Polyphenolics with Strong Antioxidant Activity from Acacia nilotica Ameliorate Some Biochemical Signs of Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Mice.

Tahira Foyzun,Md Kamrul Hasan,Md Imran Nur Manik,Km Monirul Islam,Md Salim Ahammed,Mst Rejina Afrin,Kushal Biswas,Golam Sadik,Ahm Khurshid Alam,Abdullah Al Mahmud,Simin Sobnom Lopa,Md Yusuf Al-Amin

doi:10.3390/molecules27031037

Abstract

Neurotoxicity is a serious health problem of patients chronically exposed to arsenic. There is no specific treatment of this problem. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathological process of neurotoxicity. Polyphenolics have proven antioxidant activity, thereby offering protection against oxidative stress. In this study, we have isolated the polyphenolics from Acacia nilotica and investigated its effect against arsenic-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. Acacia nilotica polyphenolics prepared from column chromatography of the crude methanol extract using diaion resin contained a phenolic content of 452.185 ± 7.879 mg gallic acid equivalent/gm of sample and flavonoid content of 200.075 ± 0.755 mg catechin equivalent/gm of sample. The polyphenolics exhibited potent antioxidant activity with respect to free radical scavenging ability, total antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Administration of arsenic in mice showed a reduction of acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain which was counteracted by Acacia nilotica polyphenolics. Similarly, elevation of lipid peroxidation and depletion of glutathione in the brain of mice was effectively restored to normal level by Acacia nilotica polyphenolics. Gallic acid methyl ester, catechin and catechin-7-gallate were identified in the polyphenolics as the major active compounds. These results suggest that Acacia nilotica polyphenolics due to its strong antioxidant potential might be effective in the management of arsenic induced neurotoxicity.

Highlights

Arsenic contamination of groundwater is a global problem affecting many countries including Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, China, Argentina and USA
ANPP was isolated from the Acacia nilotica pods powder by extraction with methanol followed by column chromatography with diaion resin
The activity of ANPP against peroxidation of lipid resembles the activity from the ethanol extract of this plant which was prepared by sequential extraction method [31]. These results reveal that ANPP has strong antioxidant activity which might be effective in the protection against oxidative stress

Summary

Introduction

Arsenic contamination of groundwater is a global problem affecting many countries including Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, China, Argentina and USA. This problem has become much more severe in Bangladesh as 54 districts out of 64 are exposed to arsenic poisoning [1,2]. Poorer cognitive functions including poorer memory skills, deficits in verbal skill and decrease in the IQ has been observed among children of the different parts of the world exposed to groundwater arsenic [11,12,13]. Despite the serious toxicities from arsenic exposure, there is no effective, safe and affordable treatment of this health problem

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Conclusion