Level Of Achievement Research Articles

A HEAP of Perceived Parental Expectations: College Students’ Experience of High Expectations

It can be beneficial for parents to adopt high expectations for their children in school, however high parental expectations have also been linked with heightened levels of student distress and lower academic achievement among college students. To begin to understand this complex relationship, in Study 1 we first developed and validated the High Expectations for Academic Performance (HEAP) scale in adult students. In this scale we distinguish between college students’ perceptions of three types of objectively high academic expectations held by their parents: (1) their parents’ beliefs about their ability to earn top grades (ability beliefs), (2) their parents’ realistic predictions that they will earn top grades (predictions), and (3) their parents’ imposed demands that they earn top grades (demands). In Study 2 we investigated how each of these perceived expectations related to students’ academic achievement. Notably, different associations emerged. Student performance was most strongly associated with perceived parent predictions that students would earn top grades, followed by perceived parent beliefs that students could earn top grades. In contrast, perceived parental demands for top grades were not significantly associated with performance. Implications of this new taxonomy of perceived parental academic expectations and recommended use of the accompanying scale are discussed.

Underprepared Overachievers: A Study of Latin American Graduate Students Studying Abroad in the United States

ABSTRACT Given recent study abroad trends, Latin America (LATAM) offers untapped potential to contribute to U.S. campus internationalization. To diversify student populations and increase enrollment from LATAM, stakeholders should consider the language, academic, and cultural experiences of LATAM students admitted to U.S. graduate schools. This study bridges the gap between higher education institutions and potential students. To do so, mixed methods were employed to analyze the following: (1) responses to a 67-question survey completed by LATAM graduate students (n = 126) studying abroad at a large public R1 university in the Midwest, (2) TOEFL scores, and (3) transcripts of 13 follow-up interviews about academic, cultural, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Results underscore the importance of effective English language instruction during college years to help students meet graduate school admission scores, especially in cases where K-12 English language training was inadequate. The study considers the extent to which participants became part of a community of practice, characterized by attributes such as language proficiency, high levels of achievement, and personal investment in education.

Myanmar EFL Learners’ Perspectives, Structure, Reasoning and Literacy Practices of Argumentative Writing: A Needs Analysis Study

Enhancing proficiency in argumentative writing in English has always been a challenge for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Despite the widespread use of argumentative essays in international tests such as International English Language Testing System (IELTS) and Tests of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) in recent years, the learners usually fail to meet satisfactory achievement levels in the EFL context. This paper investigates the issue closely by reviewing Myanmar EFL learners’ needs, wants, and problems in developing argumentative writing. Although there has been some discussion on factors that potentially challenge EFL learners’ argumentative writing, more research is needed on the integrated assessment to cater to the learners’ needs. This analysis reports the results of a group of undergraduates (n=44) in Myanmar. This research was based on triangulation data, including sources from questionnaires administered to the students’ purposes, preferences, and challenges, and analyzing students’ argumentative writing structurally and qualitatively for reasoning. The findings reveal that students were eager to learn argumentative writing, particularly for their immediate needs. Though students were not well trained with a communicative teaching approach in their curriculum, they preferred to learn argumentative writing dialogically, using classroom debates. They favored learning future argumentative writing courses by communicating meaningfully. Regarding the challenges in argumentative writing, most students could not produce counter-arguments and rebuttals. Based on the data elicited from the students, this needs analysis proposed implementing the integrated learning-to-argue and arguing-to-learn instructions and using argumentative literacy practices to engage students in dialogic learning in the EFL context.

Artificial Intelligence in the Context of Criminal Law Risks

Relevance. The growing digitalization of society, leads to the emergence of new forms of socially dangerous behavior (socially dangerous activity). In many ways, such criminal and legal risks are caused by the involvement of the phenomenon of artificial intelligence in various spheres of human activity. During the operation of artificial intelligence, it is also possible to exert harmful effects on artificial intelligence itself and (or) its carrier, which, from the standpoint of the current criminal law, may not always receive an unambiguous qualification.The purpose of the study is to identify criminal law risks existing in the context of artificial intelligence and formulate scientifically based conclusions regarding the prospects for the development of domestic criminal law and legislation.Objectives: to identify the key criminal law risks associated with the exploitation of artificial intelligence; to check whether artificial intelligence has the properties necessary for criminal personality; to identify possible options for criminal law assessment of harm caused by the exploitation of artificial intelligence; to establish the sufficiency of criminal law resources to protect artificial intelligence itself from socially dangerous behavior.Methodology. The methodological basis of the research was the universal dialectical method of cognition of phenomena and processes of the surrounding reality. During the development of theoretical and applied provisions of the work, a set of general scientific and private scientific research methods (formal logical, predictive, formal legal, etc.) was also used.Results. The prospects for the development of criminal law and criminal legislation of Russia in the context of the problem of artificial intelligence directly depend on the level of scientific and technological achievements in its programming and operation.Conclusion. The modern potential of artificial intelligence precludes raising the question of its criminal legal personality mainly due to its lack of ability to mentally perceive its own socially dangerous activity, which is a prerequisite for criminal liability. The developer of the corresponding program or the operator of the artificial intelligence carrier device must be responsible for causing harm to interests protected by criminal law in connection with the exploitation of artificial intelligence.

Evaluation of Industrial Class Program Implementation in Vocational School

Class industry is something form activity Which followed by participant educate selected by learning directly from teachers in the world of work, namely the business world and the industrial world in a directed manner with the aim of equipping students with appropriate attitudes and skills with the competency skills possessed by students so that they can become provisions in entering the world of work. This research aims to describe the context, input, process, and product from the industrial work practice program in the Skills Program Accounting and Finance at Nurul Hikmah II Vocational School, Bekasi City. This research is study evaluation program with use model CIPP. Approach in This research uses a qualitative approach with a description method. Informant study is Head school, head program, representative head school field curriculum as well as head of the industrial class program, the Business World and the Industrial World (DU/DI) And participant educate. Technique collection data through studies document, interview and observation. The results of the research show that the level of achievement of the class program industry on variable context program class industry in Program Skill Accountancy and The finances of the Nurul Hikmah II Vocational School Institution in Bekasi City are in the good category because in accordance with regulations And planning Which has arranged. Variable input program class industry in Accounting and Finance, Nurul Hikmah II Vocational School, Bekasi City included in the good category based on curriculum synchronization, selection of class participants industry and there is MOU with DU/DI related. Variable process program class industry in the Accounting and Finance Skills Program at Nurul Hikmah II Kota Vocational School Bekasi with the good category is implemented according to schedule and there is monitoring from head school and chairman program class industry. Variable product program class industry in the Accounting and Finance Skills Program at Nurul Hikmah II Kota Vocational School Bekasi is indicated to be very good with a competency test pass rate of 100% out of 20 participant industrial class.

PENGARUH PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH, DANA PERIMBANGAN, SISA LEBIH PEMBIAYAAN ANGGARAN DAN BELANJA DAERAH TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI JAMBI

Regional government financial performance is the level of achievement of work results in the field of regional finance and a tool that can be used to record, measure, assess and achieve effective and efficient implementation of regional financial management. This research aims to examine the influence of local original income, balancing funds, excess budget financing and regional expenditure on the financial performance of district/city regional governments in Jambi province for the 2018-2022 period. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Jambi Province DJPK website and the total data is 55 from 11 district/city samples obtained using non-probability sampling techniques. The results of the research reveal that the regional original income variable has a positive effect on the financial performance of regional governments and the remaining variables over budget financing and regional expenditure have a negative effect on the financial performance of regional governments, but the balancing funds variable has no effect on the financial performance of regional governments. The results of this research indicate the importance of increasing regional funds in improving government performance and services to the community.
 
 Keywords: Regional Original Income, Balancing Funds, Excess Budget Financing, Regional Expenditures, Regional Government Financial Performance.

Effectiveness of the mechanism of goal-setting norms of administrative law: concept, essence and meaning

Based on the analysis of various approaches, theoretical and legal ideas regarding the effectiveness of the goal-setting mechanism of administrative law norms have been determined, and the author’s point of view has been expressed on some fundamental aspects of the problem.
 It is noted that the author is a supporter of the so-called complex approach, according to which the evaluation of any phenomenon from the point of view of its effectiveness has a multifaceted orientation. At the same time, it should be noted that, taking into account the specificity and content of the mechanism of goal-setting norms of administrative law, the basis of such an assessment is the priority approach, according to which the analysis of the achievement of real final results by the mechanism of goal-setting norms of administrative law, embodied in the legal consequences of the implementation of norms, is carried out . At the same time, among the aspects of such an analysis there is a block of social and economic evaluations, where the priority of one or another aspect in one or another case is determined depending on the nature, level, or direction of one or another group of norms of administrative law that is subject to evaluation - that is, it is the direct subject of evaluation on efficiency.
 It is emphasized that the effectiveness of the goal-setting mechanism of administrative law is not limited by social or economic aspects. This mechanism can be evaluated for political purposes (determines the effectiveness of the goal-setting mechanism in terms of the state’s ability to perform internal and external functions, etc.); psychological (evaluates the ability of the goal-setting mechanism to ensure the perception of the norms of administrative law by their addressees); conflict (determines the ability of the goal-setting mechanism to influence the level of conflict in society as a whole, in a certain social group, team, etc.) and other aspects.
 It has been established that the effectiveness of the goal-setting mechanism of administrative law norms is a complex category that includes a set of criteria and indicators that determine the level of achievement by the process of formulating and adjusting the goals of administrative law norms of specific social, economic, political or other results, which is manifested as a result of the implementation of the specified norms.

Measurement of Information System Strategic Planning at Sjakhyakirti University

This study examines the performance of information systems at Unisti based on aspects of Corporate Contribution, User Orientation, Operational Excellence, and Future Orientation. By achieving level 4.0 in several aspects, Unisti has succeeded in making a positive impact through the implementation of IT systems that improve operational efficiency, user satisfaction, and the future vision of the university. Nonetheless, user evaluations also identify some shortcomings that need to be addressed and improved to achieve excellent IT/SI quality. Awareness of the need for continuous evaluation and future innovation is key in ensuring that IT/SI remains an effective tool in supporting the achievement of the university's vision and mission. IT implementation at Sjakhyakirti University as a whole achieved an adequate level of achievement, with 75% from the perspective in the IT Balanced Scorecard considered to have been well implemented

Geogebra Software And Playful Strategies In Mathematics Learning In Students Of A State Educational Entity Of Piura, 2023

The objective of the investigative study was to determine the effect of GeoGebra Software and playful strategies on mathematics learning in students of a state educational entity in Piura, 2023. The research was quantitative, applied and pre-experimental in design. The sample was 48 students, to whom a written test "I demonstrate my learning in mathematics" was administered, which has a KR-20 reliability of 0.823 and expert criterion validity with an Aiken V of 0.88. The results after the application of the program are positively evident in the achievement levels. Before the program, 85.42% of students were below expected achievement (Start and process) and after, 66.67% were in expected achievement and 8.33% in outstanding achievement. In the hypothesis testing, a significance of less than 5% (p<0.05) was obtained, determining the effect of the program in the four dimensions: solves problematic quantity situations; of regularity, equivalence and change; of form, movement and location; and data management and uncertainty, concluding that the use of GeoGebra software and playful strategies have a significant effect on mathematics learning.

Struggling as part of success: International Baccalaureate students’ productive struggle is strongly correlated to mathematical achievement

Productive struggle is an effective mathematics teaching practice that provides students opportunities to grapple with challenging mathematical concepts, connect prior knowledge, discover new ideas, and develop their critical thinking skills. Research has documented the benefits of secondary mathematics students engaging in productive struggle. Additional work is needed to detail how productive struggle relates to students’ mathematical achievement, specifically in the International Baccalaureate (IB) classroom. This study examined what correlation existed between 68 U.S. grade 11 and 12 IB mathematics students’ level of productive struggle exhibited during tasks of varying levels of cognitive demand and their mathematical achievement based on 10 IB established markschemes and a summative assessment. A strong, positive correlation was found between the level of productive struggle and mathematical achievement across all cognitive demand levels. These results support prior work emphasizing the importance of teachers making productive struggle a consistent, pervasive practice in their classrooms to foster student mathematical achievement and understanding.

Impact of The NTN Design on Academic Outcomes

The effect of the New Tech Network (NTN) design on several academic measures was tested on ninth graders in four schools in the Southeastern United States. Results suggest that, when implemented with fidelity to the model, there is a significant effect of the NTN treatment on achievement test scores as students in NTN schools scored higher on both the End of Course (EOC) Math and ELA tests compared to students in control schools. This effect remained after controlling for Poverty, Race, and Preexisting Achievement Level. Students in NTN schools also were slightly more likely to earn dual credit compared to students in the control schools. However, there was no effect of the NTN treatment on dropout rate and students in NTN schools were more likely to be retained in their current grade level compared to students in the control schools.

Pre-Service Turkish and English Teachers’ Achievement Levels, Perceptions of Self-Efficacy and Attitudes in relation to Summarizing Skills

This study aims to compare pre-service Turkish and English teachers’ achievement levels, perceptions of self-efficacy and attitudes in relation to summarizing skills. This study adopted a sequential mixed method research design and there were 265 pre-service teachers who were chosen via convenience sampling. The data were obtained via a story summary rubric, the summarizing attitude scale, summarizing self-efficacy perception scale and a semi-structured interview form. While the quantitative data were analyzed by statistical methods, the qualitative data were subjected to summative content analysis. According to the findings, summarizing achievement level of the participants was at a good level. Also, it was found that the participants had a high level of belief in the importance of summarizing, they enjoyed summarizing at a moderate level, and their attitude scores towards summarizing were high. In addition, the participants' summary-based reading, summary writing and self-efficacy perceptions of summarizing were at a high level. On the other hand, it was revealed that there were no significant differences between the scores of the pre-service English and Turkish teachers in terms of summarizing achievement levels, believing in the importance of summarizing, reading for summarizing, writing summary and summarizing self-efficacy. Finally, there was a significant difference in favor of the pre-service Turkish teachers in the dimension of enjoying summarizing and the overall scores of the summarizing attitudes scale.

The Effect Of Self-Efficacy On Self Actualization In Early Adulthood

Self-actualization is the highest level of human achievement; with it, people can fully explore themselves. To reach self-actualization, self-efficacy is required; having confidence in one's own talents is especially important in early adulthood. The most significant success in early adulthood is the ability to anticipate future needs for themselves. The goal of this research was to examine how self-efficacy affects self-actualization in early adulthood. Quantitative techniques are used in this research. A total of 172 people between the ages of 21 and 45 participated in this research. The sampling technique used is accidental sampling. A simple regression analysis technique was used for hypothesis testing. The results revealed a very significant effect with a value of 0.000 (p≤0.01) and an r-square value of 0.532, implying that self-efficacy affects self-actualization by 53.2%, with the remaining 46.8% influenced by another variable outside this research.

The Optimal Transportation Option in an Underground Hard Coal Mine: A Multi-Criteria Cost Analysis

The issue of transport in underground hard coal mines is very rarely described in the literature. The financial aspects of this issue are even less often analyzed. Publications in this area focus on technical issues and the safety of mining crews. More attention is paid to transport in open-pit mines. The above premises and practical needs imply the need to conduct economic analyses of transport systems in underground hard coal mines. This paper is a scientific communication, which presents the concept of a multi-criteria cost analysis as a tool to support the selection of the optimal transportation option in an underground hard coal mine. Considerations in this area have not been carried out in the relevant literature, and the problem of selecting a transportation option is a complex and necessary issue in the practice of underground mines with extensive mine workings. The methodology presented includes five cost criteria (costs of carrying out the transportation task; route expansion costs; rolling stock maintenance costs; depreciation costs; and additional personnel costs). The simultaneous application of criteria relating to utility properties in addition to cost criteria makes it possible to adopt a specific technical and organizational model of the transportation system based on the indication of the optimal solution, resulting from the mathematical construction of functions of objectives relating to utility and cost. The optimal variant of the designed system and configuration of the material transportation system in underground workings takes into consideration the following: (1) seven utility criteria (KU1—transportation task completion time; KU2—compatibility of transportation systems; KU3—continuous connectivity; KU4—co-use with other transportation tasks; KU5—safety; KU6—inconvenience; KU7—operation under overplanning conditions) and (2) five cost criteria (KK1—costs of implementing the transportation task; KK2—costs of route expansion; KK3—rolling stock maintenance costs; KK4—depreciation costs; KK5—additional personnel costs). Based on the aforementioned criteria, two objective functions are built for each option: utility and cost. They present divergent goals; therefore, they are non-cooperative functions. Both utility and costs strive for the maximum. In the developed methodology, an ideal point is usually a fictitious solution representing a set of maximum values among all the achievable values in a set of solutions, but it is impossible to achieve this simultaneously based on all the criteria. This point illustrates the maximum utility and lowest cost among the alternatives considered, which is obviously impossible for any of the variants to meet at the same time, although it indicates the possibilities of the technique and the range of costs. For the developed method, a so-called “PND” nadir point is also determined, representing the least-preferred level of achievement of all goals simultaneously, determined from the set of optimal points in the Pareto sense. The originality of the conceptual considerations undertaken stems from: filling the gap in the economic methodology of complex transportation systems evaluation; embedding considerations in the trend concerning complex transportation systems of underground mines; and focusing considerations on the pre-investment phase, making it possible to optimize costs before expenditures are incurred.

SCOPE OF AYURVEDA IN PREVENTIVE ASPECTS OF NETRA ROGAS

Acharyas says that “Sarvendriyaanam Nayanam Pradhanam” among all the sense organs, the eyes are the most important. The eyes help us visualize objects and also help us with light, colour and depth perception. Eyes pro-vide us with direction and guide most of our actions. Factors like too much screen time, nutritional deficiency, not getting enough sleep, not wearing sunglasses, staying dehydrated, rubbing your eyes, drinking, and smoking affect vision. One out of every three people in India is blind. Over 15million people are blind in India. The lead-ing causes of vision impairment and blindness are refractive errors, cataracts, ARMD, glaucoma, diabetic reti-nopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, and retinal detachments. Vision impairment severely impacts the quality of life in all age groups. Young and school-going children experience lower levels of educational achievement, while adults have lower employment rates. In the case of older, visual impairment can contribute to social isola-tion, difficulty in walking, and a high risk of falls and fractures. To prevent all these effects, Ayurveda is the on-ly choice. The primary aim of Ayurveda is the prevention of disease and the promotion of positive health. Ac-cording to Ayurveda, to maintain a healthy and disease-free life, one should follow a dinacharya. So, the purpose of this article is to enlighten the scope of Ayurveda in the prevention of Netra rogas explained, especially in the form of dinacharya related to netra, pasta and apathy Sahara and vihara, eye exercise, rasayana therapy and the importance of virechana in neutral rogas.

Penerapan Evaluasi Sumatif dalam Pembelajaran PAI di SMPN 1 Surakarta

Summative assessment refers to a summary of a student's performance and is intended to be reported at the end of a program of study. Although summative assessments do not have a direct impact on learning, they often influence decisions that can impact student learning. This research uses field research with qualitative methods. This method is used to explain complex phenomena by collecting detailed data. The approach used is phenomenological, namely to understand the experiences of research subjects, phenomena, including behavior, perception, motivation, etc., in the context of certain languages and natural environments. Based on the interview findings, before carrying out a summative evaluation, the class teacher carries out a formative evaluation first on PAI learning in junior high school. After carrying out the formative assessment, the PAI teacher at SMPN 1 Surakarta carried out a summative assessment. Summative assessment occurs when all learning material has been completed or at the end of learning, namely during PTS and PAS. At SMPN 1 Surakarta, the summative assessment questions are in the form of multiple choice, true false, matching and essay. Regarding obstacles, because SMPN 1 Surakarta is a state school, the obstacles faced depend on the average level of student achievement. If students are unable to achieve the KKM, they will be given compensation by processing the funding questions submitted in the hope of being able to achieve an assessment according to the specified KKM. Summative assessment is related to summarizing student achievements, and is directed at reporting at the end of a study program. Summative assessments do not have a direct impact on learning, although they often influence decisions that may have consequences for students learning.

The Implications of the Zone of Proximal Development for English Teaching

The "zone of proximal development," conceived by the eminent Soviet psychologist Lev Vygotsky, describes a central framework in educational psychology. Vygotsky's theory posits a two-tiered model of children's intellectual development that includes their current level of achievement and their untapped potential. The zone of proximal development (ZPD) delineates the critical space between these developmental thresholds. This paper contends that through astute observation of students' learning processes, educators can systematically bridge the gap between a student's current level of development and his or her latent potential, thus integrating the ZPD into the domain of realized development. In addition, educators can tailor their instructional strategies to their students' evolving abilities and set new educational goals with the overarching goal of placing students at the centre of the learning experience. This approach is designed to cultivate and enhance students' abilities to learn independently. The following sections provide a comprehensive synthesis and analysis of various teaching methodologies rooted in the theoretical framework of the Zone of Proximal Development. Through a careful examination of these approaches, we seek to illuminate the dynamic interplay between pedagogical strategies and the ZPD, paving the way for more effective and student-centred English language teaching.

Science teachers’ perceptions of the importance of employing the applications ‎of the fourth industrial revolution in education and ‎‏ ‏‎ it’s employment obstacles (a qualitative study) ‎

The current study aimed to reveal the science teachers' perceptions of the importance of ‎applying the Fourth Industrial Revolution applications in education and the obstacles to their ‎employment.‎ Where the interview was conducted on a sample of (12) male and female teachers and ‎supervisors from various scientific disciplines. The results of the study showed the importance of ‎applying the applications of the industrial revolution in developing learners’ motivation and ‎raising the level of achievement. In addition, they help in forming positive attitudes towards ‎learning science through interaction with the technological environment. Attractive. On the other ‎hand, the research confirmed that teachers face a set of challenges in applying such applications, ‎which have been categorized into physical challenges, technical challenges, and psychological ‎challenges.‎ The study recommended the need to reconsider and enrich the curricula in line with the ‎requirements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and to provide training courses for teachers ‎and learners as well as to provide them with basic skills.‎

Toefl Preparation Class in Non EFL Classroom: How is it Impactful on The Non-EFL Learners’ Achievement?

Having problem of reaching the tested aspects of TOEFL particularly on achieving target score of TOEFL set, participants needed to be provided an intervention with TOEFL preparation class before encountering the test. For that reason, this community service activity highlighted the impact of TOEFL preparation class on the non EFL learners’ achievement. One class was used as the sample of this activity in which it consisted of twenty students coming from different major in one of private universities in Palembang, southern region of sumatera. Descriptive analysis with experimental design was used. A test was administered to see whether or not there was a significant improvement on the non EFL learners’ TOEFL-like score achievement. The results revealed that achievement level of the participants were in the elementary and intermediate category. Besides, statistically there was a significant improvement on the EFL learners’ TOEFL-like score intervened by the provision of TOEFL preparation class. Thus, it could be further concluded that TOEFL preparation class was impactful on the non EFL undergaduates’ English achievement. Keywords: TOEFL preparation class; Non EFL Classroom; Non EFL learners’ achievement

Pengaruh Komunikasi Dan Hubungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan: Literatur Review

Performance is the level of achievement and efficiency demonstrated by an employee in carrying out duties and responsibilities at work. Employee performance is measured to what extent he can carry out work that has certain goals and results. The purpose of writing this article is to determine the influence of communication and work relationships on employee performance. Writing this article uses literature study. The method used in this research is qualitative with literature study where the required data is collected through text study, then analyzed using content analysis techniques. Conclusion: Based on the literature study, it shows that from the 6 existing journals it was found that there is a significant influence between communication and work relations on employee performance, where the better the communication and work relations that exist, the better the employee's performance, while the worse the communication and work relations are, employee performance will also worsen where employee performance will affect the performance of a company.