Acculturation Strategies Research Articles

상호간 교류와 스마트폰에 설치된 앱 이용에 관한 연구: 중국인 유학생들의 문화변용 전략과 앱 이용 방식을 사례로

상호간 교류와 스마트폰에 설치된 앱 이용에 관한 연구: 중국인 유학생들의 문화변용 전략과 앱 이용 방식을 사례로

Xenonarrative texts in literary and narrative communication: functional and pragmatic approach

The article is devoted to the pragmatic analysis of literary xeno-narrative – a special type of literary and narrative communication that implements specific communicative functions and strategies aimed at discursive processing of cultural and linguistic otherness. The discursive processing of cultural otherness is understood as a process of verbal reflection of foreign cultural experience in literary xeno-narrative based on multilevel language means and understanding of the cultural and conventional norms of another linguistic culture in order to minimize the stress of intercultural adaptation. The paper defines the essential features of xeno-narrative, defined as a literary narrative, thematically immersed in the discourse of intercultural interaction, pragmatically reflecting the method of discursive processing of cultural foreignness and intentionally aimed at verbal transfer of mental experience from the author to the reader in the format of literary and narrative communication. The use of discursive, contextual and intent analysis of narrative allowed us to identify functionally and pragmatically determined linguistic and cultural conventions means of discursive processing in xeno-narrative. The following functions of xenonarrative were determined: minimizing the stress of cultural adaptation and verbal transfer of mental experience. In addition, three author’s strategies in literary xeno-narrative were described. The otherness identification strategy includes several trajectories for evaluating the friend / foe categories: “friend” can be connected both positively and negatively, “foe” is hostile at the initial stage of adaptation, but assimilation mitigates negative evaluation semes. The strategy of language acculturation is analyzed in the focus of the secondary language personality formation. The subjectification strategy is aimed at the most complete perception of the system of author's meanings and images, as well as at the reader’s emotional involvement and empathy. Conclusions in the work are made on the basis of the texts of literary xeno-narratives “Die undankbare Fremde” by I. Brezhna and “Girl in translation” by J. Kwok, as well as the electronic corps of Russian, English and German readers' reviews.

How do Chinese Workers’ Acculturation Strategies Influence Their Working Life in Korea? Comparison between Korean-Chinese and Han-Chinese Groups

How do Chinese Workers’ Acculturation Strategies Influence Their Working Life in Korea? Comparison between Korean-Chinese and Han-Chinese Groups

Too similar or too different: Effect of acculturation strategies on judgments of a violent act committed by a Vietnamese offender

In the literature, several studies have shown that the perpetrator’s ethnic origin and acculturation strategy are particularly influential extrajudicial factors, but authors have focused on highly stigmatized groups. The aim of this study was to examine how the participants’ judgments were influenced by the acculturation strategy of a Vietnamese aggressor (member of a valued minority group in France), the consequences of the act for the victim, and their level of SDO. It was expected that assimilation, which reflects a strong similarity with the majority group, or separation, reflecting strong dissimilarity, would lead to negative judgments of the assault and its perpetrator and a harsher punishment. After reading a scenario describing a physical assault committed by a Vietnamese man, in which the perpetrator’s acculturation strategy and the consequences of the act were manipulated, 196 French students completed a questionnaire.The results confirm our hypothesis. Moreover, they show that when there were serious consequences for the victim, the act was considered to be more serious if the offender had not adopted French culture. However, when the consequences were minor, the act was considered to be more serious and a harsher punishment was recommended if the offender had adopted French culture. We explain how acculturation strategy is an important factor when judging transgressions, and how being too similar or too different to the majority group can increase the perceived threat. The status of SDO is discussed.

The Dynamics of Acculturation Among Older Immigrants in Australia

This study explores different acculturation pathways that older immigrants follow, and the social/cultural identities they claim (or do not claim), as they live and age in Australia. Data were collected from 29 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with older immigrants (65+ years) from nine cultural backgrounds. We used participants’ self-defined cultural identity to explore how these cultural identities were enacted in different contexts. Mapping self-defined cultural identity with narratives about what participants do in relation to ethnic and host cultures, we found three dynamic acculturation pathways: (a) identifying with the ethnic culture while embracing aspects of Australian culture, (b) identifying with Australian culture while participating in the ethnic culture, and (c) identifying with both cultures while maintaining the way of life of the ethnic culture. These pathways show that acculturation strategies are not necessarily consistent with self-defined identity, within the same individual or over time. Rather, the participants’ narratives suggest that their life in the settlement country involves ongoing negotiation across people, culture, and relationships. The findings highlight the importance for acculturation research to be situated in the context in which immigrants find themselves, to capture the nuances of these dynamic acculturation experiences.

Transformational, inclusive, and multicultural or empty rhetoric? Perceptions and experiences of international academic staff

ABSTRACT Using a bi-dimensional, fourfold model as a thinking tool to contemplate acculturation strategies we analyse the intercultural experience of international academic staff (IAS) in the United Kingdom higher education. The literature suggests that IAS feel undervalued as a professional group and that institutions do not capitalise on their diverse contributions. We position IAS within the strategic sphere of ethnocultural groups and the institution within the larger society. In a single case study, we analyse IAS acculturation strategies and their perceptions of how their institution accepts diversity. Findings show that IAS are willing to integrate, but do not aim to remove all traces of their own culture and values, adopting integration strategies. Their perceptions are that the larger society does not seek to segregate IAS; however, it does not provide the conditions for IAS to flourish in professional practice, especially at the early stage of transition.

The Relationship of Acculturation, Traumatic Events and Depression in Female Refugees.

Recent research has identified significant correlations between traumatic events and depression in refugees. However, few studies have addressed the role of acculturation strategies in this relationship. This study explored the relationship between cultural orientation, traumatic events and depression in female refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, Eritrea, Iran, Iraq, and Somalia living in Germany. We expected acculturation strategies to moderate the effect of traumatic experiences on depression. The sample included 98 female refugees in Germany. The depression scale of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) represented the dependent measure. The trauma checklists derived from the Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) as well as the Frankfurt Acculturation Scale (FRACC) were used as independent measures for traumatic events and orientation toward the host culture as well as orientation toward the culture of origin, respectively. A moderation analysis was conducted to examine whether the relationship between the number of traumatic events and depression was influenced by the women’s orientation toward the culture of origin and the host culture. We identified a significant model explaining 26.85% of the variance in depressive symptoms (Cohen’s f2 = 0.37). The number of traumatic events and the orientation toward the host culture exerted significant effects on depressive symptoms. The moderating effect was not significant, indicating that the effect of the number of traumatic events was not influenced by cultural orientation. Based on our results, orientation toward the host culture as well as traumatic experiences exert independent effects on depressive symptoms in refugees.

'No Austrian Mother Does This to Sleep Without a Baby!' Postnatal Acculturative Stress and 'Doing the Month' Among East Asian Women in Austria: Revisiting Acculturation Theories From a Qualitative Perspective.

Acculturative stress is a phenomenon describing negative emotions experienced by immigrants in their socio-cultural and psychological adaptation process to the host society’s dominant culture and its population. Acculturative stress is assumed to be one the reasons for higher prevalence of postnatal depression among immigrant women compared to non-immigrant women. Theories and models of acculturation and coping strategies suggest that certain cultural orientations or behaviors could mitigate acculturative stress and postnatal depression. Nevertheless, quantitative studies applying these theories have so far revealed inconsistent results. Given this background, we ask: what can a qualitative study of immigrant women’s postnatal experiences tell us about the interrelationships between immigrant mothers’ acculturation behaviors or cultural orientations, and maternal psychological health? Particularly, we explore the postnatal experiences of Chinese and Japanese women who gave birth in Austria, focusing on their experiences and behaviors influenced by their heritage culture’s postnatal practices (zuò yuè zi and satogaeri). Theoretically, we apply Berry’s acculturation model through a focus on what we call ‘Postnatal Acculturative Stress’ (PAS). By doing so, we identify factors that prevent or mitigate PAS. Another aim of this article is to critically reassess Berry’s model in the context of postnatal care and maternal psychological health. Data were analyzed using a combination of deductive and inductive method through the application of directed content analysis and phenomenological approach. Women’s postnatal experiences were summarized as an ‘unexpected solitary struggle in the midst of dual identity change’ in four specific domains: postnatal rest and diet, social support, feelings toward significant others and identity. Preventive and mitigating factors against PAS included trust (in self and one’s health beliefs) and mutual respectful relationships with and between the significant others. The application of Berry’s acculturation model provided a useful framework of analysis. Nevertheless, the multifarious complexity involved in the process of acculturation as well as different power dynamics in the family and healthcare settings makes it difficult to draw causal relationships between certain acculturation behaviors or cultural orientations with specific health outcomes. Health professionals should be aware of the complex psychosocial processes, contexts as well as social environment that shape immigrants’ acculturative behaviors.

Influencia del proceso de aculturación en la percepción de riesgos psicosociales en el trabajo

ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to analyze the relationships between acculturation strategies and psychosocial risk factors, the acculturative stress and the psychosocial risks, and to assess whether there are differences in acculturative stress depending on the activity sector. Material and methodsThe sample consisted of 201 migrant workers living in the Community of Madrid (49%). Most of them were originally from countries from Eastern Europe and South America. Using a cross-sectional design, we applied Relative Acculturation Extended Model (MAAR) questionnaire to measure acculturation strategies; Barcelona Immigrant Stress Scale (BISS) was applied to measure acculturative stress and psychosocial risks were assessed through the DECORE questionnaire. ResultsThe results showed that there are no statistically significant differences in the strategy used by men and women for each area of acculturation. Participants who used the Marginalization strategy perceived their salary as being low while those who adopted the Intermediate strategy perceived little control over their work. Those who adopted the Integration strategy perceive more work demands (higher job content). Acculturative stress is a predictor of adverse perception of work environment (low control, low rewards and low social support). On the other hand, older workers perceive more control over their work and employees in the home services sector have higher scores in Nostalgia and Psychosocial Stress than those in other sectors. ConclusionsWithin organizations, measures must be put in place to minimize acculturative stress, promote the integration of the workers and improve their perception of psychosocial work factors.

Social-psychological factors of formation of polycultural identity of foreign students

This article describes the experience of studying social-psychological factors the impact the formation of polycultural identity of foreign students. The content of such concepts as “polyculturalism”, “ethnic identity” and “polycultural identity” is disclosed. The results of a series of research carried out in Tomsk in 2019-2020 are provided. A complete sample included 393 respondents (foreign students, Russian students, and educators of state universities of Tomsk). The following research methods were employed: questionnaire, interview, psychological assessment (method of ethnic identity of J. Finney and methodology of comprehensive examination of acculturation of J. Berry), statistical data analysis (descriptive statistics, frequency and correlation analyses). The scientific novelty of this work is defined by systemic approach towards determination of social-psychological factors (ethnic identity, attitude of accepting community, strategies of acculturation) that influence the formation of polycultural identity of foreign students, as well as the role played by each factor in the process of integration of migrants into the accepting society and its culture. The acquired results allow revealing the key barriers in the context of adaptation of educational migrants in the university, as well as making recommendations on their elimination. The authors establish correlation between the strategies of acculturation and the characteristics of ethnic identity of educational migrants, and determine the peculiarities of the attitude of accepting community towards educational migrants.

Acculturation Strategies: The Study of Bi-Dimensional and Uni-Dimensional of Filipino Immigrants in Madrid

In recent decades due to a noticeable increase in migration, there has been increasing scholarly attention given to problems immigrants are facing. It seems that the most significant challenges for immigrants are adapting to the new culture and being part of the new society. However, there are numerous factors that not only may affect the type of acculturation strategy immigrants take advantage of, but also boost adaptation or the other way round, stop them or hinder the adaptation and acculturation process. This paper aims to make a better understanding of the demographical features (age, gender, and level of education) with uni-dimensional and bi-dimensional acculturation strategies. The researcher has used an online questioner (Vancouver Index of Acculturation) for 35 participants (Filipino immigrants) in Madrid, Spain. The author hopes that this paper helps migrants especially Filipinos, who envisage emigration and accommodating in a new society with a new language and culture, to make a better decision for migration concerning gender, age, and educational level in the target country.

Methods to Account for Uncertainty in Latent Class Assignments When Using Latent Classes as Predictors in Regression Models, with Application to Acculturation Strategy Measures.

Latent class models have become a popular means of summarizing survey questionnaires and other large sets of categorical variables. Often these classes are of primary interest to better understand complex patterns in data. Increasingly, these latent classes are reified into predictors of other outcomes of interests, treating the most likely class as the true class to which an individual belongs even though there is uncertainty in class membership. This uncertainty can be viewed as a form of measurement error in predictors, leading to bias in the estimates of the regression parameters associated with the latent classes. Despite this fact, there is very limited literature treating latent class predictors as measurement error models. Most applications ignore this issue and fit a two-stage model that treats the modal class prediction as truth. Here, we develop two approaches-one likelihood-based, the other Bayesian-to implement a joint model for latent class analysis and outcome prediction. We apply these methods to an analysis of how acculturation behaviors predict depression in South Asian immigrants to the United States. A simulation study gives guidance for when a two-stage model can be safely implemented and when the joint model may be required.

The relationship of acculturation to cardiovascular disease risk factors among U.S. South Asians: Findings from the MASALA study

AimWe investigated the association between acculturation strategies and cardiometabolic risk among South Asian (SA) immigrants in the US. MethodsIn this cross-sectional analysis of data from 849 SA participants in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in SAs Living in America (MASALA), we performed multidimensional measures of acculturation to categorize the participants into three acculturation classes: separation (preference for SA culture), assimilation (preference for US culture), and integration (similar preference for both cultures). Differences in glycemic indices, blood pressure, lipid parameters and body composition by acculturation strategy were examined. ResultsWomen in the integration class had the lowest prevalence of diabetes (16.4%), prediabetes (29.7%), fasting and 2-h glucose compared to women in the separation class with the highest prevalence of diabetes (29.3%), prediabetes (31.5%), fasting and 2-h glucose and 2-hr insulin (all p < 0.05). Women in the assimilation class had significantly lower triglycerides, BMI, and waist circumference and higher HDL compared to women in the separation class after adjusting for age, study site, and years in the US. After additionally accounting for socioeconomic/lifestyle factors, women in the assimilation class had significantly lower triglyceride and higher HDL levels compared to women in the separation class (p < 0.01). There was no significant association between acculturation strategies and cardiometabolic risk in SA men. ConclusionSA women who employed an assimilation or integration strategy had a more favorable cardiometabolic profile compared to women using a separation strategy. Future research should investigate the behavioral and psychosocial pathways linking acculturation strategies with cardiometabolic health to inform preventive interventions among SAs living in America.

Prioritising Family Needs: A Grounded Theory of Acculturation for Sub-Saharan African Migrant Families in Australia

Pre-existing acculturation models have focused on individual orientation and may not be fully applicable to African migrants due to their strong connection to family. In this study, we utilised qualitative semi-structured interviews to explore how 22 migrant families from eight sub-Saharan African representative countries: Congo, Eritrea, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Uganda and Zimbabwe, who now reside in Townsville, Australia experienced the acculturation process. Data were analysed at the family unit level using the three steps of grounded theory method: open, axial and selective coding. The theory derived illustrates that the acculturation process involves two major phases (maintaining core moral values and attaining a sense of belonging) within which six categories were identified. Three of the categories were related to deeply held heritage values and beliefs (family relationships, societal expectations and cultural norms), while the other three (religious beliefs, socio-economic gains and educational values) indicated integration with the host culture. These categories constitute central concerns for the participants and demonstrate what matters to them as a family unit and not as individuals. We conclude that a selective process of “prioritising family needs” determines the acculturation strategy of sub-Saharan African migrant families, aiding the fulfilment of their migration goals, ensuring effective functioning of the family unit, and enabling them to be productive members of their local community.

Acculturation Strategies of Chinese University Students in the United States

Acculturation Strategies of Chinese University Students in the United States

Migration and Adaptation as Indicators of Social Mobility Migrants.

The economic and social changes in modern society have resulted in intensive and extensive migrant activity. The article contains a review of social, psychological, and gender aspects of migration from three countries of Central Asia (former Soviet republic)—Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan—in Russia (St. Petersburg). The main objective of our study was to identify socio-psychological mechanisms of migration from Central Asia—the general and specific peculiarities of the acculturation process of migrant workers. Participants in the study were labor migrants from Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan. The research was conducted in St. Petersburg. In total, 98 people aged from 19 to 42 years old took part in the research (median age = 32.26, SD = 3.44), among them, women made up 44% and men made up 56%. Three ethnic groups were represented in the sample: Kyrgyz people (34 persons), Tajik people (32 persons), and Uzbek people (32 persons). The research found both general and specific features related to certain ethnic groups. The research results showed that there were significant differences between the migrants from Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan by the following acculturation indicators: number of social contacts (friends) among representatives of their own ethnicity and among the Russian-speaking population, type of acculturation strategy, degree of life satisfaction, cultural and economic safety, and anxiety level.

Perceived inclusiveness of the social context, acculturation and adaptation of migrants from the North Caucasus in Moscow

Often, the acculturation of migrants has been considered in previous studies in isolation from the social context in which it flows and depends. This article raises the question of the role of perceived inclusiveness of the social context in real acculturation preferences of migrants, as well as in their psychological and sociocultural adaptation. The study involved 175 migrants from the North Caucasus in Moscow, of which 82% were men, average age of 21 years. The research methodology included methods for measuring migrants' perceived acculturation expectations of the host population and migrants’ real behavior strategies, perceived discrimination, life satisfaction, self-esteem, and socio-cultural adaptation. As a result of path analysis, it was revealed that the perceived inclusiveness of the social context positively associated with acculturation strategies, which are based on the interaction with the host population (integration and assimilation), and negatively associated with the separation strategy.Migrants from the North Caucasus who prefer an integration strategy in intercultural interaction demonstrate a high level of psychological and sociocultural adaptation.Migrants who prefer separation strategy demonstrate a high level of psychological adaptation, but a low level of sociocultural adaptation.A low level of life satisfaction is shown by migrants who prefer assimilation strategy. An evaluation of indirect effects showed that perceived inclusiveness of the context leads to sociocultural adaptation through integration and to sociocultural disadaptation through separation, but it can be associated to a low level of life satisfaction through assimilation

Acculturation Strategies of Chinese in Japan:

Acculturation Strategies of Chinese in Japan:

Acculturation of non-native English-speaking teachers in accounting: an ethnographic study

PurposeThis paper aims to examine ethnographic evidence on the acculturation of non-native English-speaking teachers in accounting (ANNESTs) in an Australian university to understand the process, strategies and outcomes of the acculturation process.Design/methodology/approachEthnographies of five ANNESTs representing diverse cultural backgrounds were studied. Data were collected from publicly available sources and informal discussions supplemented by semi-structured interviews.FindingsThe findings show that integration – that is, learning and participating in the Australian host culture while maintaining original cultural values – is the most popular acculturation strategy, followed by assimilation, whereby ANNESTs interact primarily with the host culture and retain loose links with their original culture. ANNESTs covered in this study fall into different stages of the acculturation process depending on their English language competency, the extent of contact with native Australians, cultural proximity and length of residence in Australia.Practical implicationsThis paper concludes that challenges of acculturation confronting ANNESTs concern broader cultural issues than language proficiency alone. Institutional support directed at enhancing teaching effectiveness of ANNESTs should be devised from this perspective.Originality/valueGiven the cultural relevance of accounting systems and the influence of culture on the learning and teaching styles of ANNEST, the study illuminates that ANNEST’s acculturation strategies could facilitate or hinder the ANNEST’s speed of cultural understanding necessary to productively engage in the learning and teaching.

International migration in border regions of Russia: Structural modeling of public attitudes

Changes in migration patterns and structure of international migration in Russia, its shift towards more transit forms in the interests of labor market and local conditions, together with serious economic and demographic losses, determine the need to change the migration policies. Such policies, if they focus on migrants without taking into account the public opinion of the host population, cannot ensure the balance of interests and stability in the region or realization of benefits of international migration. It is the choice of the host population that determines acculturation strategies and success of adaptation and integration of migrants. Based on the data of the sociological research conducted in 2018 in the border regions of Russia, the authors claim the existence of general evaluative factor of public attitudes and present the structural model of its determination consisting of institutional characteristics of regional society and social-structural and identification characteristics of respondents. According to the results of the research, the population of border regions believe that migration does not have any positive impact on the Russian economy and cannot compensate demographic losses, and underestimate risks of discrimination and social exclusion of labor migrants. In the majority of regions studied, the general perception of migration is affected by diasporal identities and comparison of the region with ‘the rest of Russia’. The subjective assessment of personal security, financial situation, migration experience and cultural factors are important for variability of indicators or regions. The study highlights the importance of fight against ethnic prejudices and migrantophobia and of positive public opinion for the effective migration policy reflecting national interests in terms of attracting foreign human and cultural capital.