Accident Prevention Measures Research Articles

Analysis and Countermeasure of Traffic Accidents in a Dalians Transportation Group

Nowadays, traffic accidents have become one of the ten major threats to human health, and reducing the damage to life and property has been the people's demands. Traffic accident analysis has its inherently regional difference. The main objectives of this paper is to conduct investigation and statistical analysis on the weather conditions, month, week, hour, road environment, the drivers age and driving-age of the accidents, based on the traffic accidents records of a Dalians transportation group from 2008 to 2012. According to the acquired statistics and countering the geographical and climatic characteristics of Dalian area, this paper put forward traffic accident prevention measures proposed for Dalian area:Timely safety education and training for the drivers, establishing enterprise safety culture and establishing and improving the safety management system of modern traffic.

Metrorail Train Safety Monitoring Central Node Network Computing Environment

Metrorailtrain safetyguarantee and accident preventive measures become more stringent as severity of collisions and derailments happens frequently. Aninnovative safety monitoring and early warning network technology is discussed. This computing environment named Centralnode is used in several Metrorail trains under working condition. It integrates trains real-time dataaccording to aspects of vehiclesinterconnection, function service models and characteristic, uniform storage structure, circulation mechanism, diagnosis fusion interface. It improves the vehicles fault diagnosis accuracy and effectiveness.

Research on the Preventive Measures of Sports Injury Based on Causality Diagram and Analytic Hierarchy Process

Because of the frequent occurrence of injury accident in the sports curriculum, the security of physical education cannot be ignored. So, this paper analyzes the factors of injury accident in physical education teaching process and proposes prevention measures. The establishment of security system in physical education is an urgent problem. This paper studies the causes and countermeasures of sports injury accidents based on two methods: causality diagram and analytic hierarchy process. The first section introduces the principles of causality diagram and hierarchical analysis in detail. The second part of the article establishes mathematical model of the analysis method. The part three of the text investigates and analyzes the accident status and prevention measures of 100 primary schools and universities in Heilongjiang province in the form of literature researches and questionnaires. It also proposes weight coefficients and causality diagrams of Sports Injury Accidents using causal analysis theory. It converts causal diagram into a hierarchical model using the analytic hierarchy process AHP.

Impact of road traffic injuries on disability rates and long-term care costs in Spain

Road traffic injuries are one of the leading causes of increasing disability-adjusted life expectancy. We analyze long-term care needs associated with motor vehicle crash-related disability in Spain and conclude that needs attributable traffic injuries are most prevalent during victims’ mid-life years, they create a significant burden for both families and society as a whole given that public welfare programmes supporting these victims need to be maintained over a long time frame. High socio-economic costs of road traffic accidents (in Spain 0.04% of the GDP in 2008) are clearly indicative of the need for governments and policymakers to strengthen road accident preventive measures.

Temporal and regional variations in accidental deaths of elderly people in Japan

To ascertain the characteristics of accidental deaths of elderly people in urban and rural areas, we analyzed the deaths of elderly people over the 10-year period from 2000 to 2009, in three geographic areas: nationwide, in the 23 wards of the metropolis of Tokyo, and in Saga prefecture. In addition, to assess the regional variation in accidental deaths of the elderly, we aggregated the numbers of accidental deaths of elderly people for each of Japan's prefectures in the year 2009 and categorized the deaths by accident type. The results showed that nationwide, deaths due to threats to breathing, falls, and drowning and submersion are increasing, while deaths due to transport accidents are decreasing, indicating a need for measures to prevent deaths from accidents other than transport accidents. In the urban areas of Tokyo's 23 wards, there is an increasing incidence of deaths due to falls, which is likely due to the high number of structures such as buildings and railway stations that elderly people need to negotiate. In urban areas, measures to reduce the incidence of accidental deaths need to focus on improving the physical environment to help prevent falls. In the rural locality of Saga prefecture, increasing numbers of elderly people are dying by drowning and submersion. The results of analysis of accidents in all prefectures of Japan by accident type show that the causes of accidental deaths of elderly people vary regionally, suggesting that accident prevention measures for elderly people need to consider the characteristics of the locality.

Study on the Measures of Production Safety Accident Prevention and Control

In this paper, based on emerging issue and new trends in the production safety work, there is an system analysis of the situation of production safety accidents that is the "Eleventh Five-Year" period, Hebei Province in China. Occur in different sectors of production safety accidents in-depth study. The characteristics of production safety accidents and laws will be revealed. Production safety accident prevention and control measures will be proposed, and as a basis for management decision-making.

Development of an Empirical Model for Selecting Accident Prevention Measures for Construction Managers

This paper investigates the association between the mindsets of construction managers on the acceptance of accident causation theories and the vigour of implementing safety measures on accident prevention in the Hong Kong construction industry. A questionnaire survey is conducted. The vigour of implementing each accident prevention measure is predicted by a combination of accident causation theories. Each measure is associated with a unique set of predictors revealing management mindsets in pursuit of accident prevention. A new model for decision making of implementing accident prevention measures is then developed and its application is also demonstrated in this paper. This paper found that Hong Kong construction managers have exhibited their commitment to safety by implementing all the accident prevention measures with above average vigour levels. Referring to the results of the correlation and linear regression between the accident causation theories and the accident prevention measures, the extent of construction managers’ acceptance of the accident causation theories do not reflect any linear correlation on their vigour of implementing the accident prevention measures for Safety pre-task planning (M5), Employee pre-qualification (M6), Safety training (M8), Smoking, alcohol and drug ban program (M10), and Safety meetings (M13). The systematic and logical based approach in mapping out the specific accident prevention measures can be adopted by the construction managers so that they can implement appropriate measures for safety performance improvement.

Typology of ROII Patterns on Cluster Analysis in Korean Enterprises

ObjectivesAuthors investigated the pattern of the rate of occupational injuries and illnesses (ROII) at the level of enterprises in order to build a network for exchange of experience and knowledge, which would contribute to workers' safety and health through safety climate of workplace.MethodsOccupational accidents were analyzed at the manufacturing work site unit. A two step clustering process for the past patterns regarding the ROII from 2001 to 2009 was investigated. The ROII patterns were categorized based on regression analysis and the patterns were further divided according to the subtle changes with Mahalanobis distance and Ward's linkage.ResultsThe first clustering of ROII through regression analysis showed 5 different functions; 29 work sites of the linear function, 50 sites of the quadratic function, 95 sites of the logarithm function, 62 sites of the exponential function, and 54 sites of the sine function. Fourteen clusters were created in the second clustering. There were 3 clusters in each function categorized in the first clustering except for sine function. Each cluster consisted of the work sites with similar ROII patterns, which had unique characteristics.ConclusionThe five different patterns of ROII suggest that tailored management activities should be applied to every work site. Based on these differences, the authors selected exemplary work sites and built a network to help the work sites to share information on safety climate and accident prevention measures. The causes of different patterns of ROII, building network and evaluation of this management model should be evaluated as future researches.

Life Cycle Oriented Hazards Identification for Tailings Facility

The tailings accident-prone and the method of hazards analysis and identification are highly valued by Canada, Australia, European Union and other countries. These accidents brought huge loss and a profound lesson such as the “9.8” dam break accident of Shan Xi's new tower, which reflected the limitations of our tailings management and the necessity of study. A method about Life cycle oriented hazards identification for tailings facility, and analyzed hazards of life cycle systematically from technical, human, environment and regulations, such as the unsafe state of tailings pond, the miscount of people, the deficiencies of management and the adverse conditions of environment, and the advice of accident disaster prevention measures for the corresponding life cycle stages was presented, the safety level of the tailing pond in China will be improved.

Statistical Analysis and Countermeasures Study on Road Transportation Accidents of Dangerous Goods

Road transportation accidents of dangerous goods occur frequently. These accidents destroy and pollute the environment seriously, cause huge economic loses and endanger the safety of people's lives and property. 233 cases of road transportation accidents of dangerous goods which occurred during January 2008 to December 2010 were collected in this paper, accompanied by classified statistics and detailed analysis, three countermeasures have been proposed: strengthening the transport of dangerous goods management under severe weather, focusing on the daily inspection and control, implementing accident prevention measures in important region and roads. The study of this paper has important practical significance on researching how to prevent the occurrence of such accidents.

A review of hazards associated with primary lithium and lithium-ion batteries

Primary lithium batteries contain hazardous materials such as lithium metal and flammable solvents, which can lead to exothermic activity and runaway reactions above a defined temperature. Lithium-ion batteries operating outside the safe envelope can also lead to formation of lithium metal and thermal runaway. Despite protection by battery safety mechanisms, fires originating from primary lithium and lithium-ion batteries are a relatively frequent occurrence. This paper reviews the hazards associated with primary lithium and lithium-ion cells, with an emphasis on the role played by chemistry at individual cell level. Safety mechanisms to prevent the occurrence and limit the consequences of incidents are reviewed, together with safety tests to monitor compliance with battery safety regulations and standards. Incident information from news accounts and open literature sources are reviewed to extract causal information. It is concluded that the potential severity of incidents during storage, transport and recycling of waste batteries can be significantly higher than in end-use applications. Safe storage, packaging and labelling practices, as well as communication among the parties involved, are essential to ensure safety across the battery lifecycle. It is recommended that a database of lithium battery incidents would be valuable to improve the evidence base for informing accident prevention measures.

Towards a better reliability of risk assessment: Development of a qualitative & quantitative risk evaluation model (Q2REM) for different trades of construction works in Hong Kong

Since the safety professionals are the key decision makers dealing with project safety and risk assessment in the construction industry, their perceptions of safety risk would directly affect the reliability of risk assessment. The safety professionals generally tend to heavily rely on their own past experiences to make subjective decisions on risk assessment without systematic decision making. Indeed, understanding of the underlying principles of risk assessment is significant. In this study, the qualitative analysis on the safety professionals’ beliefs of risk assessment and their perceptions towards risk assessment, including their recognitions of possible accident causes, the degree of differentiations on their perceptions of risk levels of different trades of works, recognitions of the occurrence of different types of accidents, and their inter-relationships with safety performance in terms of accident rates will be explored in the Stage 1.At the second stage, the deficiencies of the current general practice for risk assessment can be sorted out firstly. Based on the findings from Stage 1 and the historical accident data from 15 large-scaled construction projects in 3-year average, a risk evaluation model prioritizing the risk levels of different trades of works and which cause different types of site accident due to various accident causes will be developed quantitatively. With the suggested systematic accident recording techniques, this model can be implemented in the construction industry at both project level and organizational level. The model (Q2REM) not only act as a useful supplementary guideline of risk assessment for the construction safety professionals, but also assists them to pinpoint the potential risks on site for the construction workers under respective trades of works through safety trainings and education. It, in turn, arouses their awareness on safety risk. As the Q2REM can clearly show the potential accident causes leading to different types of accident by trade of works, it helps the concerned safety professionals and parties to plan effective accident prevention measures with reference to the priority of the risk levels.

Current issues and actions in radiation protection of patients

Medical application of ionizing radiation is a massive and increasing activity globally. While the use of ionizing radiation in medicine brings tremendous benefits to the global population, the associated risks due to stochastic and deterministic effects make it necessary to protect patients from potential harm. Current issues in radiation protection of patients include not only the rapidly increasing collective dose to the global population from medical exposure, but also that a substantial percentage of diagnostic imaging examinations are unnecessary, and the cumulative dose to individuals from medical exposure is growing. In addition to this, continued reports on deterministic injuries from safety related events in the medical use of ionizing radiation are raising awareness on the necessity for accident prevention measures. The International Atomic Energy Agency is engaged in several activities to reverse the negative trends of these current issues, including improvement of the justification process, the tracking of radiation history of individual patients, shared learning of safety significant events, and the use of comprehensive quality audits in the clinical environment.

Analysis of cognition and the ability to prevent accidental injuries of Children

Objective To describe the situation of child accidental injuries, to describe parents' awareness level of child accidental injuries and their safe-protective ability, to describe the situation of child safety education in parents, to study the relationship between parent cognition of child accidental injuries, their safe-protective ability and the incidence of child accidental injuries. Methods A descriptive non-experimental designed related research method was used. 120 parents of children received a questionnaire survey for cognition and safe-protective abihty of child accidental injuries in Dongshan District, Guangzhou City, in April 2009.SPSS11.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results Rate of child accidental injuries was 66.7% and 67.5% of all accidental injuries occurred at home respectively. The two leading causes of accidental injuries are falls and burns. 85% parents were lack of safety education opportunities. Parents' understanding of child accidental injuries is not comprehensive enough and accident prevention measures are not sufficiently improved.There is a negative correlation between parent cognition of child accidental injuries, their daily safe-protective ability and the incidence of child accidental injuries, and there is a positive correlation between parent cognition of child accidental injuries and their awareness of child accidental injuries. Conclusions There is a high rate of child accidental injuries which mainly occurred at home, and falls are the leading reason for injuries, followed by burns. Parents' cognition and safe-protective ability of child accidental injuries are still required to be strengthened and improving parent cognition can contribute to capacity of child safe protection, which may decrease the incidence of child accidental injuries. Parents have rare opportunities to receive child safe education. Key words: Children; Accidental injury; Parents' cognition; Safe-protective ability

Burn disasters in the middle belt of Ghana from 2007 to 2008 and their consequences

Aim To study the survival and mortality trends in four fire disasters in the middle belt of Ghana from 2007 to 2008 and to explore measures that could minimize the risk of future disasters. Methods Data were collected from clinical records from the Burns Intensive Care Unit and the Casualty Unit of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana and from the various disaster sites and the Ghana Police Service. Results A total of 212 were injured from four burn disasters; 37 (17%) died on the spot; 175 (83%) reported to the Casualty Unit out of which 46 (26%) were admitted. The victims admitted had mean age 24.6 years with male to female ratio 2.3:1; 25 (54%) of the admitted victims died. The average burned surface area of the admitted victims was 63%, with a mean survival rate of 46%. Statistical analysis for mortality when the surface area of the burn was >70% was 0.0005 ( P-value). Conclusion The four petrol-related fire disasters showed variable mortality rates. Death and severe disability of victims of future disasters can be avoided if intensive road accident preventive measures and massive public education are encouraged.

Development Strategy for Collision Warning Systems in the Low Price Segment

In the field of safety oriented driver assistance systems, there is the tendency to reduce accidents and their consequences by autonomous interventions in the driving process which are getting stronger and stronger. But this increase of the “effectiveness” also increases the danger emanating from such a system in case of a malfunction. This increases the effort of development and safeguarding and with it also severely the costs of such functions. It is possible however to develop systems with comparable effectiveness without using strong autonomous interventions. For this, Bosch combined very early collision warning with driver assisting functions. This provides the driver with sufficient time to assess the situation and assists in initiating measures for accident prevention in the best possible way. The technical challenge is the realization of an early and at the same time reliable criticality assessment of the traffic situation.

Time to Dust Off Your Compliance Policies

Time to Dust Off Your Compliance Policies

Accidents in Germany

In the year 2006 there were over 19 000 fatal accidents in Germany and estimates put the number of accidental injuries at more than 8 million. Detailed information on the pattern of accidents is indispensable for the definition of priorities in accident prevention.The German Telephone Health Survey 2004 provides representative cross-sectional data on the health of German residents from 18 years of age (n = 7341). Questions on the prevalence of accidents (13 items) were selected for analysis.Every tenth interviewee reported being injured in an accident in the previous 12 months. Men, particularly young men, are at greater risk of accidents than women. Almost one third of all accidents occurred at home. Social status had no influence on the probability of having an accident, but did affect where the accident happened.The survey yields information on the overall pattern of non-fatal accidents in Germany. The data point to target groups for accident prevention measures.

Expansion of Chinese economy and construction safety

Recent studies on the relationship between the present rapid expansion of the Chinese economy and the number and type of construction accidents are described. The paper outlines current health and safety legislation and studies on the causes of construction accidents through literature review, statistical analysis and recently undertaken field studies. The results show that the Chinese construction industry, because of rapid expansion, has entered a period in which there is likely to be a proportionally larger number of accidents because of the present lack of knowledge, skills and expertise in both application of health and safety legislation and general accident prevention measures. It is believed that the construction industry and the government can and should work together to reduce the peak value of present accident data. The paper concludes with a discussion of possible countermeasures that might be deployed to control accident rates.

Relationship between Train Length and Accident Causes and Rates

Train accident rates are a critical metric of railroad transportation safety and risk performance. Understanding factors affecting accident rates is also important for evaluating the effectiveness of various accident prevention measures. Accident rates have been the subject of a number of analyses, but these analyses have generally not considered the effect of train length on accident rate. Accident causes can be classified into two groups: those dependent on train length and correlated with the number of cars in the train, and those independent of train length, corresponding to the number of train miles operated. These classifications have implications for the quantitative effect of various changes in railroad operating practices on railroad safety performance. Whether an accident cause is a function of car miles or train miles affects how safety measures that might reduce the likelihood of that cause will affect overall train accident rate. Accident causes have been classified as car mile or train mile related based on expert opinion, but these classifications have not been quantitatively tested. FRA accident data were used to develop a metric to classify objectively accident causes, and 11 causes were reclas-sified from the previous classification. Based on the results of the study, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate how changes in train length affect individual trains’ accident likelihood and systemwide accident rate. The concept of causes of car mile versus train mile accidents leads to the premise that, although longer trains are expected to experience more accidents than shorter trains, operation of longer trains results in a lower system-level accident rate.