induction of proliferation in ovarian somatic cells, reduction of lipid peroxidation, and downregulation of apoptotic markers in the mouse ovary, treated with nicotine.

Saudi honey alleviates indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer via improving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses in male albino rats

Recent years have reported a rise in the occurrence of gastric ulceration especially among young children and adults. This study investigated the mechanism by which two types of Saudi honey: AlnahalAljawal honey (Wadi) or Bin Ghaithan honey (Talh) exerted their antiulcer potential in indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration. Four cohorts of rats were used: Group 1; Healthy controls, Group 2; Ulcerative animals, Group 3; Ulcerative + Wadi honey treatment, Group 4; Ulcerative + Talh honey treatment. We profiled the levels of different indicators of oxidative stress including the activities of gastric mucosal glutathione superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation (measured as malondialdehyde; MDA). CRP content, IL-10, and plasma tumor necrosis factor-α were also evaluated. The stomach was visually examined for macroscopic lesions and using light microscope for histopathological changes in the glandular mucosa.Wadi or Talh honey significantly reduced the ulcer indices, and essentially protected the glandular mucosa from lesions. Wadi or Talh honey also significantly reduced the gastric mucosal concentrations of GPx, SOD and GSH. In addition, the administration of Wadi or Talh honey decreased gastric mucosal plasma TNF-α and MDA, CRP content, and IL-10 levels. In conclusion, Wadi or Talh honey possibly exerted their antiulcer potential via restoring the homeostasis and stabilizing the enzymatic (SOD and GPx) and non-enzymatic (GSH) antioxidants as well as reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, CRP content, IL-10 and, NF-κB activity), and inhibiting the lipid peroxidation in the gastric mucosa. Consequently, Wadi or Talh honey may be of beneficial therapy for patients diagnosed with gastric ulceration. Clinical studies need to be conducted to further support these findings.

Physiological mechanism of the response to Cr(VI) in the aerobic denitrifying ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus sp.1

Pisolithus sp. 1 (P sp. 1) is an ectomycorrhizal fungus (EMF) with a strong Cr(VI) tolerance and reduction ability. The noninvasive microttest technique (NMT), real-time quantitative PCR (qRT–PCR), and the three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) were used to deeply explore the physiological mechanism of the P sp. 1 response to Cr(VI) and investigate the relationship between Cr(VI) reduction and denitrification in P sp. Cr(VI) induced the strongest elevations in nitrate reductase (NR) activity and NO production in the mycelia after treatment with Cr(VI) for 48 h under aerobic conditions. The NR inhibitor tungstate significantly inhibited Cr(VI) reduction, proton efflux and the expression of the NR gene (niaD) and NiR gene (niiA). In addition, NO was generated via NR-regulated denitrification. Combined treatments with Cr(VI) and the NO scavenger carboxy-PTIO (cPTIO) significantly increased O2-, H2O2 and MDA contents and reduced SDH, CAT, GSH, GR and GSNOR activity. Therefore, the NR-driven aerobic denitrifying process requires protons, and the generated NO reduces the oxidative stress effect of Cr(VI) on mycelia by reducing ROS accumulation and lipid peroxidation, enhancing mycelial and CAT activity, and promoting GSH recycling and regeneration. Psp.1 can also secrete humic acid-like and protein-like substances to combine with Cr(III) in a culture system.

Quercetin and vitamin E ameliorate cardio-apoptotic risks in diabetic rats.

Apoptosis is upregulated in all forms of diabetes, and the mitochondria act as target in diabetes pathophysiology. Quercetin and vitamin E have both shown usefulness in the delay of progression of diabetes-induced complications. However, their effect on the apoptotic process in diabetes mellitus is unknown. We hypothesize that quercetin treatment in diabetes may decrease the propensity for cardiomyocytic death via regulation of the mitochondria permeability transition (mPT) pore opening. Hearts from normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were used for the study. Low ionic strength heart mitochondria were used for swelling assay and mitochondrial lipid peroxidation (mLPO) activity was spectrophotometrically assessed. Levels of cytochrome c and caspase 3 and 9 were determined by immunohistochemistry, while lesions assessed by histology. Diabetic heart mPT pore showed larger amplitude swelling than control, while mLPO levels were increased in diabetic rats relative to control, this resulted in cytochrome c release. This initiated increased caspase 3 and 9 activity in diabetic rats (p < 0.05). Histology showed hemorrhagic lesions in diabetic rat hearts. Quercetin and vitamin E treatment reversed these effects, suggestive of their anti-apoptotic effect. Quercetin and vitamin E protection in diabetes is mediated by mPT pore inhibition and modulation of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.

Effects of short- and long-term treatments of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) protein hydrolysates on blood lipid concentrations and antioxidant status, in rats fed cholesterol-enriched diets

Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A limited number of experimental studies have shown that sardine protein hydrolysates (SPH) could be a very useful natural compound to prevent hy-percholesterolemia by both improving the lipoprotein profile and modula-ting oxidative stress. In the present study, the effect of short and long term treatments with SPH were examined on serum lipid contents, lipid peroxida-tion and antioxidant enzymes activities in rats fed cholesterol-enriched diet. At day 0, rats were divided into five groups. The group of day 0 was the stan-dard group, and the four remaining groups were divided into two parts of two groups each consuming for 14 or 28 days an hypercholesterolemic diet, and treated (HC-SPH) or not (HC) by gavage with SPH. Compared with day 0, serum TC contents were increased at day 14 and remained unchanged at day 28 in HC-SPH group. These values were decreased in HC-SPH versus HC. Liver and heart TBARS concentrations were increased at day 14 then diminished at day 28 in HC-SPH group. Liver and heart SOD and CAT activities were decrea-sed at short term then remained unchanged at long term in HC-SPH group. In addition, these activities were enhanced in HC-SPH versus HC. In conclusion, these results indicate the potential effects of short and long term treatments of SPH to improved cholesterolemia and reduced radical attack in rats fed high-cholesterol diets.

Centella asiatica Alleviates AlCl3-induced Cognitive Impairment, Oxidative Stress, and Neurodegeneration by Modulating Cholinergic Activity and Oxidative Burden in Rat Brain.

Aluminum (Al) is linked to the development of many neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, and autism. Centella asiatica (CA) is a regenerating herb traditionally used to stimulate memory. This study was designed to assess the neuroprotective role of ethanolic extract of CA (CAE) in AlCl3-induced neurological conditions in rats. Adult rats were chronically treated with AlCl3 (100mg/kg b.w./day) for 60days to establish the dementia model, and co-administration of CAE was evaluated for its ability to attenuate the toxic effect of AlCl3. CAE was given orally at a dose of 150 and 300mg/kg b.w./day, for 60days. The behavioral performances of rats were tested through Y-maze and open field tests. Lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity were evaluated to measure oxidative stress; and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was assessed to evaluate cholinergic dysfunction in the rat brain. H&E staining was used to assess structural abnormalities in the cortex and hippocampus. The result showed that AlCl3 induces cognitive dysfunction (impaired learning and memory, anxiety, diminished locomotor activity), oxidative stress, cholinergic impairment, and histopathological alteration in the rat brain. Co-administration of CAE with AlCl3 markedly protects the brain from AlCl3-induced cognitive dysfunction, oxidative stress, AChE activity, and cytoarchitectural alterations. Furthermore, 15days CAE treatment after 45days AlCl3 administration markedly ameliorates the AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity indicating its potential for therapeutic use.

ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЙ СТРЕСС И АНТИОКСИДАНТНАЯ СИСТЕМА ПРИ НЕСПЕЦИФИЧЕСКОМ АОРТОАРТЕРИИТЕ I ТИПА

Objective: To study the features of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant system (AOS) in blood in Takayasu arteritis (NF) with a predominant lesion of brachiocephalic vessels. Methods: Several markers of LPO (malondialdehyde – MDA), AOS (superoxide dismutase – SOD, ascorbic acid – AA) and inflammation (sialic acid – SA) were studied in 16 patients with type I TA, where the inflammatory process was localized mainly in the aortic arch and its branches. Most commonly TA was observed among females (n=14; 87.5%), the average age of patients was 20.8±0.8 years. The study of the above markers was carried out in two stages: upon admission of patients in the stage of exacerbation of inflammation and after targeted anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antioxidant therapy – in the stage of remission of the inflammatory process. Results: The study of LPO and AOS showed that in all patients, upon admission, there was a considerable oxidant-antioxidant imbalance due to an acute inflammatory process. MDA was increased by 2.6 times constituting 3.9±0.1 μmol/l. After pathogenetically targeted therapy, its significant decrease to 2.9±0.1 μmol/l (р˂0.001) was achieved. Activation of LPO was paralleled with a significant decrease of the body's AOS markers. The activity of SOD and concentration of AA during acute inflammatory process was reduced by 1.4 and 1.3 times, and amounted to 13.3±0.1 c.u./l and 57.8±0.3 μmol/l, respectively. After pulse therapy these indicators showed a significant increase compared with the initial data: up to 15.9±0.2 c.u./l and 63.9±0.4 μmol/l, respectively. The content of SA, which is one of the important components of cell membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids, was increased by 2.3 times (6.1±0.1 mmol/l), while after treatment it significantly decreased to 3.4±0.1 mmol/l (p˂0.001). Gender and age did not affect the dynamics of the specified markers, except for SA, which showed higher values in women (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: With TA in the stage of acute inflammation, increased content of MDA was found, indicating development of the oxidative stress. On this background the AOS indicators were decreased, which should be taken into account during preoperative preparation of patients for upcoming revascularization. The inclusion antioxidants in the protocol of standard TA therapy may improve the patients’ outcomes. Keywords: Takayasu arteritis, lipid peroxidation , antioxidant system, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, ascorbic acid, sialic acid.

DETERMINATION OF THE INFLUENCE MECHANISMS OF SUCCINIC ACID-BASED DRUG ON IMPROVING THE STATE OF ERYTHROCYTE LINK OF OXYGEN TRANSPORT DURING AEROBIC PHYSICAL LOADS

Introduction. Strenuous aerobic work inherent to cyclical sports requires adequate oxygenation of the athletes’ working muscles. One of the ways to improve the oxygen transport function of blood is to optimize the structural and functional state of erythrocytes, for example, by using succinic acid in the form of the medical drug Armadin Long. This pharmacological drug is widespread in clinical practice for treating hypoxic and ischemic conditions, and very little is known about its use for improving the condition of the erythrocytes in the blood of athletes, which determined the relevance of this study. The objective of the study was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of using the medical drug Armadine Long to improve the state of the erythrocyte link of the blood oxygen transport system during aerobic exercise. Materials and Methods. A randomized blinded placebo-controlled trial included 40 male middle-distance runners (aerobic discipline of athletics). The subjects were divided into two subgroups matched for number, age, and anthropometric characteristics (strats). In this work, laboratory methods were used, including hematological tests (in particular, hemoglobin and erythrocytes level measurement and erythrocyte characteristics evaluation), as well as biochemical method: the study of prooxidant and antioxidant balance (activity of lipid peroxidation according to changes in the content of maloniс dialdehyde and antioxidant protection according to changes in the concentration of reduced glutathione) and functional characteristics of erythrocyte membranes (permeability, sorption capacity, sorption capacity of the glycocalyx) as well as evaluation of the main components of lipid and protein composition of red blood cell membranes. Pedagogical research methods were based on the determination of relative aerobic capacity using the generally accepted PWC170 test. Results of the study. During 21 days of intensive loads, an almost two-fold increase in contents of malonic dialdehyde was observed with a parallel decrease in reduced glutathione content by 23.5 % during aerobic loads. At the same time, there was a deterioration of the functional characteristics of erythrocytes and a decrease in the relative aerobic capacity in comparison with the baseline data. The use of the medical drug Armadine Long at a dose of 600 mg per day improved the indicated characteristics of erythrocytes. At the same time, there were positive changes in the protein and lipid state of the erythrocyte membranes, and the athletes’ aerobic power increased by 38.7%. It substantiates the high ergogenic ability of succinic acid, which is based on the normalization of the lipoperoxidation process and the improvement of the structural and functional characteristics of erythrocyte membranes.