Acidity Content Research Articles

English

Vegetable consumers are increasingly demanding high quality products. Among factors that can influence the nutritional quality of tomato fruits, mineral nutrition stands out. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen sources and doses on the nutritional quality of tomato fruits. The experiment was carried out in pots in an experimental area at the Universidade Federal de Vicosa - Paranaiba Campus, in Rio Paranaiba (Minas Gerais State, Brazil). The commercial hybrid Dominador was cultivated with four plants per pot. The treatments consisted of nitrogen fertilizer doses with 50 and 200 mg dm-³ of N, combined with four sources (urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate), in a randomized block design with four repetitions. A (4 x 2) + 1 (four sources combined with two doses of N, plus one treatment without the application of N) factorial scheme was used. We evaluated the increase in oBrix and titratable acidity values with the increase of the N dose applied. Urea and the ammonium nitrate resulted in higher pH values in the tomato fruits. The potassium, lycopene and total carotenoid contents in the tomatoes did not present significant differences in relation to the sources and doses used. The sources and doses of nitrogen fertilizers affected the nutritional quality of the tomato fruits, influencing parameters such as oBrix, pH, titratable acidity and sodium content. Key words: Mineral nutrition, Solanum lycopersicum, nutritional value.

Effect of the Period of Maceration on the Content of Antioxidant Substances in Grape Juice

The study deals with the monitoring of the content of antioxidant components in grape juice in the course of cold maceration of grapevine varieties ‘Italian Riesling’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, vintages 2011 and 2012. For analyses, grape juice was sampled after the maceration intervals of 0; 2; 4; 6; 8; 12 and 24 h. Spectrophotometry was used to estimate antioxidant activity (by the DPPH test), total flavanols, contents of anthocyans and contents of hydroxycinnamic acids. The content of total acidity and pH were estimated as well. Obtained results indicated that contents of aforementioned compounds increased with the increasing time of mush maceration.

Productivity and Qualitative Characteristics of Varieties of Beets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics, biometric and productivity of beet cultivars. The experiment was conducted in random blocks with four repetition. The treatments were six beet cultivars: Maravilha, Merlot, Kestrel, Itapua 202, Chata do Egito and Tall Top Early Wonder. These cultivars were evaluated for plant height, leaf number, diameter and length of root, average mass of root and fresh weight of shoot, the root shape index, productivity, the soluble solids, titratable acidity, ratio, pH and anthocyanin content. The highest average root masses and productivity were observed for the cultivars Maravilha e Tall Top Early Wonder, being similar to Itapua 202 cultivars and the Boring Egypt. For quality characteristics there was no difference between cultivars for the soluble solids and pH, this was not the same behavior for titratable acidity and ratio. The highest anthocyanin content were observed in cultivars Merlot, Kestrel and Chata do Egito. The cultivars Chata do Egito presented the best productivity and quality characteristics, for the factors and elements of the elapsed year climate.

Storage potential of ‘SCS426 Venice’ apples under different storage technologies

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the storage potential of SCS426 Venice apples under different storage technologies. Fruits were harvested in an experimental orchard located in Fraiburgo, SC and stored for up to eight and ten months in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Apples were treated or not with methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and stored under air atmosphere (AA, 0.5±0.5 °C/RH 85±5%) or controlled atmosphere (CA; 1.5 kPa of O2 and 1.5 kPa of CO2 at 0.7±0.5 °C/RH of 93±3%). Fruits were evaluated every two months of storage, after one and seven days of shelf life (23 ± 0.3 °C/RH 93±3%). The storage period of ‘SCS426 Venice’ apples under AA without 1-MCP application should not extend beyond six months. Under this storage condition, fruits had higher incidence of decay, ethylene production and respiratory rates, higher skin degreening, lower flesh firmness, titratable acidity and soluble solids content than fruits stored under CA or AA with 1-MCP. ‘SCS426 Venice’ apples develop flesh browning and superficial scald after long-term storage. ‘SCS426 Venice’ apples under AA treated with 1-MCP or under CA (regardless of 1-MCP application) can be stored for more than eight months, keeping flesh firmness above 14 lb and low incidence of physiological disorders even after ten months of storage.

Studies on storage behavior of Assam lemon (Citrus limon Burm)

Assam lemon is one of the most important fruit of Assam and it is used for culinary purpose due to its fragrance and acidic content. Though Citrus fruits are non-climacteric in nature, depending on the temperature and storage duration, chemical composition of fruits may change. In this experiment different treatments viz T0: Control, T1: Chlorination (4%), T2: Chlorination (4%) + Polyethylene (300 gauge thickness), T3: Chlorination (4%) + perforated polythene (with pinholes), T4: Chlorination (4%) + individual shrink wrapping, T5: Chlorination (4%) + tray packaging used to study the storage life and post harvest quality of Assam Lemon fruits. The effect of these treatments on citric acid, respiration, fruit texture and colour were studied. Among all the treatments, individual shrink wrapping (T4) of Assam Lemon fruit stored at ambient temperature (30-320C and 80–85% RH) was found to be beneficial because it helped to extend the shelf life without deterioration in quality of fruit. Shrink wrap packaging retained the freshness, colour and firmness of the fruit up to 1 month without any decay

Impact of sugar and fruit pulp contents on physico-chemical and sensory parameters of cajá-umbu jelly

Three formulations of caja-umbu jelly with different concentrations of fruit pulp (40, 50 and 60%) were developed and characterized for pH, soluble solids and acidity contents. The jellies were also subjected to affective tests using seven-point just-right scales to evaluate the acidity, sweetness and firmness of the samples, along with the purchase intention. The results showed that the formulation containing 50% of pulp and 50% of sugar presented greater intention to buy, differing statistically from the other formulations in the firmness attribute, according to the analysis by 100 consumers.

Yield of 'Royal Gala' apple trees in response to pruning before or after leaf drop

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate different pruning times, performed before or after natural leaf drop, regarding their effects on the yield of 'Royal Gala' apple (Malus domestica) trees. The experiment was carried out in Vacaria, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, on seven-year-old trees in four harvests from 2008/2009 to 2011/2012, using a randomized block design. The following pruning times were tested: 46 days before leaf drop (DBLD); 25 DBLD; 5 DBLD; 15 days after leaf drop (DALD); 36 DALD; 55 DALD; and 75 DALD. All pruning times before natural leaf drop reduced yield per tree and fruit set. Among the pruning times before leaf drop, 46 DBLD resulted in the lowest yield. Pruning performed after natural leaf drop, still during dormancy, resulted in a higher yield per tree, in comparison with pruning times before leaf drop. The effect of pruning times on average fruit mass, pulp firmness, content of soluble solids, titratable acidity, and soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio differed between harvest years. Pruning performed at different times, before natural leaf drop, causes yield reduction in 'Royal Gala' apple trees, and the pruning time at 46 DBLD results in the lowest yield.

ЕЛЕМЕНТИ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ СТВОРЕННЯ ПАСОВИЩ ДЛЯ ОЛЕНЯ ЛІСОВОГО В УМОВАХ ВОЛЬЄРНОГО РОЗВЕДЕННЯ

Проаналізовано рослинний та ґрунтовий покрив земель, виведених із сільськогосподарського користування під влаштування фермерського мисливського господарства. Видовий склад на території вольєра нараховує 60 видів рослин, більшість з яких представлена різнотрав'ям, а основні злаки характеризуються низькою кормовою цінністю. Бобові представлені тільки розкиданими екземплярами горошку мишачого (Vicia cracca L.) та конюшини повзучої (Trifolium repens L.). Така невелика кількість цінних злакових і бобових трав зумовлює необхідність докорінного покращення наявних пасовищ. Виявлено низьку забезпеченість ґрунтів досліджуваної території поживними елементами, низький ступінь гумусованості, кислу реакцію середовища. Характеристики ґрунту зумовлюють використання як бобового компонента травосуміші лядвенцю рогатого (Lotus corniculatus L.) та конюшини гібридної (Trifolium hybridum L.). Запропоновано в умовах Полісся Західного на середньозволожених луках із мінеральними ґрунтами на територіях, виведених із сільськогосподарського використання, залужувати пасовища для оленя лісового (Cervus elaphus L.) сумішами із тимофіївки лучної (Phleum pratense L.), грястиці збірної (Dactylis glomerata L.), пажитниці багаторічної (Lolium perenne L.), лядвенцю рогатого та конюшини гібридної.

Beneficial effects of foliar application of organic chelate fertilizers on French bean production under field conditions in a calcarous soil

Aminochelate are organic-based chelate fertilizers with higher efficiency for agricultural applications. In the present study, foliar application of three organic-based chelate fertilizers, a macro-micro mixture and soil applied NPK were evaluated on French bean growth characteristics under open field in a calcareous soil. The results showed that plant growth, pod yield (79%) and pod quality were improved by application of chelate fertilizers. Growth parameters as plant height, number of leaves and lateral shoots, shoot dry weight, pod number and pod length were significantly increased by foliar application of the chelate fertilizers. The concentrations of nitrogen, potassium and iron in pods and above all in leaves were increased by foliar application of chelate fertilizers compared to control and soil applied NPK. Pod pH and TSS were not influenced by treatments; however, foliar application of the chelate fertilizers resulted in higher titratable acidity (40%), vitamin C (112%) and protein (35%) content of pods. The results indicate that organic-based chelate fertilizers can be effective safer alternatives for simple chemical salts in calcareous soils.

Rapid Method for the Discrimination of Romanian Wines Based on Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis have been applied for the discrimination of 10 different Romanian wines (white and red wines), produced in 2 wineries from Romania: Reca� and Stefanesti-Arge�s from different cultivars. Principal Component Analysis were performed using different regions of FT-MIR spectra for all wines. Principal Component Analysis of their chemical parameters indicated that the wines can be discriminated based on their different phenolic, glucides, acidity content and geographical origin.

An electrochemical study of the corrosion behaviour of metals in canola biodiesel

ABSTRACTThe corrosion behaviour of pure Al, Cu, 1018 carbon steel and 304 type stainless steel in Canola biodiesel during 528 hours has been evaluated by using electrochemical techniques. Techniques include open circuit potentials (OCP), electrochemical noise (EN) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements at room temperature. These tests were complemented by scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and gas mass chromatography analysis. Results have shown that carbon steel had the highest corrosion rate whereas Cu had the lowest corrosion rate. EN measurements indicated that 304 type stainless steel was moderately susceptible to pitting corrosion, whereas the rest of the metals were susceptible to either mixed or uniform type of corrosion. This was due to the degradation of the biodiesel as observed in an increase in its density, viscosity, acidity and water content at the end of the test.

Evaluation of the relationship between pH and titrable acidity of five different of iron supplements with the absorption of iron ions in the anterior primary teeth (an in vitro study)

Iron supplement is recommended for alleviating iron deficiency. Black discoloration of teeth is one of the side effects of consumption of iron supplements. Besides these effects, iron drops may also act directly on the dental hard tissues, with erosive lesions as possible outcomes of their content. In this regard, we decided to compare iron absorption of five types of iron drops in enamel and determine its relationship with pH and titrable acidity (TA) of them. In this in-vitro study The pH of 5 kinds of iron was measured by a digital pH meter. Each drop was titrated and then the TA was calculated. For this experimental study, 40 healthy anterior primary teeth were prepared and divided into 5 groups then exposed to iron drops. The level of iron absorption was determined by atomic absorption. The Pearson correlation test was used to analysis correlations between pH, TA, and absorption of iron ions in the anterior primary teeth. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. The mean of pH in Kharazmi drops was significantly less than both Irovit, and FerroKids drops (P < 0.05) but did not differ significantly with other drops. Kharazmi drops TA was higher than all drops (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the mean iron ion adsorption, as well as between iron ion absorption with pH and TA also not found a statistically significant relationship. All drops have acidic content that increases their potential for erosion. Reducing the potential of the effects of iron drops on dental hard tissues should be of concern to all health professionals.

Yield and physicochemical characteristics of ‘BRS Magna’ and ‘Isabel Precoce’ grapes influenced by pruning in the São Francisco river valley

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance and physicochemical characteristics of ‘BRS Magna’ and ‘Isabel Precoce’ grapes influenced by two types of pruning. The experiment was carried out during two growing seasons in a commercial vineyard of Petrolina, PE, in the period 2013-2014. Treatments were represented by two cultivars, ‘Isabel Precoce’ and ‘BRS Magna’, and two types of pruning, with selection during plant formation (P1) and without selection (P2) of lateral branches, using a randomized experimental block design, in subdivided plots and four replicates. After pruning P2, the amount of buds kept on vines was greater than after pruning P1, favoring an increase in yield. However, the sizes of bunches and berries, content of soluble solids, and titratable acidity were not influenced by the pruning type. In general, the sizes of bunches and berries in ‘BRS Magna’ were larger than in the ‘Isabel Precoce’ cultivar. Conversely, content of soluble solids and titratable acidity varied among cultivars as a function of production cycle and type of pruning; however, within the standards described for both cultivars and accepted by the Brazilian legislation.

State of Organic Matter and Particularities of Physicochemical Properties of Soils in the Endogenous Hydrogen Seepage Zones

In the territory of the Voronezh region of Russia in ordinary middle loam chernozem the elevated concentration of endogenous hydrogen streams up to 0.65% at the depth of 100 - 120 cm was detected. This phenomenon is observed in the center of depressions. The soils differ in morphological, chemical and physical properties. The top humus horizon is markedly bleached comparing to the soil outside the depression: The lightness L readings increase for 16% - 30%. The soil acidity (up to pH 4.5 - 5.0) and organic carbon content are elevated comparing to the sample for reference. The proportion of fulvic acids increases on average thrice as compared with the soils outside the hydrogen fluids influence zone. Despite the high humus content the mechanical strength of aggregates decreases 3 - 4 times. Under conditions of hydrogen fluids, changes occur at the aggregate structural level in the direction of decreasing their mechanical strength. In the center of the depressions strength of aggregates is reduced by 2 - 3 times in comparison with the control. The opposite regularity was observed in the absence of hydrogen flows, where the strength of aggregates was 3 times higher than in comparison with the control.

Local Scale Edaphic Surveys in and out of a &lt;i&gt;Pericopsis elata&lt;/i&gt; (Harms) Meeuwen Natural Forest Stand in East Cameroon

One of the problems limiting high survival rates of Pericopsis elata (afrormosia, assamela), a high value timber species, is lack of data on its pedological requirements. A study was conducted in the East Region of Cameroon to identify possible soil properties favoring its spatial distribution. Two test areas, in and out of a Pericopsis elata natural forest stand were identified and in each sampling units of 50 × 50 m delineated. Thirty eight and sixteen quadrats in and out of the stands were respectively sampled for soil physico-chemical properties, number of stems and diameter at breast height. Soil samples in each quadrat were analyzed following standard laboratory procedures. Soil properties were tested for normality and compared for the two sites using Student’s t-test. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis were performed on tree and soil data to identify soil factors responsible for spatial distribution. From our findings, key soil indicators favouring Pericopsis elata distribution appear to be acidity (soil pH and exchangeable acidity), base status (base saturation and exchangeable bases) and texture (clay content). More specifically, optimal soil conditions for growth and survival of Pericopsis elata are: pH (4.1 - 5.0), exchangeable acidity (&#183kg-1), base saturation (6.2% - 17.8%), and clay content (24.0% - 49.0%), which should be considered in site selection for reforestation with Pericopsis elata.

Physico-Chemical Qualities of Tomato Fruits as Influenced By Pranic Treatment - an Ancient Technique for Enhanced Crop Development

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to understand the agronomic impact of pranic agriculture on tomato. Methods: Assessment of pranic treated tomatoes against the control group were done for their quality and quantity by measuring the overall yield, plant height, diameter of the stem, flowers, flowers per truss and also shelf life of tomatoes. Findings: Increase in height of 18.5% was noticed in pranic group plants as compared to control group. Also, pranic group plants had 12% more stem diameter than control group. Additionally, pranic group plants had 31.7% more flowers per plant when compared to control. When group-wise yield was verified, Pranic group yielded significantly with 31% more than control group. In addition, pranic treatment played a very useful role in controlling the fruit weight loss, shrinkage, titrable acidity and total soluble solids content of tomatoes during storage at room and refrigerated temperatures. Applications: Pranic agriculture impacted the quality, quantity and shelf life aspects of tomatoes, when compared to control.

Comparison of Yield and Pomological Characteristics of Mandarins on Three Different Rootstocks Grown in North Aegean Region of Turkey

Turkey is one of the most important citrus producing countries in Mediterranean Basin. Citrus production is concentrated in Mediterranean region of Turkey followed by Aegean region. Edremit, Burhaniye and Havran are north western districts with cool subtropical climate conditions along Aegean Sea. The district’s economy is based on agricultural activities like olive and citrus growing. The ecological properties of the district have provided growing of high quality of mandarin fruits. In this study, fruit yield, canopy volume and pomological characteristics including fruit weight, length, diameter, rind thickness, total soluble solid content (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and juice content (JC) were investigated in ‘Owari’ Satsuma (Citrus unshiu Marc.), ‘Okitsu’ Satsuma (Citrus unshiu) and ‘Nova’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco x (Citrus. paradisi Macf. x C. reticulata Blanco)) grafted on sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.), trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) and Carrizo citrange (C. sinensis cv. Washington Navel x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) rootstocks. According to the obtained results, ‘Okitsu’ Satsuma had better yield and fruit quality performances than ‘Owari’ Satsuma and ‘Nova’ trees. Moreover, Carrizo citrange should be preferred for replacing the trifoliate orange rootstock which is used traditionally in north Aegean region of Turkey.

건조방법을 달리한 노란 파프리카의 품질특성 변화

The study attempted to investigate the variation in the quality of the yellow paprika according to the duration of the yellow paprika and to use the basic materials for the development of various processed foods. The moisture content of dried paprika was 11.19% on the freeze-drying paprika (FD), and the amount of water was increased by 18.19% on the 15th day of the storage cycle. The pH has been significantly changed depending on the length of the storage period, and the sugar content in FD. The acidity contents was increased during storage in all dried paprikas showed the highest acidity, but hot air-drying paprika(HAD) was lowest in the acidity. The L value was decreased during storage period from the paprika outside and inside. The a value was not significantly dependent on the length of storage period from paprika outside and inside, and the b value increased the during storage period from paprika outside and inside. The texture of strongness, hardness, chewiness, and brittleness were decreased during storage period from all drying paprika except for FD, showing the increasing trend in cohesiveness, springiness, chewiness, and brittleness. The total aerobes changes was the lowest in HAD.

Trophic conditions of forest soils of the Pieniny National Park, southern Poland

Abstract The primary objective of this study was to characterise the edaphic conditions of forest areas in the Pieniny National Park (PNP), and to describe the dependencies between properties of forest soils and types of forest plant communities. The “Soil Trophic Index” (SIGg) for mountainous areas was applied. The evaluation of the trophism for 74 forest monitoring employed the soil trophic index for mountainous areas SIGg or SIGgo. Plant communities in the forest monitoring areas were classified according to the Braun-Blanquet’s phytosociological method. Soils of PNP present in the forest monitoring areas were mostly classified as eutrophic brown soils (72.9%), rendzinas (10.8%), brown rendzinas (5.41%), and rubble initial soils (5.41%). Pararendzinas, dystrophic brown soils, and gley soils were less common (total below 5.5%). In the forest monitoring areas of PNP, eutrophic soils predominate over mesotrophic soils. High SIGg index of the soils is caused by high values of acidity and nitrogen content. The Carpathian beech forest Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum and thermophilic beech forest Carici albae-Fagetum associations are characterised by high naturalness and compatibility of theoretical habitats. The soils of the Carpathian fir forest Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum abietetosum subcommunity is characterised by a higher share of silt and clay particles and lower acidity as compared to the Carpathian beech forest Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum typicum subcommunity. The soils of the forest monitoring areas in PNP stand out in terms of their fertility against forest soils in other mountainous areas in Poland.

Effect of a New Remediated Substrate on Fruit Quality and Bioactive Compounds in Two Strawberry Cultivars

The dredging materials extracted from seaports, considered as contaminants, can be a problem at the time of removal from the environmental point of view. Currently, there is a progressive exhaustion of peatland; and therefore, a substitute for peat mass as a growing substrate is required. These reasons make it a priority to seek solutions in both directions. For this reason has been want to show the suitability of dredged sediment, after being bioremediated for 3 years, as a new substrate in agriculture. Thus, were studied the behavior of dredged remediated sediments on fruit quality and bioactive compounds of two strawberry cultivars “Camarosa” and “Monterrey”. The strawberries were grown on three substrate-based treatments: peat 100%, sediment 100% and 50% both (mixture). Fresh weight, firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, maturity index, sugars, sweetness index, acids, vitamin C, sugars-acids ratio, antioxidant activity and total phenol content were determined for each treatment. The results indicated that no significant differences were established on fruit quality within different treatments. The strawberries grown under dredged remediated sediment (DRS) and Peat-DRS substrate (mixture 50%) showed a high content in vitamin C, total phenols and antioxidant activity, also had the highest sweetness index and a good firmness. The present study has shown that the used of DRS as a growing substrate for strawberries are a valid alternative to satisfy the progressive shortage of the traditional substrates and should be further investigated in order to modify European legislation on growing substrates for agricultural uses.