Actions In Ukraine Research Articles

The public debt of Ukraine in the economic development policy in the war and post-war periods: Bibliometric analysis

Public debt can attract funds to finance public needs and stabilize the country’s economic development. This study aims to analyze the relationship between public debt and economic development considering the war actions in Ukraine. This paper uses bibliometric analysis, comprising in-built Scopus and WoS instruments, VosViewer, and Google Trends tools. The overall results show the close relationship between public debt, economic development, and war (armed conflict) concepts. The publications were examined according to key features: containing the keywords from the green and red clusters; covering the period 2015–2018 and 2022; and discussing public debt in Central and South-Eastern Europe. This improved the theoretical and methodological approach to the bibliometric analysis of public debt. Moreover, the study identified risks (based on selected scientific publications) to which the primary attention should be paid during the war and post-war periods in Ukraine: currency and demographic risks. Key recommendations were provided to ensure debt security during the war and post-war periods. However, the given recommendations should be implemented within the framework of the Recovery Plan of Ukraine, which would improve the credit rating and reliability of the state.

OFFICIAL NAME “FULL-SCALE INVASION” DENOTATION “MILITARY ACTIONS IN UKRAINE: 2014 – 2023”: SEMANTICS, AXIOLOGY, CORRELATION

The article is devoted to the analysis of the nominative and axiological paradigm of the denotation “military actions in Ukraine: 2014 – 2023”. On the basis of the linguistic concept of the lexical-semantic dimension of the linguistic picture of the world, based on the doctrine of the mental and lingual essence of language, its objective and subjective content, official and unofficial names of the event are distinguished. The official names of the military actions in Ukraine in 2022-2023, which include the adjective full-scale and the nouns invasion and war, were chosen as the object of the study. Their specific characteristics are distinguished, systematic functional-temporal correlative relations between them are established, lexical-semantic, actually semantic correlative relations of the researched units with those in which the constructive position is filled by the nouns of confrontation, conflict, attack are clarified against the axiological background of pejorativeness, aggression. Due regard is paid to the syntactic structures with the grammatically dominant component war, which, despite the official status of the syntactic structures full-scale invasion, full-scale war, have a high degree of productivity and claim to occupy a space as an alternative, universally accepted name of the event under study. Specific representatives of constructions with a deterministic invasion constituent are characterized in detail in the form of simple submodels (“full-scale invasion” / “driving force”, “full-scale invasion” / “event location”, “full-scale invasion” / “event time”) or complex (“full-scale invasion” / “driving force” / “event location”, “full-scale invasion” / “driving force” / “event time”, “full-scale invasion” / “driving force” / “event location” / “event time”). These models are identified by the type of semantic reference of pre-substantive concretizes with integrative schemas “participant(s) of the event”, “place of the event”, “time of the event”.

Методологія експертної та облікової оцінки шкоди та збитків за наслідками війни в Україні

In Ukraine, the issue of assessing losses as a result of military aggression became relevant in 2014 after the annexation of part of the country's territory by the Russian Federation. Until 2022, Ukraine's state structures developed several regulatory documents regulating these issues. However, the problems of methodology and techniques for assessing damage and losses as a result of military actions in Ukraine have again come into the focus of academics and expert practitioners after the full-scale and extremely destructive aggression that began on February 24, 2022. It became clear that it would be impossible to assess the volume and variety of damage and losses caused to Ukraine based on previous approaches and methods. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need and ways of developing the methodology for assessing damage and losses of enterprises as a result of the war, to determine the possibilities of mutual enrichment of the methodology of expert and accounting evaluation for their combined application when calculating losses from military actions in Ukraine. The work reveals the economic and regulatory essence of the approaches to assessing the damage and losses of enterprises from the war applied in Ukraine: the World Bank's rapid assessment methodology; methods of property-by-object assessment of the State Property Fund of Ukraine; methodology based on the accounting assessment methodology of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. The authors critically analysed their potential and opportunities to achieve the goals set by the Ukrainian authorities for conducting a mass and operational assessment of economic losses from the war and ensuring a transparent and fair compensation policy. The main criteria for evaluating efficiency when choosing and using one or another approach for assessing enterprises' losses from the war were determined. The essence of the assessment methodology was revealed, and the methodological features of expert and accounting approaches to determining the damage and losses of enterprises from the war were defined. Reasoned possibility of mutual enrichment of the methodological bases of expert and accounting assessment through reciprocal borrowing of methods, procedures, techniques and methods. The practicality of both individual and combined application of expert and accounting approaches to assessing damage and losses to achieve the goals set by the Government of Ukraine has been proven.

Ukrainian business in the conditions of war: assessment of the state of companies and industries which suffered the greatest losses and ways to restore their activities

The article examines issues related to the assessment of the state of Ukrainian enterprises and industries that have suffered the greatest losses, and issues related to the ability of business to recover quickly. It has been established that military actions in Ukraine have caused huge losses to entrepreneurs, as evidenced by statistics. Despite the fact that domestic enterprises have suffered significant losses, they continue to stay afloat, and Ukraine's economy has automatically entered a state of war with its specific requirements and characteristics. The fact that business has experienced significant problems in such areas as: agriculture, energy, metallurgy and logistics is emphasized. It was emphasized that human capital remains the main problem. According to the UN, almost 3 million citizens have left Ukraine by March 15, 2022. A little less than half of them are people of working age. It was emphasized that the state promotes the restoration and relocation of businesses from the war zones and occupation in this difficult time. The changes have also begun to take place from the state in the direction of creating and implementing new state programs, introducing appropriate changes in legislation to support the economic sphere. At the same time, there are certain obstacles that prevent enterprises from restoring and developing business, namely: lack of a sufficient number of solvent enterprises in the domestic market, unpredictability of the situation in Ukraine and the domestic market, lack of sufficient capital, lack of necessary equipment, outdated business model of enterprises. Consequently, due to the full-scale war on the part of russia, Ukraine is currently in a difficult economic situation. Therefore, the state should interact with domestic business in the direction of creating programs to support small and medium-sized businesses, implementing tender offers, providing micro-grants for business, filling the budget, assisting in the relocation of enterprises, forming the optimal model of the taxation system, solving problems with logistics to overcome crisis phenomena.

Operação militar, guerra ou invasão: as primeiras ações russas na ucrânia em 2022 segundo as capas de jornais do Brasil e Portugal

Abstract The aim of this article is to show which discursive formations, as defined by the French philosopher Michel Foucault in his work The Archeology of Knowledge (1969), were present in Brazilian and Portuguese printed journalism regarding Russia's military action unleashed on Ukrainian territory in February 24, 2022. This concept will also be discussed in light of the redefinitions of Michel Pêcheux, a French theorist of Discourse Analysis, who gave new contours to the Foucauldian notion. We analyzed 16 newspaper covers (eight Brazilian and eight Portuguese) published the day after the beginning of the Russian actions in Ukraine. Our reading observes the support of Portuguese media outlets for the Ukrainian cause and the demonization of Russian President Vladimir Putin as responsible for the outbreak of the conflict; In the Brazilian case, the discursive formation around the war is very present, but Putin is part of a discursive formation that is different from that operated in Portugal.

Становище музеїв України в період російсько-української війни (за матеріалами медіа-ресурсів)

It would seem that humanity received two doses of the vaccine in the 20th century to reject the desire to wage aggressive war forever. However, the beginning of the 21st century was also marked by the war of aggression that Russia started against Ukraine. The territory of Ukraine suffered (and continues to suffer) special losses: it was the theater of hostilities of the First World War, the Second World War, and now another war is destroying life, the country, and our cultural heritage. War, like any other type of destructive activity, negatively affects people's lives, the economy of countries, and the world in general; the sphere of culture suffers, including museums. At this stage, it is possible conditionally distinguish two periods in the Russian-Ukrainian war (respectively, two stages in the activity of museums at this time): 1) February 2014 - February 24, 2022; 2) after February 24, 2022. Russia's aggression against Ukraine began in February 2014 with the occupation of Crimea, the organization of pro-Russian rallies in cities in the east and south of Ukraine, and the occupation of certain areas of Luhansk and Donetsk regions. Museum institutions in these territories became automatically under occupation or under threat of destruction as a result of hostilities. The central government of Ukraine was not ready for aggression and occupation, museum collections were not evacuated, even information about these collections can be considered lost. According to the registers of the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy, by 2014 there were 99 museums in Crimea, 24 in Donetsk Oblast, 23 in Luhansk, which stored hundreds of thousands (perhaps millions) of movable cultural heritage items. After February 24, 2022, the entire heritage of Ukraine, both cultural and natural, is under threat of destruction, because Russian missiles can reach any point in Ukraine (and not only). Museums in the territory controlled by Ukraine or evacuated from the occupied territory must resume their activities. For the evacuated institutions, the problem of restoring the statutory and financial documentation and the museum staff actually arose. Other museum institutions have started the process of documenting the course of military actions in Ukraine and informing the world about the events in Ukraine. Museum institutions and individual employees are coming together to help each other in difficult times: the Heritage Rescue Headquarters and the Museum Crisis Center have been created, and initiatives that existed before the full-scale invasion continue to help museums (to cope with new challenges). Despite the disassembled exhibits, museum life in Ukraine has not stopped - new exhibitions, other cultural events, exhibitions of museum objects from Ukraine abroad are taking place, trainings and courses are organized on how to work in a crisis period, and foreign colleagues come to familiarize themselves with the experience of museums during war. Key words: museums of Ukraine, russian-Ukrainian war, museum collections, evacuation, cultural values.

How will the conflict in Ukraine affect the system of international information security?

The article is devoted to the consideration of the main changes taking place in the system of ensuring international information security after the start of a special military operation in Ukraine. An attempt is made to predict the challenges and risks that the IIS system will face in the future. The priority transformations are connected with the negotiation process within the UN, which, in the context of increasing political antagonism between the key subjects of the dialogue, is becoming increasingly politicized and is beginning to experience some difficulties. It is assumed that in the conditions of the new political reality, the issue of “comprehensive” counteraction to international cybercrime will remain unresolved. There is some fragmentation of the international information security system itself, which is experiencing centrifugal tendencies in terms of promoting alternative approaches to solving key issues in this sphere. Finally, it can be expected that the United States, in interaction with Russia, will more actively engage in a proactive strategy of so-called defend forward, which should be implemented through the concept of persistent engagement. The preliminary conclusions demonstrated by the actions in Ukraine regarding the role and place of cyber attacks directly within the framework of the armed conflict are also considered. It is assumed that in the near future cyber attacks will not be considered as a means of achieving real strategic effects on the battlefield, where conventional weapons play a dominant role. An attempt is made to give some recommendations on maintaining a certain dynamic of the development of the IIS system.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ЦИФРОВОЇ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ПРИ ФОРМУВАННІ БІЗНЕС-МОДЕЛІ ВІТЧИЗНЯНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article examines the processes of transformation of the national economy and, accordingly, as a consequence, the creation of so-called digital enterprises. The authors identified the main problems faced by domestic enterprises on the way to digitalization of their activities and provided possible options for reducing the negative impact when forming business models for the development of Ukrainian business. In the process of research, the necessary components of the transformation process were established, which would reduce negative risks on the final results of the enterprise. Digitization of enterprise activity is one of the most relevant directions of research of Ukrainian and international scientists in recent years. It is the processes of the pandemic, military actions in Ukraine and many other aspects that have become the reasons for the acceleration of the development of digitalization of business processes. The world has entered a new era, when the influence of digital technologies is increasingly felt in all sectors of the economy. Digitalization is radically changing traditional industries and sectors. Classic business models are changing, analog processes and operations are moving to the Internet, there is an opportunity to create individual offers for each individual client. The peculiarity of the development of the digital economy is that it does not replace the traditional one, but becomes a part of it, which functions on the basis of digitalization of all socio-economic processes. The global economic community is using all the achievements of digitalization at a fairly fast pace. The economic situation in the country, the level of social security of the population, prospects for the development of business structures, and the establishment of foreign economic relations depend on its level of development. The instability of world markets, the consequences of the pandemic, adverse political situations indicate the need to increase the potential of the global digital economy, which will very soon replace the market economy and become the basis of the national economies of countries striving for effective development.

Military operation, war or invasion: the first Russian actions in Ukraine in 2022 according to the coverage of the media group in Brazil and Portugal

Resumo Neste artigo, nosso objetivo é apresentar quais as formações discursivas, conforme definição do filósofo francês Michel Foucault em sua obra A Arqueologia do Saber (1969), estiveram presentes no jornalismo impresso brasileiro e português a propósito da ação militar da Rússia desencadeada em território ucraniano em 24 de fevereiro de 2022. Este conceito será ainda discutido frente às redefinições de Michel Pêcheux, teórico da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, o qual deu novos contornos à noção foucaultiana. Analisamos 16 capas de jornais (oito brasileiros e oito portugueses) publicados no dia seguinte ao início das ações russas na Ucrânia. Nossa leitura observa uma adesão dos veículos lusos à causa ucraniana e à demonização do presidente russo Vladimir Putin como o responsável pela deflagração do conflito; no caso brasileiro, a formação discursiva em torno da guerra está bem presente, mas Putin faz parte de uma formação discursiva distinta daquela operada em Portugal.

Inaugural Essay Russia – Ukraine War and the Contest for a NewWorld Order: A Global South Perspective

It has been over 300 days since Russia invaded Ukraine on 24 February 2022. The war between Russia and Ukraine, which began in 2014, has largely been viewed from a Eurocentric or Western perspective. From a Global South perspective, this crisis can be seen as part of a broader pattern of great powers’ competition for influence and control in the region, often at the expense of smaller, weaker states. The conflict also has ramifications throughout the world, as countries scramble to align themselves with either Russia or the West, thereby exacerbating existing political and economic tensions. Additionally, the conflict has come at a huge humanitarian cost, with thousands of people displaced and suffering as a result of the fighting. Furthermore, the economic sanctions imposed by Western countries on Russia in response to its actions in Ukraine could be seen as further exacerbating economic and political instability in the Global South. These countries have criticized the sanctions for their impact on the global economy and for causing economic hardship for their own citizens. In a major speech on the war in Ukraine, US President Joe Biden argued that the conflict is a clear test for democracies around the world, and he portrayed the Ukrainian resistance against Russian forces as part of a “great battle for freedom:” “a battle between democracy and autocracy, between liberty and repression, between a rules-based order and one governed by brute force” (The White House, 2022).

Untrue Rebels

In Theory of the Partisan, Carl Schmitt outlines a theory of the history of the partisan beginning in 1808, when the Spanish guerilla defeated Napoleon. After that modern nation states began to integrate guerilla war tactics in their strategies. According to Schmitt, this development was intensified during the 20th century, but in a dangerous manner. Arguably, Russia’s actions in Ukraine 2014 and 2022 suggest that Schmitt’s conception is still relevant for understanding extreme political situations. But why do sovereign states need the partisan? The big loser in this development, however, is the partisan himself, who gets exploited and instrumentalized by regular political actors. Even if Schmitt advocates a less extreme way of using the partisan, he arguably helps placing it under the rule of state actors, a tactic Putin’s Russia deploys in action. Therefore, a political rehabilitation of the partisan from its exploitation is very needed.

UKRAINIAN FINANCIAL MARKET DURING THE WAR: REALITIES OF FUNCTIONING

Introduction. The war in Ukraine has a significant impact on the financial sector in general and the financial market, in particular. Without exaggeration, the year 2022 became a turning point for the Ukrainian financial market, as well as an indicator for the entire global financial system regarding its stability and flexibility, speed of response to challenges and adaptability, the ability and readiness to introduce innovations, acceptance of challenges by all market stakeholders. The main triggers of the functioning of the financial market are the rapid and client-oriented digitalization of services; volatility of regulatory policy due to Russia's military actions in Ukraine; immediate response to changes in conditions of limited access to financial resources; quick adaptation to work with clients under conditions of strict limitation of financial transactions. The answers to these challenges were: virtualization of services through cooperation with Fin-Tech companies and, as a result, the emergence of new tools in the financial services sector; forced transition and the inevitability of acceptance of new online offers by financial intermediaries; diversification and hedging of savings by converting them into currency-equivalent deposits and cryptocurrencies; modification of mobile banking applications. The purpose of the article to is analyze the realities of the functioning of the financial market of Ukraine during the war and to scientifically justificate the challenges of the financial sector in the conditions of the isolation of the financial market due to the introduction of martial law; identify the key development challenges, the latest financial and military activity trends; identify the channels of implementation of financial innovations by intermediaries of the financial services market; outline the triggers for the development of the financial market of Ukraine and understand the prospects for the introduction of new business models for financial market participants. Results. It was found that the financial market of Ukraine is a "key financial front" for ensuring the stability of the entire financial system; the war has a huge impact on the functioning of all components of the market and is an "indicative marker" of the mood in the country. It is shown that in conditions of systemic challenges and threats, innovative approaches in the field of financial technologies have a significant impact on the financial market landscape, which are widely implemented in all its areas, expand the functionality of financial intermediaries, offer diversification of tools and work methods, expand opportunities for participants, modernize existing norms and rules and, most importantly, establish new traditions and develop new habits in all participants of the financial market. It is argued that the main reason for radical changes and innovations, both in regulatory policy and in the daily activities of financial market participants, is the war in Ukraine, which became a catalyst for the revision of many policies and approaches to activity. It has been demonstrated that new vectors of financial sector development are crystallizing in the financial environment, which are aimed at: digitization and automation of most financial processes; raising access to financial services to a qualitatively new level; creation of new offers in the field of financial services with an emphasis on their inclusiveness and accessibility through the use of remote customer service channels using virtual communication technologies. It has been proven that during the russian aggression, the financial market developed high loyalty and flexibility when introducing new products; established a network of new partnerships; changed the focus of activity to the effective use of technological solutions in the financial sphere. It is substantiated that the key determinants of the functioning of the financial market in the conditions of martial law are: deep understanding of the essence of market problems; adaptation of the legislative field and flexibility of prudential supervision; introduction of innovations in the development of new financial products and digitization of existing products; creation of favorable conditions for the activity of financial intermediaries in the market. Conclusions. Based on the results of the conducted research, the following conclusions were drawn: new trends regarding the development and introduction of the latest financial tech nologies in the activities of financial intermediaries are outlined in the financial market; in modern realities, changes are taking place in the landscape of the domestic financial market – the war became a catalyst for the "survival" of both institutions and products; repurposing to remote work with clients creates a platform for promoting new products and introducing new business models.

РЕЙТИНГОВА ОЦІНКА ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ БАНКУ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЙОГО НАДІЙНОСТІ

The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of bank rating assessment. An important indicator of the bank’s activity is its reliability and stability. It is justified that the assessment of the bank’s reliability is carried out on the basis of quantitative and qualitative indicators, which include: capital adequacy, liquidity, quality assets, quality management, profitability, business activity, image, and others. It has been proven that the rating assessment of a bank makes it possible to assign it to a certain group and draw conclusions about its financial situation, its competitive position in the market of banking services, the degree probability of non-fulfillment its obligations to clients. It was established that, depending on the technologies used to calculate the complex rating assessment, different methodological approaches and types of rating assessment are distinguished, in particular, ranking; remote (non-contact) rating; individual (contact) rating. A comparative assessment of reliability (stability) ratings of ten leading banks of Ukraine testified to the presence of different rating assessments depending on the type of indicator assessed by rating agencies. It was determined that the problems of methodical assessment of the compliance of the bank’s level of development with the strategy developed by it are the lack of indicators that allow more objectively assessing the financial condition and obtaining refined conclusions. Proposed prospects for the development of methods of rating evaluation of the bank’s activity, among which the main ones are: increasing the number of relevant indicators (quantitative, qualitative); analysis economic, tax, political factors and environmental conditions; the possibility obtaining external financial support in critical situations; increasing the reliability of reporting indicators; assessment of the impact of human capital and other characteristics related to the education and skills of management personnel and employees; development new parameters for modeling the financial condition banks and borrowers. It was found that the military actions in Ukraine did not significantly affect the banking activity, ratings are evaluated quarterly by national and international rating agencies. There is a steady trend toward a significant role credit ratings, deposit reliability ratings, and corporate governance ratings.

Israel’s policy in the context of russia’s war against Ukraine: a year of neutral assistance

Abstract. Ukrainian-Israeli relations underwent significant structural changes in the wake of russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, which began on 24 February 2022. Following the outbreak of russia’s war against Ukraine, the pre-war positive dynamics in Ukrainian-Israeli relations shifted to neutral expressions of support and practical detachment from the war by the Israeli government. Despite undergoing three changes in government during the one-and-a-half years of the war, Israel’s policy of neutrality towards russia’s actions in Ukraine remained consistent, albeit with some differences. This article provides an indepth analysis of Israel’s policies towards Ukraine under the leadership of three Prime Ministers: Naftali Bennett, Yair Lapid, and Benjamin Netanyahu. This article delves into the complex dynamics of the Israeli government’s stance regarding support for Ukraine, focusing on public reactions, practical steps, and reservations. The political activities of each Israeli Prime Minister, coupled with the domestic context and national interests, provide a compelling insight into Israel’s approach towards crucial geopolitical matters. Among these is Israel’s stance of neutrality towards the ongoing war in Ukraine – a stance that warrants a deeper examination. The article unravels the conceptual framework that underpins the foreign policy positions of three subsequent Prime Ministers of the State of Israel with regard to Ukraine against the context of russia’s full-scale war. The research resulted in the author’s author’s hypothesis regarding the geopolitical priorities of the State of Israel. Keywords: Israeli-Ukrainian relations, russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, Middle Eastern Neutrality, geopolitical interests, red lines, Naftali Bennett, Yair Lapid, Benjamin Netanyahu.

ФІНАНСОВО-ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНІ МЕХАНІЗМИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СТАЛОГО ЕКОЛОГО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ЗРОСТАННЯ УКРАЇНИ

Financing of ecological and economic growth involves the implementation of specialized mechanisms and approaches that take into account the special requirements of sustainable development and effective use of natural resources. At the same time, in the conditions of global challenges and significant internal disparities, the field of so-called environmental finance is characterized by a number of problems. The analysis revealed that the beginning of Russia`s war in Ukraine led to additional challenges and changes in the field of environmental financing, since the crisis situation and the determination of budget priorities significantly affect the distribution of financial resources and planned activities in this field. State budget expenditures on defense as of June 2023 amounted to 52.75%, and they will increase as soon as the possibility of additional financing of its needs appears. At the same time, the funds of macro-financial international aid are directed to the general fund of the budget, from where all costs are financed, and there is also an agreement with the EU that their funds go to humanitarian needs and are not spent on financing the spheres of security and defense. The analysis of the current situation, as well as full-scale military actions in Ukraine, leads to the conclusion about the need to intensify the financing of green initiatives and projects, as well as the development of appropriate mechanisms for tools. According to the formalization, the relevant financial mechanisms should be implemented at several levels, in particular, similarly, through the prism of two models: sectoral and territorial models. Ensuring the financing of ecological and economic growth is an important task for any state, as it contributes to the balanced development of the economy, the preservation of natural resources, and the improvement of the quality of life of citizens. A number of measures aimed at expanding investment support are proposed, namely, the development of a comprehensive strategy for ecological and economic development, the creation of an attractive and stable investment climate, the development of innovative, digital technologies and the implementation of green solutions should be priorities, the state can attract funds through the issue of "green bonds", development of partnerships between the public sector, private companies and international organizations.

Стратегічна модель розвитку підприємств агропромислового комплексу

With the start of hostilities, Ukraine and the world found themselves in a new reality in which all previous models, laws and developments do not work. During the severe trials, domestic farmers faced a number of problems: power outages, damage and destruction of agricultural infrastructure and machinery, fixed exchange rate, blockade of ports and restrictions on land routes. The article identifies the main challenges and problems of the agricultural sector caused by military actions in Ukraine. The challenges faced by the agricultural sector require new approaches and models, rapid adaptation to new conditions, transformation of activities and focus on the main task – survival. The development and implementation of an effective strategic development model, being a perspective-oriented stage of ensuring economic security, becomes the basis for acquiring long-term competitive advantages, and therefore remains an urgent problem and is the main goal of this study. The success of the strategic model of the development of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex largely depends on the validity of measures to respond to changes and expectations of the market in the short term, that is, on the effectiveness of strategic management and the implementation of a system of measures to ensure the most rational use of strategic resources, the identification of reserves and the appropriate level of economic security. It is proposed to identify and neutralize threats to the activities of agro-industrial complex enterprises within the framework of a program-target approach, which involves: identifying the source of threats, evaluating and developing program-target measures aimed at neutralizing possible threats, analysis of the degree of importance of threats, economic evaluation of planned measures, development of a strategic development model enterprises of the agro-industrial complex.

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ NATIONAL DIMOND ПОРТЕРА В КОНТЕКСТІ АНАЛІЗУ ТА РОЗВИТКУ ВІТЧИЗНЯНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ХАРЧУВАННЯ

n the current conditions of economic globalization, research and compari-son of the experience of developed national competitive economies and their industries are important prerequisites for the development of specific sectors, including the hotel and restau-rant business. Experts' studies on the actual state and forecasts for the coming years indicate that both the hotel and restaurant sectors in Ukraine have untapped potential and are currently promising and attractive for investment. However, they require further development to attract a larger customer base, primarily through tourism promotion and increasing the purchasing power of the population.In the restaurant market, there is often a significant number of new openings and clo-sures, as seen in 2018 when 275 restaurants opened in the capital, but around 100 closed. The war in Ukraine has negatively impacted the demand for restaurant services, as many Ukrainians had to cut their expenses, resulting in fewer visits to restaurants. This has led to reduced revenues for restaurants and job cuts. It is expected that the supporting and servicing industries of the restaurant business in Ukraine will face critical conditions in 2023-2024. For both the restaurant and hotel businesses, key specialized factors, in addition to cap-ital, skilled workers, and modern infrastructure, should include a unique atmosphere, pleasant and interesting interior and exterior designs, additional services, and a conceptual approach to the establishment. Location, high-quality modern marketing strategies, and excellent service also play a crucial role. The ongoing military actions in Ukraine since 2014 have had a negative impact on the restaurant and hotel markets, resulting in adverse economic indicators for busi-nesses. Many restaurants had to close, and the country faced a crisis with unstable currency exchange rates. The Ukrainian government has implemented several support measures for the restaurant business in 2022-2023. Full recovery of the industry can only occur after the cessation of military actions and the start of comprehensive infrastructure restoration, international transportation connections, and the return of a significant number of citizens. It is projected that the influx of tourists from other countries will increase due to the growing interest in Ukraine, leading to higher revenues and increased investment attractiveness for Ukraine.

VISEGRAD COUNTRIES IN 2022

In this article, the author analyzes the situation inside the Visegrad countries and the Visegrad group against the background of the rapid deterioration of the international situation and the unfolding military actions in Ukraine. The international crisis contributed to an increase in inflation in the countries, the growth of discontent among the population, which resulted almost everywhere in full-scale strikes and manifestations. Against this background, predictions about contradictions within the Visegrad Four – the oldest of the modern regional structures on the continent – and about its possible imminent collapse have intensified in the European press. Indeed, the long absence of meetings in the first half of the year and the demarches of the chairmen of the Czech Parliament gave ground to such conclusions, but politicians of another level – prime ministers and presidents – continued their meetings, joint consultations and exchange of views, that eventually helped them to clarify positions and contributed to the preservation of regional unity of the Visegrad countries. Especially important from this point of view was the November meeting of Prime Ministers Viktor Orban, Mateusz Morawiecki, Piotr Fiala and Eduard Heger in Kosice.

Analysis of forms of implementation of the concept of social responsibility of business in the conditions of combat actions in Ukraine

By improving relations with the public, stakeholders, investors and authorities, corporate social responsibility has a significant impact on the ability of domestic and foreign companies to successfully develop and achieve economic competitiveness, as well as increase market share and create a positive image of the organization. By implementing various forms of social responsibility, the company realizes its contribution to the world of the future, solving local and global problems of humanity. Transparent two-way communication between enterprises becomes an effective tool that can significantly increase trust. The paper analyzes the forms of implementation of the concept of social responsibility of business in the conditions of hostilities in Ukraine. The results were obtained using the synthesis method, the official websites of the companies were analyzed, i.e. CSR sections, official pages of social networks (Facebook, Instagram), media publications, non-financial reports, CSR strategies, recommendations, policies and other publicly available documents. The study considered the influence of factors on decision-making by the company during the military operations in Ukraine according to the following criteria: adaptation of Ukrainian business, development of business strategies, official statement on the termination of cooperation with the Russian Federation. The impact of the total war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine on compliance/non-compliance with the policy of corporate social responsibility The considered features and results of using "Social Hub" and "impact investing" as a form of interaction between the enterprise and society. The implementation of the same form of KVS as "Social Hub" and "impact investing" provides not only financial support of the company for charitable purposes, but also contributes to the formation of a stable positive attitude among internal employees, thereby increasing the reputational capital of the business.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE TOURISM SPHERE OF UKRAINE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE MARITAL STATE AND EXPECTED DIRECTIONS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD

The purpose of the article is to outline the range of problems associated with the functioning of the tourism sphere of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law, and to determine promising directions for its development in the post-war period. The following research methods are used to achieve such purpose: theoretical synthesis, analysis, abstract and logical – to identify problems of the functioning of the tourism sphere of Ukraine; survey – to reveal the opinions of the respondents regarding the state and possible prospects for the development of tourism in Ukraine; graphic – for a visual presentation of survey results. The article is devoted to topical issues of organizing tourist flows under martial law. Economic losses in the field of tourism as a result of the war unleashed by Russia on the territory of Ukraine are outlined. The emergence of new types of tourism in the conditions of war has been proven. An author’s study was conducted on how military actions in Ukraine in 2022 affected the tourism sector. It was established that the majority of respondents consider rest during the war to be permissible (as a result – support of domestic tourism entities, improvement of the psycho-emotional state of the population, increase of the working capacity of the population, etc.); tourism will develop intensively after the victory of Ukraine, as our country will become a popular location for foreign tourists; and domestic tourism will become the most popular. The obtained survey results are highly representative and allow for a reliable analysis of public attitudes of the population regarding the need for rest during the war in Ukraine, the positive role of the tourism sector on both the social and economic development of Ukraine, and the restoration of the psycho-emotional state of a person during the war. In addition, attention is focused on the need to ensure the safety of tourists when organizing trips, and possible directions for the activation of tourism in the future are outlined. The war made adjustments to the development of tourism, which was already “going through” difficult times due to the COVID-19 pandemic, because the number of tourists decreased significantly, logistical problems arose with the organization of tourist trips, and part of the domestic tourist routes became dangerous, and in some places impossible to carry out. However, the tourism sector has significant potential, the use of which will contribute to the replenishment of community budgets, the restoration and preservation of people’s physical and mental health.