Actions In Ukraine Research Articles

Definition and Measurement of Corruption in the States of the European Union and the Use of Directions for Assessing Corruption Actions in Ukraine

The article reveals issues related to corruption, which has a negative impact on social security, public spending, budget deficit, tax collection, vulnerable employment, gender equality and the use of EU funds, and approaches to its measurement. It is noted that corruption is associated with an increase in the level of organized crime, a weakening of the rule of law, a decrease in voter turnout in parliamentary elections and trust in state institutions. It is noted that the pandemic and subsequent socio-economic crises called into question the adequacy of the existing mechanisms for controlling the unprecedented volume of finances within the framework of the EU recovery plan. In this complex context, legal and policy frameworks as well as EU instruments that assess anti-corruption efforts are important at all times. But at the same time, all EU member states, solving this problem, have different approaches and methods of its grouping and measurement. According to the conducted studies, there are currently no corruption-free zones in the EU, as all member states have touched this problem, albeit to varying degrees. The concept of corruption is defined as a broader socio-economic problem that covers a number of issues, namely: conflict of interests; clientelism; various forms of favoritism; influence peddling and other similar forms of behavior. A study of modern statistics of corruption offenses as of the first half of 2023 was conducted, which shows positive developments in Ukraine in the fight against corruption, but at the same time, the rate of violations of financial control requirements remains extremely high. Given the difficulty of directly measuring corruption, various (indirect) indicators have been developed based on the perception or experience of this phenomenon and an attempt to quantify the cost of corruption in the EU. It is noted that the main international study is the Global Corruption Barometer (GCB), which collects data on the experience and perception of corruption around the world since 2003. In 2021, the Global Corruption Barometer (GCB) – EU focused on measurements in EU Member States, which confirmed the widespread perception of corruption in Europe and showed that EU citizens are concerned about the close ties between business and politics. Therefore, in the article, the author examines issues related to the measurement of corruption for the possibility of more accurately forecasting the development of this negative phenomenon in the future and taking appropriate preventive measures.

The Implications of Sino-American Relations on the World Order – The Taiwan Strait Issue –

This article aims to highlight, in a realist perspective, the importance of Sino-US relations and the diplomatic steps taken by the main global actors in the context of the military actions in Ukraine. In order to provide an authentic portrayal of the characteristics of the international security environment and, in particular, of the Asia-Pacific region, with a focus on the Taiwan issue, I have taken an overview of the situation in the region, with reference to recent history and the current context, while showing the implications of Sino-American relations over security and the role of the AUKUS and QUAD alliances in the politico-military sphere. The current crisis on the international arena, triggered by the individual or joint actions of certain state actors, has political, economic and military aspects with serious repercussions for the whole community and affects global security to a degree that brings the military component to the fore. This “atrophy” is being addressed by a number of events taking place at different points around the globe, namely the war in Ukraine, the Asia-Pacific region and the Taiwan Strait, where the interests of major state actors are involved and are finding it difficult to reach a consensus.

Arctic exceptionalism: a narrative of cooperation and conflict from Gorbachev to Medvedev and Putin

ABSTRACTArctic cooperation is increasingly being questioned in the wake of Russia’s 2022 military actions in Ukraine. Accordingly, many international scholars have declared the narrative of ‘Arctic exceptionalism’ dead or corrupted. Through an analysis of political rhetoric, this paper re-evaluates the construction of Arctic exceptionalism, popularly connected to Mikhail Gorbachev’s 1987 Murmansk speech calling for an Arctic ‘zone of peace’. It is argued that a full picture of this narrative is incomplete without consideration of the developments in Arctic cooperation and conflict in the context of Dmitry Medvedev’s modernisation and multilateralism initiatives as well as Vladimir Putin’s enduring commitment to a defensive and nationalistic foreign policy. Moreover, Medvedev and Putin diverged from Gorbachev’s Arctic exceptionalism due to disparate ideologies and views on militarisation, as well as the global context of interstate mistrust. These insights allow for a new understanding of the dilemma of cooperation and conflict in the Arctic, a microcosm of the Russia-West relationship.

Ukraine’s nuclear security as a key element of the European security system

Ukraine, as a strategically located territory and an important player in the geopolitical interests of various power blocks, has become a key element of the European nuclear security system, so it is important to study the most important factors shaping the situation around nuclear weapons and take appropriate measures to avoid potential threats. The research aims to outline all aspects and factors of Ukraine’s nuclear security that directly affect the international security system, in particular, the European countries. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic analysis of information and regulatory sources, such as bilateral and multilateral international agreements, documents and materials of international organisations, documents of individual country authorities, speeches, and materials of print and electronic media. The article highlights the historical context, including the transfer of Ukrainian nuclear weapons materials to Russia following the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of nuclear weapons. The current stage of development of the international nuclear non-proliferation regime is analysed. Attention is paid to the evolution of the regime under the influence of the confrontation between the two superpowers and the doctrine of mutual deterrence. The situation with nuclear security in Ukraine and its impact on the Black Sea region is analysed. The consequences of military actions in Ukraine and factors that create new dimensions for nuclear security, in particular in the context of control over nuclear materials and the possibilities of their use, are considered. The results of the study of the problem are presented in the description of new threats and risks that require deepening cooperation of international partners and taking effective measures to ensure nuclear safety in the region. The study emphasises the need for joint efforts to counter new challenges and minimise nuclear safety risks. The practical significance of the study is determined by strategies for cooperation with international partners to achieve stability in the field of nuclear safety

Cultural Practices of Managing Social-Cultural Activity: Foreign Experience and Domestic Realities

The issue of cultural development in general, as well as the features of management in the social-cultural sphere, have become especially relevant in recent years in connection with introducing quarantine measures related to spreading COVID-19 in the world, Russia’s military actions in Ukraine and economic and political changes in the world. State authorities in many countries attach particular importance to the issue of forming an effective management environment for social-cultural activities. They put forward new high requirements for training specialists in this field, which would meet the challenges of time and the development trends of the world community. In particular, the sphere of musical culture in many countries of the world is recognized as a state priority, since it is the basis of society’s cultural, spiritual, social, political and economic development. The social-cultural sphere, as a system of state and public institutions, is responsible for the state of developing and functioning of the state and society. The purpose of the academic paper is to clarify the features of foreign and domestic practice of managing social-cultural activities, highlighting the principal factors, problems and prospects for developing this field. In the course of the research, bibliographic and analytical methods were used to study scientific literature on managing social-cultural activities. Along with this, induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis of information, system-structural, comparative, logical-linguistic methods, abstraction, and idealization were applied to study and process data. Moreover, the research authors conducted a questionnaire in online mode, in the course of which the viewpoint of scientists conducting research in the field of managing social-cultural processes and heads of cultural and educational institutions working in Ukraine and abroad was studied regarding the key practical aspects of this issue. Based on the research results, the main and most important theoretical aspects of implementing cultural practices of social-cultural work, primarily in the area of musical art, have been established.

PRINCIPLES OF WATER INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT IN ENSURING SUSTAINABLE WATER USE IN UKRAINE

The military actions in Ukraine significantly aggravate the problems of sustainable water resources management. Even in the pre-war period, the main funds of the drinking water supply and sanitation systems were characterized by an unsatisfactory technical condition, an extremely high percentage of wear and tear and required large capital investments. During the wartime, the water management infrastructure of Ukraine became the object of massive attacks by the Russian Federation, which led to catastrophic consequences, such as the destruction of critical infrastructure facilities, lack of population access to drinking water supply, contamination of drinking water sources, complications of the sanitary and epidemiological situation, which poses a significant threat to the health of the nation.The purpose of the article is to determine the current state, trends in the restoration and development of the water management infrastructure in Ukraine and the formation of the basic principles of its management to ensure sustainable water use in Ukraine. The methodological tools of the study were such approaches and methods as a systematic approach, methods of system-structural analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization, economic and statistical methods.

The Wagner Group in Africa: Russia’s Quasi-State Agent of Influence

Russia’s Wagner Group has attracted a lot of attention in connection to its actions in Ukraine. The group’s activities in Africa are less publicized. At the same time, Wagner has made substantial inroads in many countries of the African continent. This article focuses on the case studies of Libya, the Central African Republic (CAR), Sudan, and Mali and analyzes the nature of Wagner’s activities there. I demonstrate that Wagner’s service portfolio is much more extensive than that of traditional private military companies (PMCs) or private security companies (PSCs). The article illuminates Wagner’s influence campaigns that the group has carried out on behalf of the Russian government to advance Russia’s position in strategic competition with the West. Further, the article shows how Wagner’s services have expanded to parallel the many activities traditionally performed by state institutions while allowing the Russian state to deny involvement. I argue that Wagner’s Africa profile qualifies the group to be approached as a quasi-state agent of influence.

CURRENT ISSUES OF TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION OF VICTIMS WITH A COMBAT INJURY OF THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM ON THE MODERN STAGE (REVIEW)

With a beginning of active battle actions in Ukraine the number of victims with gunshot, mine-explosive and shrapnel injuries of the locomotor system among both the military and the civilian population increased sharply. Therefore, the problems of treatment and rehabilitation of victims of hostilities have become especially acute in the last year. Aim. To analyze literary sources on the issue of providing medical aid for gunshot injuries of the musculoskeletal system, to identify problems and prospective directions of rehabilitation treatment of the consequences of combat trauma. Methods. An analytical review of scientific works on the treatment of gunshot and mine-explosive injuries of the musculoskeletal system and their consequences was conducted. Results. It is shown that in recent decades, as a result of the creation of modern firearms and explosive shells, the scale and severity of traumatic injuries have increased significantly, and the frequency of multiple and combined injuries has also increased. Fire injuries of the musculoskeletal system are accompanied by many complications and unsatisfactory anatomical and functional results of treatment. Such injuries are characterized by a traumatic disease that develops in response to combat trauma and has a long and complicated course, high rates of mortality and severe disability. Extremity injuries are the most common — 65‒75 %, and in some combat operations — 80 % or more. The most serious injuries include mine-explosive injuries, which are accompanied by massive damage to the soft tissues of the limbs, main vessels and nerves, and the development of compartment syndrome. 19.1–52.9%) and permanent disability. Conclusions. Damages of the spine and spinal cord lead to high mortality (19.1–52.9 %) and permanent disability. Conclusions. Despite the significant number of developed restorative treatment and rehabilitation technologies victims with gunshot and mine-explosive injuries, specialists continue to improve methods of physical rehabilitation, and work on eliminating problems and shortcomings that still exist in the organization of rehabilitation measures.

Theoretical and legal characteristics of social protection of participants of combat actions in Ukraine

The article deals with the development of legislation protecting combatants in Ukraine. Recent achievements in the legal regulation of the social protection of combatants in Ukraine have been analysed. Countering and deterring the armed invasion of Russia affected the safety of the participants in the conflict; it created the necessary conditions for a decent standard of living. Despite the duration of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine - more than nine years, there is an imperfect regulation of social benefits for participants in hostilities. During the study of the normative-legal mechanism regulating the social protection of combatants, several problematic points were revealed outside the normative-legal field, particularly regarding missing persons and prisoners of war and the absence of generally accepted protocols (protocols). It has been found that the development of military medical rehabilitation and related infrastructure is becoming increasingly crucial in Ukraine as the country's war-related disability is on the rise. Under these circumstances, it is necessary to increase the investments of the state and local self-government bodies in the development of modern rehabilitation institutions to attract the participation of other subjects, and this is an important direction. Some recent achievements in the legal regulation of the social protection of combatants in Ukraine were noted. The necessity of expanding the possibilities of providing additional social benefits to the participants of hostilities at the level of united territorial communities has been demonstrated. As part of the theoretical and legal analysis of the legal basis of social protection of combatants in Ukraine, normative legal acts are catalogued, and their legal force is classified (legislative, sub-legal). The latest achievements in the legal regulation of social protection of combatants in Ukraine are mentioned, in particular, the law of the status of volunteers, the possibility of receiving monetary compensation for the purchase of housing, as well as the adoption by the government of a state program aimed at the physical, medical, psychological and social readaptation of combatants. These actions will continue until 2022. Several difficult moments of a non-legal and regulatory nature are indicated, particularly regarding the missing and prisoners of war - participants in the conflict and the lack of generally accepted protocols for the psychological and social rehabilitation of the participants in the competition. The necessity of expanding the possibilities of providing additional social benefits to the conflict participants is shown. To improve the regulatory and legal mechanisms of state administration in the social protection of combatants, it is proposed to involve such organisations as public and veteran associations, unions, and other social partnerships in the development of legislative acts.

ПРОТИДІЯ РИЗИКАМ В ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СТРАХОВИХ КОМПАНІЙ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ ІНСТРУМЕНТАМИ СТРАХОВОГО МАРКЕТИНГУ

The article examines the activities of insurance companies during martial law, considering the significant changes to the economic landscape caused by war. It identifies insurance marketing as a crucial tool for balancing the insurance sector under these challenging conditions. The study aims to analyze the potential of insurance marketing in ensuring the effectiveness of insurance companies’ operations during martial law. It specifically focuses on the role of insurance marketing in overcoming threats and risks resulting from military actions in Ukraine, which contribute to the crisis state of the insurance industry due to the ongoing economic crisis. The research emphasizes the importance of having a well-defined marketing strategy, a comprehensive marketing plan, and market segmentation strategies tailored to the war-affected market. Additionally, the study identifies and analyzes various insurance marketing tools, such as digital advertising, content marketing, video marketing, and innovative solutions, that can help insurance companies counter existing risks during prolonged periods of war. The findings highlight the synergistic effects of integrating these marketing tools to effectively address the crisis challenges posed by war.

Reflections on War in Creative Context of Design Education in Ukraine

Aim. The aim of the research is focused on the analysis and determination of changes and priorities in the Ukrainian artistic and design discourse of education as inspired by the military actions in Ukraine in 2022–2023. Concept. The research materials are inspired by the basic concept of practical application of motivational aspects in modern design education. The outlined areas of research are aimed at refuting the stereotype of negative intentions in the subconscious perception of full-scale military operations. Results. The results of the dynamics of formal and conceptual priorities in the design of students in the conditions of the liberation war in Ukraine were obtained. Monitoring data is an essential basis for improving innovative, and most importantly, creative and variable pedagogical practice, which makes it possible to comprehensively implement it in the authoritative administrative state hierarchy. Conclusion. The results of the monitoring demonstrated the experience of the creative potential of the students of the Department of Design and Architecture Fundamentals (DOA) in difficult social and political conditions, which is directed to the positive aspects of the future victory. Practical application. The study will contribute to the improvement of the structural and logical schemes of educational and professional programs Environmental Design in the system of art and design education. A variable approach will contribute to the establishment of landmarks of cultural identity, the implementation of new creative ideas for the development of modern Ukrainian design for the purposes of state building.

Understanding Russia’s Actions in Ukraine as the Crime of Genocide

Abstract The new wave of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine that began on 24 February 2022, and the intensification of the armed conflict accompanied by grave breaches of international humanitarian law, has received significant scholarly attention. Many academic interventions have examined the developments in Ukraine through the frameworks of jus ad bellum and jus in bello. Some, however, have applied a genocide lens to make sense of reported numerous and widespread violations of international humanitarian and human rights law. This article contributes to the latter stream of scholarship by contextualizing the arguments for the existence of genocidal intent behind the seemingly unrelated crimes committed by the armed forces of the Russian Federation all over Ukraine. The authors pay particular attention to the language and pseudo-historical references used by Russia’s leaders as a justification for the invasion of Ukraine and argue that these statements and expressions indicate the existence of genocidal intent. This article also reflects on the issue of the systematic destruction of cultural heritage of Ukraine as further evidence of the intent to destroy the Ukrainian nation understood as a protected national group under the Genocide Convention, at least in part. Finally, the authors analyse the genocidal acts that have apparently been committed, including killings; the causing of serious bodily or mental harm; the forcible transfer of Ukrainian children to Russia, and the deliberate infliction of conditions of life aimed at the physical destruction of the Ukrainian nation. It is stressed that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the destruction of the Ukrainian nation by Russia has been pursued through commission of these prohibited acts. Their nature and large-scale character serve as further evidence of genocidal intent to destroy the Ukrainian nation.

Distance learning expert and leader

The paper deals with the theoretical foundations of training experts and leaders of distance learning in order to improve their training program. An expert is a specialist who has an experience in developing distance courses, conducting distance learning classes and has and uses the skills of a content curator. Leaders create the conditions for innovative changes that allow people and organizations to share their vision and move in its direction, contribute to the management and implementation of ideas. The paper describes the basic skills to be developed by an expert and a leader, provides typical mistakes of distance course developers. Training of experts and leaders was based on the distance course ”Distance Course Examination” for experienced developers of distance learning courses and administrators of distance learning systems from different organizations. During the training, students analyzed the purpose of learning according to the Bloom’s taxonomy and its accessibility, the complexity of the text and its design, tasks and learning activities, test quality and evaluation system as well as other elements responsible for the quality of learning. During the pilot training, the results were obtained in the form of reports of students about the examination of the distance course as well as analysis of this work was done. 47 teachers of educational institutions of Ukraine were trained and only 12 teachers successfully completed their training. Based on the results of training and taking into account the experience of emergency training during the pandemic and military actions in Ukraine, the course program has been refined. It is planned to use a team of experts, ”playing” coaches and new methods for conducting distance learning. Particular attention is paid to training experts, leaders and measuring their competencies.

FORECASTING THE EXPORT POTENTIAL OF FODDER CORN PRODUCERS

Global food security is based on the uninterrupted supply of basic foodstuffs. In their structure, a significant place is given to fodder corn, used for fattening livestock and poultry and therefore exerts a significant influence on the production of meat, milk and eggs. Ukraine occupies an essential position in the world production and export of corn along with the USA, Brazil and Argentina. Components of export potential are unique for each country. At the same time, the growing global demand for fodder corn poses a task for producers to increase productivity, and therefore the production volumes of this crop. Goal. The purpose of the article is to analyze and build predictive models of export volumes to determine the distribution of the world feed corn market of the leading countries, taking into account the current situation related to military aggression in Ukraine. Method. In the process of the research, regression analysis was used to identify the dependence between the level of export volume and indicators of productivity and production prices for the studied countries; the Holt method - was for building predictive models, the results of which are used to forecast the volume of exports based on the constructed multiple regression equation; statistical analysis. The results. In the process of achieving leadership positions in the world fodder corn market, the producers of the studied countries underwent significant quantitative and qualitative changes in the process of crop production. Ukraine has significant potential for increasing the production and export of fodder corn. Considering the military actions in Ukraine, which complicated logistics processes, the study considers three scenarios: ideal - Ukrainian corn producers have the proper conditions for the production and transportation of corn; negative - Ukraine cannot export goods due to a lack of proper conditions for its production; limited - the reduction of cultivated areas, improper observance of agricultural technologies and limitations of logistical capabilities limit the production and export potential of the country. Scientific novelty. The factors affecting the export potential of the leading countries in the production of fodder corn have been identified. A forecast of productivity and production volumes has been developed. A scenario analysis was carried out. Practical significance. The value of the research lies in the development of theoretical and methodological provisions for assessing the country's export potential.

Вплив факторів маркетингового середовища на розвиток роздрібної торгівлі в Україні

Retail trade in Ukraine is an important branch of its economy and significantly affects the satisfaction of the population's needs for consumer goods. Based on the analysis of secondary marketing information, it was determined that the volumes of retail turnover of enterprises operating in the field of retail trade increased significantly in 2021 compared to 2013. The influence of changes in certain factors of the macro- and microenvironment on the functioning of retail trade enterprises of Ukraine was studied. It has been established that their development is positively influenced by the cultural environment and the scientific and technical environment. At the same time, the political environment (political instability due to military actions in Ukraine), the economic environment (decrease in the level of population income, inflation, reduction of GDP), the demographic environment (migration of the population, reduction in its number) have a significant negative impact on the functioning of retail trade enterprises of Ukraine. At the beginning of the full-scale invasion of Russia into Ukraine, as a result of the destruction of warehouses and shops in a number of regions of our country, the disruption of relations with suppliers, and the shortage of a number of goods, retail enterprises suffered significant losses. Having closed stores in temporarily occupied territories or where active hostilities are taking place, large retail chains in 2022 opened a number of new stores in the Western regions of Ukraine and in the city of Kyiv, significantly changing the territorial structure of retail trade. The destruction of manufacturing enterprises or the limitation of their capacities forces retailers to look for new suppliers of goods, reduce their product range, and optimize logistics. The functioning of retail trade enterprises was significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a significant increase in the number of online stores of food retailers, "click and collect", "click and drive" services appeared. Today, there is a sharp increase in the prices of goods, compared to the pre-war period, which, in the conditions of a reduction in the level of income of the population of Ukraine, limits the volume of their purchases in physical terms. Having slightly adapted to the new conditions, retail enterprises need to intensify their marketing activities to increase the volume of purchases by store visitors and expand their customer base.

The imbalance of the labor market in Ukraine: current trends and guidelines for overcoming disproportions

The imbalance of the labor market in Ukraine: current trends and guidelines for overcoming disproportions

ASSESSMENT OF THE DAMAGES AND LOSSES AT THE ECONOMY OF UKRAINE CAUSED BY THE MILITARY ACTIONS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE POSSIBLE NEEDS FOR THE RESTORATION OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY

The article assesses the damages and losses caused by the military actions at the economy of Ukraine, taking into account the possible needs for the restoration of the economy, which will allow to propose options for relations in the functioning environment in the event of the continuation of the hostilities. The main consequences of military actions in Ukraine in the context of the damage to the national economy are determined, which creates an assessment base in the context of three indicators of the non-parametric model: damages, losses and needs. The necessity of using the method of analysis of the functioning of such an environment as, which will allow to identify patterns of damages and losses as a result of military actions in accordance with the needs for the recovery of the national economy in order to find effective variations of the relationship between the types of economic activity in the country as a whole and the types of economic activity in the regions, is substantiated during the war year. It is analyzed the functioning environment of the country’s economy by types of economic activity and the functioning environment in the regions of Ukraine by types of economic activity in coordinates by coefficients of the ratio between losses and needs and coefficients of the ratio between losses and needs, which has made it possible to build an efficiency line and, through visual observation, to determine the level of the efficiency for each object in the context of the current state and the future perspective in the face of a long war. A strategy for the development of the environment for the functioning of the national economy of Ukraine in the conditions of the damages and losses caused by the war is proposed, taking into account the possible needs of the national economy, which was implemented thanks to a joint analysis of the efficiency lines of the already investigated functioning environments. The existence of three dynamic zones in the formation of a strategy regarding the level of response to the duration of the war is substantiated: motivating business, motivating business in the needs of the regions (regions of Ukraine), additional losses (losses) of the regions (regions of Ukraine) due to the continuation of the war.

Украина, Россия, Евросоюз и США: размышления над уроками истории и современной геополитикой

Review of the book: Galin V.Yu. Who Sold Out Ukraine. The Political Economy of Ukrainian Independence. Moscow, 2022. 256 p. (in Russ.). This article presents a review of the book that dwells on the complicated problems of the deep crisis in Ukraine and around this country, which has become global. The book considers the origins of and reasons for this crisis and its significance for contemporary geopolitics. It analyses the economic and sociopolitical processes in Ukraine over the last decades as well as characterizes the historical milestones of its relations with Russia and the present situation. The author of the book demonstrates the role of the United States and countries of the European Union in aggravating the current confrontation, as well as their interests in Ukraine and reasons for supporting the Ukrainian regime and assisting in military operations. In addition, the book emphasizes the danger of further escalation of tension and military actions in Ukraine for the human civilization.

Study of the influence of armed conflict on the reimbursement of oral glucose lowering drugs in Ukraine

The humanitarian crisis significantly affects the provision of medical and pharmaceutical care to PWD, and makes it difficult to predict its availability and affordability. It was established that despite the military actions in Ukraine, the reimbursement system is experiencing both negative and positive trends. Negative trends are : an increase in drug prices, the amount of patient co-payments, and a decrease in the number of glucose-lowering drugs that are subject to full reimbursement. Positive trends are: an increase in the amount of reimbursement and the number of glucose-lowering drugs that are included in the system reimbursements, including at the expense of extended dosage forms. The analysis showed that the war led to the introduction of positive changes – to increase the number of glucose-lowering drugs that are subject to full compensation.

INNOVATIVE VOCABULARY IN THE LANGUAGE OF MODERN WEB MEDIA (COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE UKRAINIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES)

The article has compared the specifics of neologisms in English and Ukrainian languages. The aim of our study was to establish a comparative relationship between the specifics of neologisms in both languages in the modern Web Media. It has been found out that innovative vocabulary appears during important periods of time (such as Pandemic 2019 and Military Actions in Ukraine 2022). During our theoretical research, analytical review, generalization and concretization have been used as the main methods. Thus, although the problems of neologisms and innovative vocabulary are not one-sided, the analysis of their identification criteria, which exists in modern linguistics, allowed us to determine the main features, based on which the research and classification of neologisms will become easier and clearer, and it will also help to reveal the potential of neologisms more widely. In our opinion, such an indicator as a criterion of time from 5 to 20 years should be attributed to them, it is the period of time that can be defined as a certain period of development of the studied language. The next characteristic of neologisms is the presence of a certain or partial uncharacteristic or atypicality of language norms. Also, it should be noted that one of the features of neologisms usage is the fact that they are used by the majority of native speakers while preserving the connotation of novelty. Taking into account all of the above, we come to the conclusion that neologisms relate to a certain class of words. Neologisms are words or stable phrases that are new in content or form. They retain their connotation of novelty and relevance for a limited period of time. Neologisms have formed semantic, pragmatic and stylistic features and sometimes they can be recorded in the lexicographic literature. Having investigated the issue of neologisms classification, we came to the conclusion that there is no single classification and usually these language units are classified according to different features. Such features include the following: type of linguistic unit, type of denotation, method of formation, conditions of the method of formation, target purpose. Regarding the method of formation, neologisms are divided into borrowings, morphological, phonological and syntactic. In Ukrainian language, the suffix method of creating neologisms is the most frequent, and in English language they are contamination, truncation and conversion.