Accumulation Area Research Articles

Research on the Distribution Characteristics of the Bulking Coefficient in the Strike Direction of the Longwall Goaf Filled with Slurry

Coal gangue slurry filling is an important technical means for harmless and large-scale disposal of gangue under low-interference conditions, and is one of the most important ways to achieve green mining, which is in line with the national concept of green development. This paper systematically expounds the technical background and scientific connotations of the birth of slurry filling, clarifies the key technology and process principles of slurry filling, and constructs the lag distance and optimization method of slurry filling based on the bulking coefficient. In order to explore the distribution law of the bulking coefficient of the overburden broken zone in the mining process, UDEC numerical simulation and similar simulations were used to analyze the movement law of a coal seam roof and the distribution characteristics of the bulking coefficient. The results show that with the evolution of the spatial structure of the overlying strata of the goaf, the subsidence of the coal seam roof decreases from the bottom to the top, and finally becomes stable. In the advancing direction of the working face, the bulking coefficient decreases continuously, and shows certain zoning characteristics. With the mining, it moves forward periodically with dynamic changes. In the strike direction, it can be divided into three areas: the natural accumulation area, the load-affected area and the gradual compaction area. Finally, the lag distance of slurry filling is determined to be 60 m, and the effect of adjacent grouting filling is good in the field test.

Kin and Non-Kin Connected Plants Benefit More Than Disconnected Kin and Non-Kin Plants under Nutrient-Competitive Environments.

In the natural environment, plants grow and interact with both conspecific and heterospecific neighbours under different environmental conditions. In this study, we tested whether Chenopodium quinoa Willd genotypes differ in growth performance when grown with kin and non-kin under nutrient limitation in pot partitioning treatments. Biomass accumulation, allocation, organ efficiency, and specific leaf area were measured at the end of the experiment. Response variables were differentially impacted by kinship, fertility, and barrier. Total dry mass, shoot dry mass, and root and stem allocation were greater for plants grown with kin in connected pots than with non-kin in connected pots across the nutrient treatments. Kin connected and disconnected plants had a greater specific root length, specific stem length, and average leaf mass than non-kin connected and disconnected plants. Non-kin connected and disconnected plants had greater LAR and SLA than kin connected and disconnected plants under low- and high-nutrient treatments. Plants always grew better in the presence of their kin than non-kin. These results conclude that quinoa plant production benefits from planting closely related individuals under both high- and low-nutrient conditions.

A preliminary study of the cultivable microbiota on the plastic litter collected by commercial fishing trawlers in the south-eastern Adriatic Sea, with emphasis on Vibrio isolates and their antibiotic resistance

Mediterranean Sea is the sixth largest area of marine litter accumulation in the world, and plastic pollution is a growing problem in its Adriatic sub-basin. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cultivable microbiota associated with plastic litter collected by commercial fishing trawlers in the south-eastern Adriatic Sea in comparison with microbiota in seawater and sediment. Plastic litter in the sea contains an autochthonous microbiota that is different from that of the surrounding seawater and sediment. Vibrio abundance was higher on plastic litter than in surrounding seawater and sediment. All isolated Vibrio showing resistance to ampicillin and vancomycin, while resistance to other antibiotics depended on the isolated species. Overall, this study provides for the first time information on the cultivable microbiota associated with plastic litter collected by commercial fishing trawlers and provides a data base for further studies.

Dominant source areas shift seasonally from longitudinal to lateral contributions in a montane headwater stream

Montane ecoregions are important vehicles for downstream hydrologic function, but their dynamics are relatively understudied compared to alpine and subalpine catchments in the western United States. Montane catchments experience shifts in precipitation inputs seasonally, which results in spatiotemporal differences in source area contributions to the stream. We collected hydrometric and geochemical data between 2018 and 2021 from a 2.65 km2 semi-arid headwater catchment in the Front Range of Colorado, USA. Using a combined approach of hydrometric monitoring, geochemical characterization, and end-member mixing analysis (EMMA), we assess hydrologic connectivity between areas with high upslope accumulation and the stream. Within our study area, high upslope accumulation area corresponded to alluvial/ colluvial fans wherein we focused instrumentation and water sample collection. Using observed rainfall, and multiyear measurements of groundwater levels, soil moisture, and streamflow, we observed distinct hydrologic seasons within our catchment characterized by snowmelt during the spring, rainstorms during the summer, and a return to baseflow during the fall. Within this framework, we found that source areas to streamflow shift with longitudinal distance downstream, and among hydrologic seasons. Notably, our EMMA results indicate that contributions from upstream source areas become less important than lateral inputs from spring snowmelt into the fall return to baseflow. This was most pronounced at the upper catchment where upstream contributions to streamflow decreased up to 33.3% between spring and fall. These results suggest that streamflow is maintained by local source areas contributing laterally and vertically. Our results reflect dynamic shifts in hydrologic connectivity in space and in time, which are increasingly important to land and water resource management given rapid climate changes within the western United States.

Estimation of glacier mass balance using remote sensing and GIS technology in the Hindu Kush region of northern Pakistan

The Hindu Kush range of northern Pakistan has a large variety of Alpine and valley glaciers. These glaciers are subjected to volumetric changes owing to a host of factors (i.e. altitude, slope, glacier types, and aspect). The geodetic survey and field-based data are not available for assessment of glacier’s Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) for Hindu Kush due to rough topography and rigorous climate. However, the mass balance of the alpine and valley glaciers can be obtained through ELA and Accumulation Area Ratio (AAR). Therefore, this study deals with the estimation of ELA, the hypsometrically controlled methods based on AAR and Accumulation Area Balance Ratio (AABR). Various ratios between 0.4–0.8 with 0.05 interval for AAR and 0.67–4.4 with 0.01 for AABR are applied to obtain the ELA of valley glaciers. Moreover, the glacier contours with the interval of 50 m ± 5 m were employed for these estimations. The constant AAR and AABR ratios rather than constant glacier area adjust glacier hypsometry based on ELA variations. The results show that for AAR (0.5), 50 m ELA declined from 5409 to 5359 m and reduced (4%) the geometric area. The maximum decrease of 150 m ELA for these glaciers is reported for the AAR-AABR ratio of 0.1–4.4, showing a significant decrease. The estimated decrease in the glacier area of Hindu Kush is extremely variable specifically in Phargam, Khorabohr and Gordoghan.

Early glacier advance in New Zealand during the Antarctic Cold Reversal

ABSTRACTGlacial landscapes preserve records of past climate change. Investigating the glacier–climate system over the Late Quaternary provides information about past climate change and context for present‐day glacier response to climate warming. Using 28 beryllium‐10 (10Be) surface exposure dates and snowline reconstructions, we present glacier fluctuations and climate changes for the Antarctic Cold Reversal in the Ahuriri River catchment, Southern Alps of New Zealand (44°7′50″S, 169°38′29″E). Prominent terminal and lateral moraine features from the upper right tributary of the Ahuriri River valley have exposure ages of 14.5 ± 0.3, 13.6 ± 0.3 and 12.6 ± 0.2 ka, suggesting retreat of the glacier during the Antarctic Cold Reversal. Maximum elevation of lateral moraines (MELM) and accumulation area ratio (AAR) suggest snowline elevations at these ages were ≤700, ≤630 and ~360 m lower than today, respectively. This equates to air temperatures ≤3.9, ≤3.5 and 2.3 ± 0.7 °C lower than today (1981–2010), assuming no changes in past precipitation. Ice‐sculpted bedrock surfaces bound by a lateral moraine at nearby Canyon Creek have an age of 13.1 ± 0.3 ka, indicating the moraine correlates with those in the Ahuriri upper right tributary. MELM and AAR reconstructions from the Canyon Creek suggest that snowline elevations at 14.5–13.6 ka were ≤500 or ~380 m lower than today, corresponding to air temperatures ≤2.8 or 2.4 ± 0.7 °C lower than the present‐day (1981–2010). Our results provide insight into the structure of the Antarctic Cold Reversal in the Southern Alps, showing that the largest glacier advance occurred at the start of this interval at c. 14.5 ± 0.3 ka and was followed by gradual retreat. We hypothesize that the early cooling and glacier readvance in New Zealand at the onset of the Antarctic Cold Reversal were triggered by a latitudinal shift of the Southern Hemisphere westerly wind belt.

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Mud Receiving Area Were Retrieved by InSAR and Interpolation

The mud receiving area is an important sand storage area for dredging sea sand reclamation and sand-dumping in the waterway. The sediment accumulation area generated in the process of sand dumping and sand storage has an impact on the surrounding transportation facilities and the normal use of the entire sand storage area. From 6 August 2021 to 9 May 2022, The Sentinel-1A 24-view SLC data covering the sludge area were used to monitor the safety around the seawall road by InSAR technology. Synthetic aperture radar differential interferometry (Differential InSAR, D-InSAR) technology can obtain surface micro deformation information through single-time differential interference processing, mainly used for sudden surface deformation. D-InSAR technology detected five accumulation areas with a thickness of more than 10 cm near the seawall road, earth embankment, and cofferdam, and TS-InSAR (Time series InSAR) technology was used to retrieve the deformation of the surrounding road. The road settlement is a slight settlement distributed between ±5 mm/a. This paper uses the leveling results combined with variance analysis to verify the fusion of different TS-InSAR methods while considering the area of data loss due to causes such as loss of coherence. This paper also considers the common ground continuity and uses the adjacent interpolation and bilinear interpolation algorithm to improve knowledge of the study area seawall road and the surrounding soil embankment deformation data of the road. Compared with the leveling data, the difference between the missing data and the leveling data after interpolation is stable at about 1–7 mm, which increases the risk level of part of the road which needs to be maintained. It provides a reference method to make up for the missing data caused by ground incoherence.

Новые подходы к прогнозированию крупных месторождений стратегических металлов

Synthesis of the obtained materials by sources of metals, agents of their transportation and areas of deposition or accumulation of ores makes it possible to zone the most promising territories to identify new large deposits of strategic metals. As a result of research the main ore-forming systems – sources of strategic metals are identified; a database of deposits and promising ore occurrences of strategic and high-tech metals of Russia has been created; geological and genetic models have been prepared, and on their basis predictive prospecting models of large deposits of strategic metals; new approaches to forecasting large deposits of strategic metals have been developed, including on the basis of data from the GOCE (Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer) spacecraft, which allow using elements of the deep structure of the Earth's crust in predictive prospecting models; a series of predictive metallogenic maps of the territory of various regions of Russia has been compiled.

АНТИКАВКАЗСЬКА СКЛАДЧАТІСТЬ КУРИНСЬКО-ПІВДЕННОКАСПІЙСЬКОЇ ЗАПАДИНИ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ПІВДЕННОКАСПІЙСЬКОГО БАСЕЙНУ І ПЕРЕДМАЛОКАВКАЗСЬКОГО ПРОГИНУ)

The South Caspian Basin (SCB) is the deepest submerged sedimentary basin in the World and occupies the entire southern deep-water part of the Caspian Sea and the Kura and West Turkmenian lowlands adjacent to it from the west and east. The SCB has the thinnest (6...8 km) consolidated oceanic-type crust and the thickest sedimentary cover (25...30 km). The thickness of the Pliocene-Quaternary deposits is 10...12 km. The thickness of the main oil and gas complex – Productive-Red-Colored Strata of the Lower Pliocene is 7 ... 8 km. More than 6 km of volcanic-sedimentary deposits accumulated within the Lesser Caucasian trough at the Mesozoic stage of development. However, in the western part of the trough the translucent pre-Jurassic basement which has a northeastern orientation formed a similar orientation of the overlying deposits. All of the above mentioned events took place under conditions of compression in the north of SCB which were realized at the level of the consolidated crust by subduction, and at the level of the sedimentary cover by structure forming processes. Primary migration passes into the lateral from the submerged zones to the uplifted ones. Deep faults that have formed transverse folding can also serve as migration routes. The submerged predominantly gas-bearing depositional zone of the Productive Strata is represented by folding of both Caucasian and anti-Caucasian strike. Despite the fact that the Kura-South-Caspian depression at the present stage covers the territory from the Dziruly massif in the west to the West Turkmenian depression in the east inclusive as a single negative structural element, in the Mesozoic time as follows from the above it represented two independent areas of subsidence and sediments accumulation in the Transcaucasian microcontinent (western part) and the Greater Caucasian-South Caspian rift basin (eastern part). Therefore, the anti-Caucasian folding of the Kura-South Caspian depression has a different genesis and naturally a different oil and gas potential.

Стоматологическое просвещение пациентов, находящихся на ортодонтическом лечении

The most effective method in acquiring a beautiful smile and even dentition is the use of a non-removable orthodontic technique – a bracket system. The number of adult patients using a bracket system as an orthodontic treatment is steadily increasing every year. In the process of long-term orthodontic treatment, various complications may arise, such as decrease in oral hygiene level due to new atypical areas of plaque accumulation and further formation of dental tartar – one of the leading factors of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues. We study the hygienic state of the oral cavity and the level of dental education in dynamics among patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. We assess the hygienic condition of the oral cavity in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment and their motivation for proper and successful treatment. We examined 110 patients aged 18 to 35 years. The results showed that the level of hygiene during the year of treatment was unstable and decreased, and therefore it is necessary to pay special attention to the motivation of the patient and the duration of the treatment.

Analyses and Localization of Phosphatidylcholine and Phosphatidylserine in Murine Ocular Tissue Using Imaging Mass Spectrometry.

Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) allows for spatial visualization of proteins, lipids, and metabolite distributions in a tissue. Identifying these compounds through mass spectrometry, combined with mapping the compound distribution in the sample in a targeted or untargeted approach, renders IMS a powerful tool for lipidomics. IMS analysis for lipid species such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine allows researchers to pinpoint areas of lipid deficiencies or accumulations associated with ocular disorders such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Here, we describe an end-to-end IMS approach from sample preparation to data analysis for phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine analysis.

АНАЛІЗ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ВІДХОДІВ ДЛЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЗАКЛАДНИХ МАСИВІВ У ТЕХНОГЕННИХ ПУСТОТАХ

Purpose. The objective of this study is to examine and compile a list of the most common types of backfill materials based on the analysis of successful backfilling practices in the development of technogenic cavities in mineral deposits in Ukraine. Methodology. The study employed theoretical analysis, information systematization, and data synthesis related to the research problem. It investigated the characteristics of different backfilling methods and the experience of using backfill materials in various countries where backfilling practices have been implemented. The study relied on data from government statistics, waste disposal sites, regional environmental reports, and the environmental passport of a leading region in industrial waste accumulation. Results. The study determined that insufficient attention has been given to the analysis and study of various types of industrial waste and their potential utilization as backfill materials for filling technogenic cavities in Ukraine. The main advantages and disadvantages of existing backfilling methods commonly used in mining practice have been analyzed. Among these methods, solidifying backfilling was found to be the most promising in terms of geotechnical stability and reliability of the artificial mass. Based on the analysis of successful backfilling practices, a priority list of the most common types of backfill materials has been made. Additionally, the study examined the volumes of waste accumulation and occupied areas for different types of backfill materials using a leading region as an example. Scientific novelty. The study has identified the most practical and characteristic types of natural and technogenic backfill materials that can be considered for the development of backfilling practices for technogenic cavities in Ukraine. Practical significance. The study of natural and technogenic waste materials, their accumulation parameters, and characteristics is an important step towards the development of effective backfilling practices for technogenic cavities and subsequent restoration of disturbed territories.

Mapping the Accumulation of Invasive Aquatic Plants in the Guadiana River, Spain, Using Multitemporal Remote Sensing

Multispectral remote sensing is very effective for the detection of different types of land cover. Satisfactory results have been obtained in the task of monitoring different types of vegetation covers using satellite images, including areas conquered by invasive aquatic plants such as water hyacinth. Several countries around the world are suffering from negative effects caused by the quick spread of these plants. For instance, several strategies have been carried out for their control and elimination in the Guadiana river, Spain. In this letter, we develop a new methodology capable of automatically finding the geo-location of the most frequent areas of accumulation of invasive aquatic plants in the Guadiana river. Our strategy exploits multispectral time series acquired by ESA’s Sentinel-2 satellite. Once the invasive plants have been detected using deep learning (a convolutional neural network), a subsequent analysis is carried out using geographic information systems to map the areas where water hyacinth patches are most frequently found. In this way, we demonstrate that the management of invasive aquatic plants in the Guadiana river can be successfully carried out.

Discussion on technical countermeasure of improving development effect of low permeability reservoir

Low PERMEABILITY RESERVOIR IS AN IMPORTANT MATERIAL FOUNDATION FOR STABLE PRODUCTION IN OLD AREAS, BUT DUE TO THE limitations OF reservoir physical properties, exploitation methods and other factors, the late production effect is poor, therefore, from the reservoir and development approach, the technical measures to improve oil recovery in low permeability reservoir are discussed. Based on the analysis of the factors influencing the development effect of double low reservoir and the geological characteristics of reservoir, from the viewpoint of seepage mechanics, this paper systematically classifies five indexes, such as main pipe radius, flow percentage, starting pressure gradient, clay mineral content and crude oil viscosity. The five-element combination evaluation method is used to optimize the low permeability point reservoir, and on this basis, favorable oil and gas accumulation areas are found. According TO THE DEVELOPMENT status of low permeability reservoir, reasonable injection-production network and well type are demonstrated to break the bottleneck of conventional low permeability water injection and improve the development benefit of low permeability reservoir.

Fine structure interpretation and reservoir forming characteristics analysis of Jurassic Badaowan Formation in Madong area of Xiayan fault zone

Fine structural interpretation is one of the effective methods to find favorable structural traps and targets. Aiming at the fault interpretation of Jurassic Badaowan Fm in Madong area of Xiayan fault zone is not fine and structural characteristics are not implemented, the structural characteristics of Jurassic Badaowan Fm are implemented and favorable traps are found through the study of seismic, well logging and geological comprehensive methods. The results show that the structure of Jurassic Badaowan Fm in Madong area is high in the north and low in the south. The first member of Badaowan Fm is a delta front subaqueous distributary channel deposit, which is a hydrocarbon enrichment zone. Oil and gas are adjusted along the relay of deep and shallow faults, and the great fault zone and the inherited uplifting zone are favorable accumulation areas of Jurassic Badaowan Fm in Madong area. In this paper, the relationship between deep and shallow fault system and hydrocarbon distribution of Badaowan Fm in Madong area is systematically reviewed for the first time. Combined with the palaeohigh distribution, three favorable hydrocarbon accumulation zones are identified, which provides favorable targets for exploring the hydrocarbon accumulation potential of Badaowan Fm.

Characterizing stream temperature hysteresis in forested headwater streams

AbstractStream temperature (Ts) is a key water quality parameter that controls several biological, ecological, and chemical processes in aquatic systems. In forested headwaters, exchanges of energy across air‐water‐streambed interfaces may influence Ts regimes, especially during storm events as the sources of runoff change over space and time. Analysis of the hysteretic behaviour of Ts during storm events may provide insights into rainfall‐runoff responses, but such relationships have not been thoroughly investigated. As such, our objectives were to (a) quantify the variability of stream temperature hysteresis across seasons in different sub‐regions and (b) investigate the relationship between the hysteretic response and catchment characteristics. Ts hysteresis during storm events was assessed based on the hysteresis index (HI), which describes the directionality of hysteresis loops, and the temperature response index (TRI), which indicates whether Ts increased or decreased during a storm event. We analysed Ts data from 10 forested headwater reaches in two sub‐regions (McGarvey and West Fork Tectah) in Northern California. We also performed a clustering analysis to examine the relationship amongst HI, TRI, topographic metrics, and meteorological characteristics of the study areas. Overall, the hysteretic behaviour of Ts varied across seasons—the greatest HI occurred during spring and summer. Interestingly, in the McGarvey streams the variability in Ts hysteresis co‐varied strongly with topographic metrics (i.e., upslope accumulative area, average channel slope, topographic wetness index). Comparatively, in West Fork Tectah the variability of Ts hysteresis co‐varied most strongly with meteorological metrics (i.e., antecedent rainfall events, solar radiation, and air temperature). Variables such as the gradient between stream and air temperatures, slope, and wetted width were significant for both sub‐regional hysteretic patterns. We posit that the drivers of Ts response during storms are likely dependent on catchment physiographic characteristics. Our study also illustrated the potential utility of stream temperature as a tracer for improving the understanding of hydrologic connectivity and shifts in the dominant runoff contributions to streamflow during storm events.

Chaotic Behavior Analysis and Multifractal Feature Learning of Specular Reflection Ionosphere Clutter for Target Detection

Because ionosphere condition is dynamically varying in the Earth’s middle-latitude, the long-range detection performance of operating high frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) systems is severely restricted by the presence of ionosphere clutter. The development and performance evaluation of target detection under the F-layer specular reflection ionosphere clutter with concentrated power (Fs-concentrated clutter) will be described in this paper. First, this article pays attention to the variable chaotic behavior of Fs-concentrated clutter by using amplitude and phase echo data. Then, this article investigates the multifractal property of the power spectrum between the Fs-concentrated clutter and mixed echo component. The various fractal characteristics of different types of echo component and Doppler scale are analyzed. Next, the singularity intensity correlation function width, the accumulation area of multifractal correlation spectrum and asymmetry parameter are extracted as the learning features. These multifractal feature parameters are fed into the improved AlexNet and Resnet networks for distinguishing the types of echo component. Experimental results using real HFSWR echoes datasets have demonstrated that this proposed method can increase the detection probability by about 20% than the state-of-art detection methods and classical target detection methods under various signal-clutter ratio (SCR) background.

Modeling of accumulation areas of cohesive sediments entering the southeastern Black Sea from Degirmendere River

Modeling of accumulation areas of cohesive sediments entering the southeastern Black Sea from Degirmendere River

Spatio-temporal variability of glacier surface area, ELA, and AAR in the Mago river basin of Arunachal Pradesh

Abstract The spatial and temporal variations of glacier surface area, annual equilibrium line altitude (ELA), and accumulation area ratio (AAR) in Mago basin, Eastern Himalaya, are studied over 1988–2019 using Landsat data. The glacier surface area was mapped using automatic glacier extraction index (AGEI) and 49 glaciers named as G1–G49 were found in 2019. Fifteen glaciers with area greater than 1 km2 in 2019 were selected for analysis. An automatic GIS tool comprising area altitude balance ratio (AABR), AAR, and mean glacier elevation (MGE), and combination of NIR band and Otsu threshold, were used for determining ELA. All glaciers experienced area shrinkage with a total loss of 15.22 km2 (28.48%) at 0.49 km2 (0.92%) per annum. G1, G9, G15, G35, G41, and G42 showed significant decreasing trend in area. Glaciers facing South-West showed highest deglaciation. For the annual ELA, all glaciers showed increasing trend and significant increasing trend was observed in G2, G15, and G40. Overall, there was an increase in ELA by 137.3 m at 4.43 m/year. The average AAR varied from 0.44 to 0.97. Average AAR of about 0.8 was observed in South, South-East, and North facing, about 0.6 in South-West and West facing, and about 0.7 in East facing glaciers.

Influence of reservoir characteristics on size of hydrocarbon reserves in natural reservoirs

The article discusses some of the main criteria that determine the size of reserves in hydrocarbon fields. It is noted that large-scale oil and gas accumulation is possible in natural reservoirs that meet certain conditions. Reservoirs with good characteristics, in the presence of a powerful source of replenishment of hydrocarbons, can form larger deposits with sufficient trap volumes in the natural reservoir. With a homogeneous reservoir with high characteristics, the distribution area of hydrocarbon accumulation can be more concentrated. Heterogeneous reservoirs more often generate hydrocarbon accumulations scattered over the area. Using the example of unique and large deposits in the junction zone of the Yenisei- Khatanga regional trough with the West Siberian depression, a dependence with a high correlation coefficient between the value of hydrocarbon deposits and the effective volume of the trap, which is determined by the effective thickness of the reservoir and the area of distribution of the trap in the natural reservoir, was obtained. In the area of the Vankorskoye , Tagulskoye and Vostochno-Messoyakhskoye fields, the collectors of the Yakovlevskaya and Nizhnekhetskaya formations with the highest oil and gas saturation have the maximum effective capacity and distribution area. Keywords: collector; trap; effective volume; natural reservoirs; large-scale oil and gas accumulation; hydrocarbon reserves.