Achievement Orientation Research Articles

Understanding the Theories and Interventions of Motivation in Organization Development

This article reviews theories of motivation in the workplace, what these theories look like in the modern workplace, and interventions designed to increase individual and system-wide organizational motivation. We explored a wide range of theories, including the expectancy theory, Maslow’s hierarchy, the motivation-hygiene theory, the equity theory, reward structures, cognitive evaluation theory, and feedback, to formulate conclusions about common organization development (OD) interventions that are meant to address the theories. Reviewed interventions include; organization structure design, achievement orientation, goal setting, job design, quality feedback, and empowerment programs. We followed a multidisciplinary integrated literature review approach to move beyond merely summarizing the literature but substantially contributing new and valuable knowledge to the fields of leadership and organization development. The research cements the need for understanding individuals’ needs and goals, the value of quality feedback, rewarding positive behavior, leading with fairness, and allowing space for autonomy.

Do you Really Want to Become a Billionaire? A Look Inside the Inner Theatre of the Super-rich

This article discusses the qualities needed to become super-rich. It highlights the explosion and concentration of wealth. Also, it points out how and where these people made their money. An in-depth look is taken at the personality of these super-rich by reviewing the scripts in their inner theatre. Some of the patterns that differentiate these people from others are listed such as having a magnificent obsession, being persistent, possessing people skills, being non-conformists, self-efficacy, achievement orientation, intuition, a desire to win, calculated risk taking and their perception of money, symbolically. Furthermore, the article looks at the shadow side of these super-rich. Reference is made to the Dark Dyad, this toxic combination of narcissism and psychopathy. Finally, this article also discusses how these people use their money. The impact of wealth on children is reviewed as well as the role of philanthropy. The question is raised whether the super-rich, given their Weltanschauung, are the right people in using their wealth to solve global problems.

Социально-психологический портрет российского IT-предпринимателя

Objectives: to reveal the socio-psychological, personal, and cultural characteristics of Russian IT entrepreneurs. Background. The digital transformation of the economy focuses on new technologies and involves more people. IT entrepreneurship is becoming a desired career of the younger generation in Russia. The country’s technological leadership depends on psychosocial and personality characteristics and attitudes of successful IT entrepreneurs. Nevertheless, research of Russian entrepreneurs in the IT sector is rare. Study design. Using qualitative research method the socio-psychological portrait of an IT entrepreneur is formed on the basis of socio-psychological and personal characteristics (internal locus of control, risk tolerance, achievement orientation), including value orientations: family, creativity, money, self-realization and cultural preferences. One research question and three hypotheses are considered. Participants. After a preliminary selection of respondents, the most characteristic representatives of the IT entrepreneurial social group were selected: 14 male entrepreneurs, 27—35 year old — IT businesses’ owners. Measurement. Thematic analysis of the theoretical type was used to classify the data collected from in-depth semi-structured interviews using a six stage algorithm of V. Braun and V. Clarke. Results. A portrait of the technological company’s founder is presented: nonconformity, independence from family values, high involvement in the work, strong desire to achieve business goals, low interest in cultural symbols and events are revealed. Differences of a Russian technological entrepreneur from an entrepreneur in Russia as a whole (family and material values), as well as differences from a new wave of Western entrepreneurs (nonconformity) are noted. All hypotheses were confirmed. Conclusions. Russian IT entrepreneur in our sample shares similar features with modern entrepreneurs in other countries. The distinguishing characteristics of Russian IT entrepreneur from Russian non-IT entrepreneurs include: low importance of money and material status, neutral attitude to family values.

Comparative Study of the Factors of Female Entrepreneurship in China and Pakistan

Entrepreneurship has become very popular in the recent times and people are pursuing opportunities for new venture creation in different sectors. The phenomenon of “female entrepreneurship” is gaining wide popularity worldwide and now the interest of women in carrying out entrepreneurial activities is also increasing owing to the female empowerment in societies. The female entrepreneurs are highly affected by social, personality and institutional factors that motivate and encourage them in their entrepreneurial activities. The purpose of this study is to find out the impact of social support, financial support, entrepreneurial knowledge and achievement orientation on female entrepreneurial intention along with the mediating impact of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. For this purpose, the data was collected from 311 respondents from China and 311 from Pakistan through the administration of questionnaire. SPSS and AMOS were used for analysis and structural equation modelling has been used. The results have suggested that in case of China, all independent variables have significant impacts on female entrepreneurial intention but in case of Pakistan, financial support does not have the significant impact on female entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, in case of China, the mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy is significant in all cases, but in case of Pakistan, this mediating role is not significant in case of entrepreneurial knowledge.

Formation of motivational competence as a condition for successful professional development of future teachers-psychologists of inclusive education

The article reflects the problem of formation of students' motivational competence in an inclusive environment of the university (motivations of affiliation, achievement, self-actualization and value orientations of the individual), presents the results of experimental work, testing of training for the of professional motivation of students in the process of studying disciplines of socio-psychological orientation, contributing to their successful professional development.

The Relationship Between Motivational Persistence and Achievement Goal Orientations of Vocational School of Health Services Students

Introduction: One of the factors determining the quality of health service delivery is well-trained and qualified health personnel. In addition to receiving a quality education to train qualified health personnel, the importance of the learner being ready and motivated to learn is obvious. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between motivational persistence and achievement goal orientations of Vocational School of Health Services students. Materials and Methods: In this research, which is structured in relational comparison type besides its descriptive feature, we studied with 278 students studying at Health Services Vocational School. The data were obtained with "Motivational Persistency" and "Achievement Goal Orientation" scales. In the analysis of the data, correlation and path analysis were used as well as descriptive statistics. Results: When achievement goal orientation and motivational persistency are examined with all subdimensions, the motivation to follow long-term goals was positively significant with the learning approach. The motivation to follow the current goals was positively significant with the motivation to learning approach achievement and to follow long-term goals while was negative with motivation to approach the performance. The motivation to repeat unattainable goals has been found to be positively significant with the motivation to learn approach, learn avoidance achievement orientations and long-term goals, and to follow existing goals. Conclusion: The results of the research showed that students' achievement learning approach and motivational persistency were prone to iteration subdimensions of unattainable goals. Although the study parallels with the literature, it is important to provide a better understanding of how the achievement goal orientation of the students of the Vocational School of Health Services affects the processes of motivational persistency.

Research on Teaching Reform of Web Front End Design Course Based on OBE Concept of Achievement Oriented Education

Based on the OBE concept, this paper aims to reform the classroom teaching, teaching objectives and practical computer teaching of the front-end web design course. Its purpose is to improve the quality of teaching, let students master the skills required by the front-end web design, achieve the teaching objectives of this course, and lay a good skill and knowledge foundation for future employment.

Overview of Educational Research from Turkey Published in International Journals: A Bibliometric Analysis

The purpose of this study is to examine educational research from Turkey published in international education journals with bibliometric analysis method. For this purpose, the documents published in journals covered by the Web of Science’s (WoS) SSCI, SCI-Expanded and AHCI indexes were reached. A total of 6312 articles were included in the analysis after the necessary exclusion criteria were applied for elimination. Descriptive analysis and bibliometric analysis methods were used to analyze the data. According to the analysis that are conducted based on the WoS citations of the reviewed articles, it is seen that the authors who work in the fields of educational technology and science education stand out in terms of productivity and impact. In terms of the institutions where the authors work, Hacettepe University ranked first regarding the number of articles and Middle East Technical University ranked first regarding the number of citations. According to the co-author analysis of institutions, it is seen that state universities that are based in Ankara form strong co-authorship ties with each other and with other Anatolian universities. Four major clusters emerged in the co-citation (author) analysis. The cluster located in the center of the map mostly consists of researchers working on research methods. The other dense cluster is seen to be composed of researchers focusing on educational psychology, measurement and evaluation, and statistics. It is seen that the third big cluster consists of researchers working on topics of self-regulation, motivation, self-efficacy, goal and achievement orientation and the fourth cluster consists of researchers working in the field of science education. The concepts that become apparent in the clusters emerged from the co-word analysis are student, education, attitude, technology, achievement, performance, science education, efficacy, teacher and knowledge. It is recommended that more detailed reviews of specific fields or subjects identified in this study should be carried out by field experts.

The Role of Leadership and Influence on Employee Performance in Digital Era

This research is a quantitative discretive research. According to Sugiono (2010), quantitative descriptions are research by drawing a conclusion from the data tabulated in the form of frequency distribution tables. The location of this research is at PT Mitra Beton Mandiri (MBM), Pekanbaru Riau City. The sample sample is 67 people. The results showed bbased on the total average value of the leadership recapitulation results, it is known that the respondent's response to the statement on the leadership variable is agree with the average value of 3.95%. From these data it can be seen that the leadership is good. Based on the average value of the performance recapitulation results, it is known that the respondent's response to the statement on the performance variable is in agreement with the average value of 4.00%. From these data it can be concluded that the employee's performance is good. Based on the results of the recapitulation of the leadership variable with the lowest average score for the tenth question with an average score of 3.83, which is for the achievement orientation indicator. Based on the results of the recapitulation of performance variables with the lowest average score for the eleventh question with an average score of 3.90, namely for the Communication indicator.

Same Involvement, Different Reasons: How Personality Factors and Organizations Contribute to Heavy Work Investment.

The academic literature has drawn a clear distinction between a positive form (i.e., work engagement) and a negative form (i.e., workaholism) of heavy work investment (HWI). Nevertheless, the different weight of individual and situational factors contributing to their development was not thoroughly explored. This study aims to investigate the role of individual variables (i.e., obsessive–compulsive traits, achievement orientation, perfectionism, and conscientiousness) and situational factors (i.e., job demands and overwork climate) regarding engagement and workaholism simultaneously. Hypotheses were tested using a sample of 523 Italian employees. Results of structural equation modeling revealed that overwork climate and job demands were conversely related to engagement and workaholism, with job demand reporting the strongest association with workaholism. Furthermore, fear of failure was the only individual factor showing a significant and opposite relationship with workaholism and engagement. In contrast, perfectionism was positively associated with both forms of HWI. These results shed light on the potential effectiveness of intervention strategies focused on the employees and organizations in preventing workaholism and promoting engagement.

Approaches to Learning: Does Medical School Attract Students with the Motivation to Go Deeper?

Graduate-entry, following a science degree, is the preferred pathway into many medical schools, however little is known about how the learning approaches of medical students compare to those of science students. This study compared the learning approaches and achievement orientations of science students with those aiming to enter graduate-entry medicine programs. The two factor study process questionnaire and the achievement goal orientation survey were used to compare students in; stage one: third year science students (n = 86) to graduate-entry medicine students (n = 158); stage two: applicants to graduate medicine (n = 84); stage three: first year science students (n = 363) to first year pre-medicine students (n = 68). Medical students and applicants to medicine demonstrated a greater preference for deep learning than third year science students (p < 0.0001). Pre-medicine students were similar to medical students. Medical students, applicants to medicine and pre-medicine students also all had a greater preference for a learning goal orientation. The preference for a deeper approach to learning and stronger learning goal orientation in students enrolled in medicine or aiming to gain entry to graduate medicine indicates a motivation towards the acquisition of knowledge. Medical educators need to ensure that students continue to develop positive and beneficial styles of learning to assist them to develop into life-long learners.

College women leaders, 1985–2015: achievement motivations across generations

PurposeGiven continuing gender inequality in the upper echelons of organizations, women's leadership aspirations and orientations are of significant research interest. Controversy remains as to whether today's “Millennial” college women approach work with different leadership aspirations and attitudes than previous generational cohorts. This study compares the leadership and achievement orientations of college women leaders from 1985 to 2015, along with peer comparators from 2015.Design/methodology/approachData were obtained from attendees at a conference for college women leaders in 1985 and 2015; male and female comparators were surveyed in 2015.FindingsComparing 1985 and 2015 cohorts of college women leaders suggests both similarity and change, as well as differences between women leaders and their male and female peers. Women leaders from 2015 demonstrated no differences in intrinsic direct achievement, lower self-esteem and higher power apprehension and lower levels of leadership motivation compared to the 1985 cohort. Millennial women leaders reported higher intrinsic direct and power direct achievement than male and female peers, with men higher on competitive achievement than either female group. Millennial women were more concerned about workplace gender equity, about sharing household responsibilities and were more favorable toward using external childcare while working compared to male peers.Practical implicationsImplications for developing young women with leadership potential are discussed.Originality/valueThese results make a strong contribution to understanding the leadership aspirations, achievement orientations and work–life expectations of the next generation of organizational leaders.

Analysis of Motivational Action Conflict Frequency of Turkish High School Students in Terms of Value Orientation

This study was designed to investigate to association between motivational action conflict frequency and value orientation as well as sociodemographic correlates of value orientation among Turkish high school students. Participants consisted of 846 students in different high schools from Marmara region of Turkey and completed Motivational Action Conflict Frequency Survey and Value Orientation Scale. Results of this study suggested that students have average well-being value orientation and low achievement value orientation. There was no significant association between achievement and well-being value orientation and school-leisure time conflict; however, a weak and positive significant relationship exist between achievement value orientation and school time-school time conflict and leisure time-leisure time conflict, and there was a negative low-level significant relationship between well-being value orientation and school time-school time conflict and leisure time-leisure time conflict. The students’ achievement and well-being value orientation were significantly different based on gender and daily studying times. Well-being value orientation associated with high school type, but no significant difference found in achievement value orientation. Lastly, there was no significant difference in value orientation in terms of grade level. The results of this study may also help to understand the correlates of value orientation and motivational conflict frequency in Turkish literature where a very limited number of studies have been conducted.

Managerial Competencies Required to Achieve Sustainable Development Projects: A Proposed Model for Managers

This study deals with the managerial competencies of current managers that are required to achieve sustainable development projects. A comparative literature review is conducted to summarize the critical managerial competencies in general. Then, this is narrowed down to find the managerial competencies that lead to the proper accomplishment of sustainable development projects. Considering these views, the purpose of this exploration is to discover the significance of managerial competencies on the achievement of sustainable development projects. The findings indicate that communication, leadership, development orientation, achievement orientation, motivation, teamwork, innovation, and decision making are the most critical managerial competencies that can enhance the performance of managers towards achieving sustainable development projects. Thus, this article demonstrates a model inclusively for managers to link the found managerial competencies with the realization of sustainable development projects. The model is focused mainly on the specific managerial competencies that will encourage managers to perform outstanding results in recent as well as future sustainable development projects.

IGNITE: Empowering high ability underachieving students to become focused learners in mainstream classes

IGNITE, a high school-based programme, was developed for high ability underachievers using the Achievement Orientation Model (AOM), Maker Model, and Bibliotherapy in a mainstream setting. This paper reports on the effects discovered while implementing the programme over the course of 2 years. Year 7 (13 year olds) and Year 9 (15 year olds) students were trained to use the two interventions, incorporating one of these interventions to challenge their learning in the classroom. The programme for each cohort lasted approximately 10 weeks. Identification alone appeared to increase academic self-efficacy for many of these underachievers. Students were empowered by the student agency involved which supports many of the AOM’s assertions, in particular, environmental perceptions and goal valuation. The interventions, Maker Model and Bibliotherapy, should be used concurrently to produce self-directed students and reduce underachievement in high ability students as they appear to target different factors in the Achievement Orientation Model.

Relationships between value orientations of adolescents and motivational action conflicts

This study aims to examine the relationships between value orientations and motivational action conflicts of adolescents and to determine how the value orientations predict motivational action conflicts and motivational action conflicts predicts value orientations. The research was carried out within the framework of the cross-sectional screening model. The research group consists of 833 (50.9% girls, 49.1% boys) students who are studying in different types of high schools (Science High School, Anatolian High School, High School, and Technical High School) in Kocaeli province. In research, the “Value Orientations Scale” and the “Motivational Action Conflict Scale” have been used as data collection tools. As a result of the research, there were significant relationships between value orientations and motivational action conflict. In conflict, which constitutes a conflict of motivational action, the decision was made as a result of learning, studying and leisure time meaningfully predicts achievement value orientations. It was also found that decision, learning, studying and leisure time in conflict significantly predicts well-being value orientations. It has been determined that achievement and well-being value orientations significantly predict decisions in conflict. Again, achievement and well-being value orientations are found to be a meaningful predictor of learning/studying. Besides, achievement and well-being have resulted in value orientations meaningfully predicting leisure time. Value orientations and motivational action conflicts in adolescents are proposed to be studied experimentally AND with different variables as well.

I See My Future!: Linking Mentoring, Future Work Selves, Achievement Orientation to Job Search Behaviors

Mentoring is related to young adults’ career planning. The present study attempts to examine whether the perception of future work selves could be a critical mediating mechanism underlying the relationship between the reception of mentoring functions and job search behaviors. Moreover, we also investigated the moderating role of achievement orientation on this relationship. We tested our hypotheses with a time-lagged research design. Results indicated that psychosocial mentoring was related to future work selves, and future work selves were associated with job search behaviors. Future work selves mediated the relationship between psychosocial mentoring and job search behaviors. Moreover, achievement orientation moderated the direct and indirect effects of psychosocial function on job search behaviors. Specifically, the aforementioned relationships were stronger when achievement orientation was high compared to when achievement orientation was low. Important theoretical and practical implications for mentoring and career research are discussed in the current study.

Development and Validation of a Short Version Sport Orientation Questionnaire for Chinese Adolescents (SOQ-CA).

A noted decrease in adolescent physical activity in the past decade has resulted in an increase in health risks. Sport orientation correlates closely with physical activity. A sufficient assessment scale that measures an individual’s sport orientation is important to measure an adolescent’s physical inactivity. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a short version of the Sport Orientation Questionnaire for Chinese Adolescents (SOQ-CA). Based on Gill’s SOQ and previous literature, an initial 30-item questionnaire was developed to create the original SOQ-CA. A five-point Likert scale was used to measure by self-report. In this study, three surveys were conducted. Volunteer participants completed 1,235 valid questionnaires. The data of the first collection sample (n = 486) were split randomly into two groups, sample 1 (n = 150) used for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and sample 2 (n = 336) for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The data of the second (n = 377) and third (n = 372) collection samples were used to perform test–retest reliability, internal consistency, and CFA of the SOQ-CA. The SOQ-CA obtained good reliability and validity through both EFA and CFA. The development of the SOQ-CA provides an opportunity to develop further theories and practices regarding the assessment of both sport motivation and individual achievement orientation. The application of the SOQ-CA in China would be significant for monitoring the development of adolescent physical activity and aiding in the implementation of policies.

Czy orientacje życiowe studentów mediują relację między sumiennością jako cechą osobowości a osiągnięciami akademickimi?

Conscientiousness as a personality trait has been recognized as a predictor of students’ academic achievements in numerous empirical studies. The aim of the study was to determine the role of life orientations, moratorium and transitive orientation, in the relationship between conscientiousness and academic achievement. The study was conducted using Social Participation Questionnaire and the NEO-FFI Personality Inventory among 111 full-time students aged 20-25. Conscientiousness turned out to be a predictor of both academic achievement and life orientation, but these orientations did not mediate the relationship between conscientiousness and academic achievement.

Parental behavior and child interactive engagement: a longitudinal study on children with a significant cognitive and motor developmental delay

Knowledge on the long-term interactive interplay between children with a significant cognitive and motor developmental delay and their parents is very scarce. We aimed to characterize the (in)variability and potential mutual influence of parent’s interactional style and child interactive engagement throughout early childhood. Every six months over the course of two years, thirty-five parent-child dyads (children aged 6–59 months) living in Flanders (Belgium) or the Netherlands were video-taped during a 15-minute unstructured play situation. Video-taped observations were scored using the Child and Maternal Behavior Rating Scales. No consistent group-level trend was found. Within singular interactions, parent’s responsive behavior and child interactive engagement (attention and initiation) seem to be strongly related. Initial child initiation seems to positively predict parents’ achievement orientation and directive behavior two years later. Parental responsiveness might be an effective interactional strategy to increase child engagement and higher levels of engagement in children possibly can facilitate parental responsiveness within a concrete interaction. The more initiative children show, the more parents might have hope for developmental benefits resulting from a directive/achievement oriented approach. Further research is warranted applying more differentiated and dynamically evaluated outcome measures and a longer follow-up time frame, with specific attention to inter-individual differences.