Abstract
The use of herbicides for sowing grain cultures, including grain sorghum, is an integral condition for high yield indicators. However, upon penetrating into plant organisms, herbicides can intensify synthesis of the reactive oxygen species, which leads to the aggravation of lipid peroxidation and activates antioxidant systems, namely superoxide dismutase enzyme. It is known that phytohormones and microbial preparations, if included in the cultivation technology, can improve plants’ ability to resist oxidative stress caused by xenobiotics. However, the integrative influence of herbicides, phytohormones, and microbial preparations on activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme as well as on lipid peroxidation intensity in plants of grain sorghum is understudied, which preconditioned the purpose of this study. The objects of this study were as follows: grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) of the Milo W hybrid, herbicide Cytadel 25 OD, phytohormone Endofit L1 and biopreparation Bioarsenal. The study was conducted following the requirements of vegetation method. The activity of lipid peroxidation was investigated according to the number of malondialdehyde formed in the plant tissues. The activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme (EC 1.15.1.1) was investigated according to its ability to compete with nitro blue tetrazolium for superoxide anions resulting from interaction between the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and phenazine methosulfate. The study revealed that under the effect of the herbicide Cytadel 25 OD, indicators of the lipid peroxidation activity in plants averaged 26.2-93.2% higher than in control sample, depending on the herbicide rate and the day after application. Activity of superoxide dismutase in these conditions exceeded that in the control sample by 18.2-96.8% on average. However, provided the joint use of herbicides, phytohormones, and biopreparation, the plants demonstrated a decrease of the lipid peroxidation activity. It lowered by 14.5-19.1% against the background of superoxide dismutase increase by 22.0-38.7% relatively to the variants where only herbicide was used. Results of the experiment attest the positive influence of the phytohormone and biopreparation on the grain sorghum’s resistance to the oxidative stress caused by herbicides. The observed data can become a cornerstone for the further development of biologised cultivation technologies of this culture
Highlights
In present-day agriculture, the cultivation of agricultural crops, including grain sorghum, is unimaginable without use of numerous preparations, among which, herbicides are the most common
On the second day after the herbicide application, lipid peroxidation (LPO) level increased in the leaves of winter wheat by 90% compared to the control sample, but the same effect did not occur in rye and maize
When the herbicide is combined with the phytohormone Endofit L1, as well as when it is used against the background of pre-sowing seed treatment by the biopreparation Bioarsenal, the LPO intensity decreases compared to the samples treated exclusively by the herbicide, which is one of the consequences of the antioxidant activity increase in plants, namely the activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme
Summary
In present-day agriculture, the cultivation of agricultural crops, including grain sorghum, is unimaginable without use of numerous preparations, among which, herbicides are the most common. Such systems contain numerous enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) (EC 1.15.1.1). Modern-day studies [5; 6] prove that SOD plays an important role in the ROS detoxification process and activity of this enzyme increases according to the level of stress affecting the plants. In this regard, researchers of searching methods to enforce the antioxidant activity of plants to make them overcome consequences of impact of stress factors more effectively. The impact of such preparations on the specified indicators of grain sorghum plants has not been studied before, which preconditioned the purpose of this study
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