Abstract
The economic and social changes in modern society have resulted in intensive and extensive migrant activity. The article contains a review of social, psychological, and gender aspects of migration from three countries of Central Asia (former Soviet republic)—Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan—in Russia (St. Petersburg). The main objective of our study was to identify socio-psychological mechanisms of migration from Central Asia—the general and specific peculiarities of the acculturation process of migrant workers. Participants in the study were labor migrants from Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan. The research was conducted in St. Petersburg. In total, 98 people aged from 19 to 42 years old took part in the research (median age = 32.26, SD = 3.44), among them, women made up 44% and men made up 56%. Three ethnic groups were represented in the sample: Kyrgyz people (34 persons), Tajik people (32 persons), and Uzbek people (32 persons). The research found both general and specific features related to certain ethnic groups. The research results showed that there were significant differences between the migrants from Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan by the following acculturation indicators: number of social contacts (friends) among representatives of their own ethnicity and among the Russian-speaking population, type of acculturation strategy, degree of life satisfaction, cultural and economic safety, and anxiety level.
Highlights
Last years’ social, economic and political changes have resulted in growth of intensive and extensive migration activity
We should note that minimum values of knowledge of the Russian language demonstrated by the selection were between 2.5 and 3.8 points
This confirms that the respondents had sufficient knowledge of the Russian language
Summary
Last years’ social, economic and political changes have resulted in growth of intensive and extensive migration activity. The various social-psychological features of migrants and emigrants such as ethnic identity [15,16], characteristics of psychological adaptation [16,17,18,19]. In the Russian scientific literature, the following problems are considered: the emigrants’ experience of interaction with the representatives of foreign culture [1,2,3,4], the features of ethnic identity [5,6,7,8,9,10,11], the degree of cultures similarity [11,12], the personal features of the emigrants [13,14,15], values of migrants [16,17,18,19] and many others. In Russia, the research of the influence of the social-cultural environment on processes of adaptation have started only in the last 10 to 15 years
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