Accumulative Roll Bonding Research Articles

Corrosion behavior of Al/Mg/Al multilayered composite elaborated by accumulated roll bonding

The corrosion behavior of an Al1050/AZ31/Al1050 multilayered hybrid composite fabricated by the accumulated roll bonding (ARB) technique up to six cycles in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was studied through potentio- dynamic polarizationtests (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM−EDS), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In order to deeply apprehend the corrosion resistance and corrosion products of the Al1050/AZ31/Al1050 multilayered hybrid composite, almost similar investigation was performed on the Al1050/Al1050/Al1050 multilayered sample elaborated by ARB up to one cycle. Potentiodynamic polarization plots and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show that the corrosion rate is strongly affected by the ARB strain level. A higher corrosion rate and reduced polarization resistance are evidenced compared to the Al1050/Al1050/Al1050 multilayered sample.The AZ31 layers seem to dominate the corrosion process. Raman and XRD analyses confirm the presence of the main corrosion product of Mg(OH)2 and the absence of any chloride such as (Mg(OH)2)·MgCl2.

Comparison of Mechanical Properties in Ultrafine Grained Commercial-Purity Aluminum (A1050) Processed by Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB) and High-Pressure Sliding (HPS)

Comparison of Mechanical Properties in Ultrafine Grained Commercial-Purity Aluminum (A1050) Processed by Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB) and High-Pressure Sliding (HPS)

Enhancing grain refinement and mechanical properties of AA1100/MgAZ31/AA1100 composites by using different roll bonding techniques

This paper examines the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA1100/Mg AZ31/AA1100 composites processed by conventional accumulative roll bonding (ARB) and cross accumulative roll bonding (CARB) methods. Based on the results, with an increase in deformation strain, Mg layers gradually lose their continuity in the form of localized necking and fragmentation. However, changing the strain path and pre-annealing the initial sheets could retard and homogenize the plastic instabilities. According to the results of electron back-scattering diffraction (EBSD), applying severe plastic deformation led to refined-grain structures with equiaxed grains. The finer grains were obtained in composites processed by the CARB method following the pre-annealing treatment. Employing this procedure also intensified the basal-type texture and circled its shape. The strong basal texture and grain refinement led to the highest Mg alloy and Al hardness values of 99 and 64 HV, respectively. Furthermore, changing the strain path and pre-annealing treatment increased the elongation by 46% in the seventh pass compared to ARBed samples. Also, this procedure increased the ultimate strength from 375 to 391 MPa and gave rise to yield strength from 164 to 176 MPa.

Effects of the Number of Layers and Thickness Ratio on the Impact Fracture Behavior of AA6061/AA7075 Laminated Metal Composites

The initial thickness ratio and number of layers of dissimilar metal components greatly influence the impact performance of laminated metal composites. In this paper, positive and lateral impact tests of 5-layer composite sheets with thickness ratios of 3:1, 1.35:1, and 1:2 and 80-layer composite sheets prepared by ARB (accumulative roll bonding) were conducted to study the influences of the thickness ratio and layer number on the impact fracture behavior of composite sheets. The results showed that the higher the proportion of AA7075, the higher the bending strength of the AA6061/AA7075 laminated composite sheet; compared with the 5-layer composite sheet, the side impact performance of the 80-layer composite sheet is obviously improved, and its side impact strength, energy absorbed in the crack initiation stage, and crack propagation stage are better than those of the 5-layer composite sheet. In addition, the toughening mechanism of the 80-layer composite sheet is mainly that the increase in the number of layers makes the cracks deflect more frequently. Under the rapid impact load, the impact energy absorbed by the sample increases with the increase in the number of layers.

Enhancing the electrochemical performance of Sn-Zn alloy anode foil for lithium-ion batteries through microstructure design via accumulative roll bonding technique

In this study, we introduce a novel method for designing microstructures of Sn-45Zn alloy foils utilizing the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) technique, which is one of severe plastic deformation techniques that have been used for refining the microstructures of bulk metals. The electrochemical properties of Sn-Zn foil anodes with various microstructures achieved through the ARB method followed by annealing are investigated in lithium-ion batteries. The degree and characteristics of microstructural damage during electrochemical cyclic tests are also examined in detail to provide insights into the microstructural parameters that critically influence the capacity and cyclic behavior of the Sn-Zn alloy foil anode. Our findings suggest that the ARB-processed Sn-Zn alloy foil, characterized by nearly ultrafine grains composed of Sn and Zn phases with the Zn phase forming a continuous network, exhibits superior battery capacity and cycle life compared to the sample processed using the conventional rolling method. This superiority can be attributed to its unique microstructure obtained through ARB, which reduces pore density, suppresses pore interlinkage, decreases charge transport resistance and nucleation overpotential, and enhances Li-ion diffusivity in the electrode.

Effect of cube texture on local softening of friction stir welded joints for nanostructured AA2024 processed by accumulative roll bonding

The current research provides an insight into the correlation between the crystallographic textures, microstructure, and hardness of friction stir welded joints in nanostructured AA2024 alloys processed through accumulative roll bonding (ARB). Utilizing varying rotational speeds (250, 500, 750, and 1000 rpm) at a constant traverse tool (150 mm/min) during friction stir welding (FSW), microstructural analyses reveal distinct grain structures and texture components in the nugget zone. The fully recrystallized Cube {001}⟨100⟩ texture-oriented grains appear at the rotational speed of 750 rpm. The hardness profiles of ARB-processed strips after FSW at different rotational speeds show local softening in the nugget zones. There might be a hypothesis concerning the dissolution of stable and metastable precipitates based on generated heat input, providing insights into the mechanisms influencing hardness variations. Notably, the examination of Cube {001}⟨100⟩ texture and its correlation with local softening adds a valuable dimension to the understanding of microstructural changes in FSW of nanostructured AA2024 alloys processed by accumulative roll bonding process.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Copper/Graphene Composites Fabricated via Accumulative Roll Bonding and Heat Treatment without a Controlled Atmosphere

Copper and its alloys are structural materials used in industries and engineering applications due to their excellent thermal and electrical conductivity and chemical stability. Integrating graphene, known for its exceptional electrical conductivity, into the copper matrix is a promising strategy to enhance mechanical properties without sacrificing electrical conductivity. The Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB) process can effectively and homogeneously introduce graphene into the metal matrix and is adaptable to an industrial scale. This study investigates the impact of varying graphene concentrations and two heat treatment protocols (without a controlled atmosphere) on the mechanical and electrical properties of ARBed copper/graphene composites. Optical microscopy revealed minimal voids and graphene clumps, and the energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis revealed the absence of copper oxide in some samples. The conductivity test showed little influence of the graphene content and stress relief heat treatment temperature on electrical conductivity (~86% of the International Annealed Copper Standard) within a limited number of ARB cycles. The tensile tests did not reveal a significant influence of the graphene content and stress relief heat treatment temperature on the ultimate tensile strength (220–420 MPa) and elongation (~2%).

Magnesium based multi-metallic hybrids with soot for hydrogen storage

Magnesium hydride is one of the most sought-after materials for solid state hydrogen storage due to its low cost and high gravimetric capacity (7.6 wt% hydrogen). However, high temperature of desorption (>350 °C) and slow kinetics limit its use for commercial on-board applications. In this work, accumulative roll bonding (ARB) technique has been utilized to synthesise Mg–LaNi5–Mg2Ni-soot hybrid with enhanced hydrogen storage properties. It is seen that the hybrid absorbs ∼6.2 wt% hydrogen at a plateau pressure of ∼2 bar at 300 °C and exhibits fast kinetics with ∼6.6 wt% hydrogen absorption within ∼30 min at 300 °C and 20 bar hydrogen pressure. The role of Mg2Ni as a catalyst as well as hydrogen absorbing medium provides an effect akin to ‘hydrogen pump’, thus enhancing the rate of hydrogen absorption. Presence of carbon in various forms such as aciniform, carbonaceous microgel and cenospheres (derived from soot) plays a vital role by providing channels for diffusion of hydrogen through the hybrid. The ARB technique provides an inexpensive and scalable method of synthesis of Mg based hybrids with large number of interfaces and high amount of strain leading to enhanced hydrogen storage properties.

Preparation, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Matrix Composite by Accumulating Roll Bonding Method

The ARB (Accumulative Roll Bonding) method is greatly watched as a new severe plastic deformation process that uses only a conventional general rolling machine. The ARB method is a preparation method of ultra-fine-grained, high-strength thin metal and alloy sheets by repeated rolling. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effectiveness of the ARB method as a metal matrix composite manufacturing process. At first, alumina particles and short carbon fibers were used as dispersoids, and pure aluminum was used as the thin plate. Then, the dispersoids were deposited on a pure aluminum plate to 2 vol.% dispersoids. Six of these aluminum sheets were stacked to form a multi-layer composite sheet, which was then cold rolled at a rolling reduction of 67%. After rolling, the sheet composites were cut in half, overlapped, and rolled again. The composites were obtained by repeating this process. When the repetition exceeded 6 times, the dispersoids tended to disperse in the aluminum matrix. In addition, uniform dispersion progressed through further repeat rolling. By repeated rolling, the tensile strength of the composite sheets was greatly improved. In addition, the tensile strength of the composites was higher than that of the ARB-processed monolithic aluminum sheet. The improvement in strength was caused by the refinement of aluminum grains rather than the particle dispersion.

Mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and cytotoxicity of biodegradable Zn/Mg multilayered composites prepared by accumulative roll bonding process

Zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and their respective alloys have attracted great attention as biodegradable bone-implant materials due to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the poor mechanical strength of Zn alloys and the rapid degradation rate of Mg alloys limit their clinical application. The manufacture of Zn and Mg bimetals may be a promising way to improve their mechanical and degradation properties. Here we report on Zn/Mg multilayered composites prepared via an accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process. With an increase in the number of ARB cycles, the thicknesses of the Zn layer and the Mg layer were reduced, while a large number of heterogeneous interfaces were introduced into the Zn/Mg multilayered composites. The composite samples after 14 ARB cycles showed the highest yield strength of 411±3 MPa and highest ultimate tensile strength of 501±3 MPa among all the ARB processed samples, significantly higher than those of the Zn/Zn and Mg/Mg multilayered samples. The Zn and Mg layers remained continuous in the Zn/Mg composite samples after annealing at 150 °C for 10 min, resulting in a decrease in yield strength from 411±3 MPa to 349±3 MPa but an increase in elongation from 8±1% to 28±1%. The degradation rate of the Zn/Mg multilayered composite samples in Hanks’ solution was ranged from 127±18 µm/y to 6±1 µm/y. The Zn/Mg multilayered composites showed over 100% cell viability with their 25% and 12.5% extracts in relation to MG-63 cells after culturing for 3 d, indicating excellent cytocompatibility. Statement of significanceThis work reports a biodegradable Zn/Mg multilayered composite prepared by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process. The yield and ultimate tensile strength of the Zn/Mg multilayered composites were improved due to grain refinement and the introduction of a large number of heterogeneous interfaces. The composite samples after 14 ARB cycles showed the highest yield strength of 411±3 MPa and highest ultimate tensile strength of 501±3 MPa among all the ARB processed samples. The degradation rate of the Zn/Mg multilayered composite meets the required degradation rate for biodegradable bone-implant materials. The results demonstrated that it is a very promising approach to improve the strength and biocompatibility of biodegradable Zn-based alloys.

Correction: Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the AA2024/AA5083 ultra-fine grained composite fabricated via accumulative roll bonding (ARB) method

Correction: Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the AA2024/AA5083 ultra-fine grained composite fabricated via accumulative roll bonding (ARB) method

Fabrication of Al/BN composite strips and evaluation of fracture toughness and forming limit diagram

In this study, mechanical properties, fracture toughness (FT) and forming limit diagram (FLD) of Al base composites manufactured by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) have been studies experimentally. AA1100/BN composite strips have been manufactured with thickness of 1 mm up to 10 ARB cycles at 300°C. Their strength enhanced to 168 MPa which was 248 % enhancement than the primary aluminum alloy 1100. Also, the bonding between layers enhanced by fabrication of thin layers through the thickness of composites with more plastic strains. SEM fracture morphology of composites showed that a shear ductile fracture was achieved at higher passes. So, relative to the annealed sample, deep dimples are shrinking slowly. UTS, elongation and hardness of samples improved to 169 MPa, 11.4 % and 55.6 HV after the 10 cycle, respectively. After the first pass as the criterion of formability, the area under the FLDs dropped sharply and then enhanced at higher passes. Based on the results obtained FT enhanced to 30 MPam12 at the 10th pass.

Investigation on Various Ceramic Nanoparticles Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites via Accumulative Roll Bonding and Cryorolling

Accumulative roll bonding (ARB) and cryorolling (CR) processes are used to fabricate three kinds of composites of AA1050 reinforced with SiCp and TiCp, to become the Al‐SiCp, Al‐TiCp, and Al‐SiCp‐TiCp composites. The effects of reinforced particles and different passes of ARB and CR on mechanical properties, microstructure, and particle distribution are studied. The microstructure shows the uniform distribution of particulates, decreased porosity, and excellent bonding between particle and matrix as the rolling cycles increased. Mechanical properties of the ARBed and cryorolled sheets are examined, and samples are compared with matrix alloy and composites. The findings demonstrate that the Al‐SiCp, Al‐TiCp, and Al‐SiCp‐TiCp composites improve the elastic modulus, yield strength, and hardness. After comparing the results of composites, the best combination of hardness, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, toughness, and young modulus base composite has been chosen. Al‐TiCp and Al‐SiCp composites demonstrate ductile fracture behavior, as observed through SEM testing, while Al‐SiCp‐TiCp composite sample exhibits a bimodal fracture. This composite should aid in the creation of lightweight composites for use in aeronautical applications.

Near-Surface Layer Perforations as Precursors to Fracture in Accumulative Roll Bonding of a Multilayered Metal Composite

Near-Surface Layer Perforations as Precursors to Fracture in Accumulative Roll Bonding of a Multilayered Metal Composite

A novel strategy for fabricating phase transforming NiTi shape memory alloy via multiple processes of severe plastic deformation

NiTi shape memory alloy was successfully fabricated from Ni/Ti multilayers via an innovatively combinative route consisting of accumulative roll bonding (ARB), high-pressure torsion (HPT) and annealing. Due to the severe plastic deformation induced by ARB and HPT, the subsequent post annealing time was significantly reduced. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis confirms the occurrence of austenitic and martensitic transformations during heating and cooling process, implying that the shape memory effect was obtained.

Texture evolution and hardening behavior of Al/IF composite produced through severe plastic deformation

In this research, the microstructure, texture, and work hardening behavior of the Al/IF composite were investigated. The composites were produced through up to 7 cycles of accumulative roll bonding (ARB). The microstructure evolution revealed that the IF layer fractured during the process and distributed within the Al matrix due to its higher hardness and higher work hardening rate, as well as formation of shear bands. The main deformation textures formed in the Al layer were the {001} <110>, {4,4,11} <11,11,8>, and {111} <112> components. In the IF layer, preferred orientations of {001} <110>, {110} <112>, and {111} <110> were observed. The produced composite exhibited typical tensile behavior, with strength increasing and elongation decreasing during the process due to an increment in dislocation density and hardening. Additionally, the results revealed that the hardening capacity of the composite decreased during the process; however, the strain hardening rate increased. A noticeable increase in dislocation density and a decrease in crystallite size were found to be the main governing parameters of these variations. Moreover, the fracture mode of the composite changed from ductile fracture to a more brittle mode as a result of hardening.

ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES, FORMING LIMIT DIAGRAMS AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF LAMINATED Al/Fe2O3 COMPOSITES

In this study, electrophysical, electromagnetic and mechanical properties, fracture toughness and forming limit diagram (FLD) of Al base composite samples have been studied experimentally. All samples have been fabricated via accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process. To this purpose, AA1060/ Fe2O3 composite strips with thickness of 1 mm have been fabricated with up to eight ARB passes at 300[Formula: see text]C. In this study, magnetic Al/Fe2O3 composites reinforced with 0, 5% and 10 wt.% of Fe2O3 particles have been manufactured via ARB. The microstructure was studied by optical microscopy (OM). Also, by decreasing the thickness of layers at higher number of passes (increasing the plastic strain), the bonding quality among the layers was improved. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fracture surface morphology of samples after the tensile test showed that by increasing the passes, the fracture style (mode) converted to shear ductile at higher ARB passes. So, deep dimples shrink slowly and their number and depth decreased relative to the annealed sample. As the criterion of formability, the area under the FLDs dropped sharply after the first pass and then improved by increasing the passes. Results of fracture test have shown that the value of fracture toughness has been enhanced continually to the maximum value of 34.3 MPam[Formula: see text] at the 8th pass.

The Effect of Air Exposure on the Hydrogenation Properties of 2Mg-Fe Composite after Mechanical Alloying and Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB)

In this study, we successfully obtained a 2Mg-Fe mixture through mechanical alloying (MA) and processed it via accumulative roll bonding (ARB) (MA+ARB). Our primary focus was to analyze the impact of ambient air exposure while also evaluating the processing route. Some powder samples were exposed to air for 12 months (stored in a glass desiccator with an average yearly temperature and relative humidity of ~27 °C and 50.5%) before undergoing ARB processing. The Mg samples obtained after ARB processing exhibited a (002)-type texture. Our results demonstrate that all samples, including those processed via ARB, could rapidly absorb hydrogen within a matter of minutes despite considerable differences in surface area between powders and rolled samples. Grain size reduction by MA and ARB processing and texturing may have influenced this behavior. ARB-processed samples reached approximately 60% (~1.8 wt.%) of their maximum acquired capacity within just 24 min compared to powders (~2.2 wt.%) stored for a year, which took 36 min. In addition, the desorption temperatures (~300 °C) were lower than those of MgH2 (~434 °C). The absorption and desorption kinetics remained fast, even after prolonged exposure to air. Although there were minor variations in capacities, our overall findings are promising since scalable techniques such as ARB have the potential to produce hydrogen storage materials that are both safe and cost-effective in a highly competitive market.

Improving strength-ductility synergy of nano/ultrafine-structured Al/Brass composite by cross accumulative roll bonding process

Increasing the strength of metallic multilayered composites fabricated through accumulative roll bonding (ARB) is typically accompanied by a sacrifice in ductility. In the current work, we propose a strategy to achieve microstructural refinement and outstanding strength-ductility synergy in Al/Brass composites. Here, the aluminum matrix exhibits a bimodal grain distribution, consisting of fine equiaxed grains with an average size of ∼100 nm and ultrafine-elongated grains, in which the brass fragments were distributed uniformly. These microstructural features, introduced through cross accumulative roll bonding (CARB), provide synergistic strengthening effects. The CARB processed composite exhibits a mean misorientation angle of 43.16° and a fraction of high angle grain boundaries of 87%, compared to values of 38.02° and 79% for ARB processed specimen. The CARB processed composite demonstrates a major texture characterized by prominent Rotated Brass {110}<556>, Rotated Goss {011}<011>, and Rotated Cube {001}<110> components. In contrast, the ARB processed specimen revealed strong Goss {011}<100>, Rotated Goss {011}<011>, Brass {011}<211>, and S {123}<634> components. The Copper {112}<111> and S {123}<634> components were nearly absent in the CARB processed composite, because both of them were unstable under the CARB regime. The CARB processed composite shows a tensile strength of 405 MPa and a remarkable elongation of 12.4% at ambient temperature, outperforming ARB processed specimen with a tensile strength of 335 MPa and elongation of 9.5%. These unique mechanical properties in the CARB processed composite are ascribed to the dislocation strengthening, bimodal grain size distribution, uniformity of the brass fragments, and quality of bonding at the interfaces.

Investigation into microstructural and mechanical properties of Al–Sn alloy fabricated using accumulative roll bonding combined with heat treatment

Al–Sn-based alloy was produced using the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process followed by heat treatment. The effect of ARB cycles and various heat treatment temperatures (300–600 °C) and times (15–60 min) was studied. Microstructural, structural, and mechanical properties of the samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), hardness, tensile, and wear tests at room temperature. Microstructural observations featured aluminum grains with a grain-boundary distribution of the tin phase, confirming the successful production of Al–Sn alloy by using the ARB process followed by the heat treatment process. The ultimate tensile strength and hardness values of the produced alloys were 110 MPa and 45 HV, respectively, after 8th ARB cycles and heat treatment at 600 °C and holding for 30 min. Besides, the wear resistance of the prepared Al-12 wt% Sn alloy was increased when the ARB cycles increased from the first cycle to the 8th cycle. In conclusion, this study reflected that mechanical working (ARB process) combined with heat treatment is an appropriate route to achieve Al–Sn alloy with relatively suitable properties.