Accident Prevention Measures Research Articles

Prevention of accidents in facilities for the treatment and storage of selected agricultural products

Process safety in the storage and processing of agricultural products is an important aspect related not only to reducing the risk of damage to the human health or property, but is also strategical to national food safety. A special emphasis must therefore be placed on risk assessment of the operation of these facilities. One of the cornerstones of the risk assessment process is the use of knowledge of past accidents. As the agricultural industry is rather marginal in the field of safety engineering compared to other sectors of the economy, available publications dealing with this topic are rather an exception. The aim of this paper is to conduct research on the available information on accidents that have occurred in agricultural processing and storage facilities in the past. The purpose is to provide professionals and operators with a comprehensive source of information useful for activities related to the prevention of these accidents. The output of the work is then a previously unrealised representative database of systematically sorted information on accidents that have occurred in the process of treatment or storage of agricultural products. This information was subsequently analysed and evaluated. The created database consists of 195 records of accidents that occurred between 1989 and 2018. To create a unique representative database, mainly publicly available databases of industrial accidents or professional publications were used. The author's database contains information on accident locations, accident causes and accident prevention measures. A total of 21 persons died and 32 persons were injured during the accidents. The analysis shows that fires are the most frequent manifestation of accidents (86%) and accidents in material handling facilities are the most frequent (33%). According to the information available in the database, organisational factors were identified as the most frequent causative factors of accidents (47%). For a better understanding of the accident process, a description of selected accident scenarios was also provided in the work. A linear model was used for this purpose. Due to the strategic importance of the evaluated facilities for processing and storage of agricultural products, efforts are made to prevent accidents from recurring or to reduce their impact on the surrounding area. Therefore, an integral part of the work is the description of possible measures against the recurrence of similar accidents.

Characteristics and Causes of Construction Accidents in a Large-Scale Development Project

The airport at the Kai Tak district was relocated to Chek Lap Kok in 1998. The Hong Kong Government endeavors to redevelop Kai Tak into a mixed-use community. A total of eight fatal construction accidents have happened since the Kai Tak Development (KTD) commenced in 2013, and seven of them occurred between 2020 and 2021. The alarming figures call for an in-depth investigation of fatal accidents, hence the aim of the current research. Detailed accident investigation reports that outlined accident causation and preventive measures for the eight accidents were collected. With a detailed examination of validity and reliability, the modified loss causation model was applied to analyze the situational variables, incident sequences, and causes of accidents. The results showed that “fall” and “struck by” were the most common accidents in the KTD. Several risk factors for fatal accidents were identified, including “aging workers”, “new to a construction site”, “ethnic minority”, “illegal worker”, “working on weekends”, and “subcontracting companies”. Preventive measures were offered to help government authorities and construction practitioners enhance the safety performance of the ongoing KTD projects. This study contributes to the knowledge of construction safety by identifying safety issues of mega interfacing projects. The practice of learning from accidents should be promoted in order to prevent similar accidents from occurring again.

Evaluation of Tugboat Response Time as an Accident Prevention Measure in the Strait of Istanbul

Evaluation of Tugboat Response Time as an Accident Prevention Measure in the Strait of Istanbul

Elektronik seyir cihazlarının deniz kazalarına etkileri

In recent years, maritime-related organizations and companies have moved to a risk-based approach. To determine the risks, it is necessary to understand comprehensively why accidents occur and how it develops. The most effective measures need to be identified to implement the accident prevention measures successfully. According to the results of scientific studies conducted in the past, 80% of human factors risks were effective in marine accidents. Nowadays, maritime technologies are the most effective method for reducing the risks of human factors. However, the use of electronic navigation devices has not eliminated accidents. In this study, the accident reports for collision and grounding due to the electronic navigation devices' risk was evaluated using Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) method. As a result of the study, more than half of the visible (active) causes of accidents have been identified as operating failure factors in electronic navigation equipment. Recommendations to prevent the occurrence of accident factors have been made.

2020년 국내 화학사고 조사분석 및 효율적 대응 방안 연구

Gyeonggi-do had an exceptionally high number of accidents among the area based on the chemical accidents (226 cases) that occurred in Korea 2020. And the frequency of accidents were high in order Ulsan, Seoul, Jeonnam, Busan, Jeonbuk, Incheon·Chungnam, Gangwon·Chungbuk·Gyeongbuk, Daegu·Gyeongnam, Gwangju, Daejeon, Sejong·Jeju·Changwon. By month, the largest number of chemical accidents occurred in August, followed by June, July, and September. In this study, the causes of major hazardous chemical accidents were analyzed and the response system was studied. In the future, data sharing and effective prevention, preparation and response strategies could be established for the chemical accident prevention measures.

Study on Mining Engineering Safety Management and Accident Prevention Measures

Study on Mining Engineering Safety Management and Accident Prevention Measures

Health implications of knowledge, and attitudes for road safety and protective measures among commercial motorcycle riders in a semi-urban setting in Nigeria

Background: Knowledge of road safety and preventive measures effectively reduces accidents associated with motorcycles. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of motorcycle riders in the Ado-Odo Ota local government area (LGA) towards road safety and accident preventive measures. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study that used a structured questionnaire to collect data related to knowledge of safety measures from the respondents using a stratified random sampling technique to identify potential respondents. IBM-SPSS version 25.0 for Windows IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA, was used for data analysis. Results: There were 374 respondents, of which 69.0% owned the motorcycles, and 31.0% were hired/rented. The knowledge of road safety and preventive measures among respondents was generally poor (46.5%). Rented/hired motorcycle riders displayed better knowledge (55.2%) than owners (42.6%) (P < 0.05). Factors associated with knowledge include being married COR = 2.48 (95% CI = 1.22–5.08; P < 0.05), secondary/higher education COR = 1.90 (95% CI = 1.19–3.05; P < 0.05), and over 6-year of experience COR of 1.69 (95% CI = 1.08–2.63; P < 0.05). Motorcycle owners displayed better attitudes (71.7%) than hired (57.8%) (P < 0.05). Secondary/higher education COR 1.24 (95% CI = 0.78–1.97; P > 0.05), and good knowledge COR = 4.15 (95% CI = 2.50–6.91; P < 0.005) were the determinants of positive attitudes towards safety measures. The overall prevalence of road traffic crashes was 45.2%, higher among riders with insufficient knowledge (47.5%) and negative attitudes (55.7%) towards safety measures. Conclusion: The government and other stakeholders should organize regular training to improve the riders’ knowledge and attitudes towards road safety and preventive measures due to the riders’ inadequate knowledge of safety and protective measures. These actions will help reduce accident rates and consequently reduce road traffic crashes’ medical and economic burdens.

Discussion on Accident Injury and Preventive Measures in Elevator Inspection

Discussion on Accident Injury and Preventive Measures in Elevator Inspection

Research on the prediction of dangerous goods accidents during highway transportation based on the ARMA model

The COVID-19 epidemic has caused a lack of data on highway transportation accidents involving dangerous goods in China in the first quarter of 2020, and this lack of data has seriously affected research on highway transportation accidents involving dangerous goods. This study strives to compensate for this lack to a certain extent and reduce the impact of missing data on research of dangerous goods transportation accidents. Data pertaining to 2340 dangerous goods accidents in the process of highway transportation in China from 2013 to 2019 are obtained with webpage crawling software. In this paper, the number of monthly highway transportation accidents involving dangerous goods from 2013 to 2019 is determined, and the time series of transportation accidents and an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) prediction model are established. The prediction accuracy of the model is evaluated based on the actual number of dangerous goods highway transportation accidents in China from 2017 to 2019. The results indicate that the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) between the actual and predicted values of dangerous goods highway transportation accidents from 2017 to 2019 is 0.147, 0.315 and 0.29. Therefore, the model meets the prediction accuracy requirements. Then, the prediction model is applied to predict the number of dangerous goods transportation accidents in the first quarter of 2020 in China. Twenty-two accidents are predicted in January, 23 accidents in February and 27 accidents in March. The results provide a reference for the study of dangerous goods transportation accidents and the formulation of accident prevention and emergency measures.

Exploring the Impact of Driver Adherence to Speed Limits and the Interdependence of Roadside Collisions in an Urban Environment: An Agent-Based Modelling Approach

Roadside collisions are a significant problem faced by all countries. Urbanisation has led to an increase in traffic congestion and roadside vehicle collisions. According to the UK Government’s Department for Transport, most vehicle collisions occur on urban roads, with empirical evidence showing drivers are more likely to break local and fixed speed limits in urban environments. Analysis conducted by the Department for Transport found that the UK’s accident prevention measure’s cost is estimated to be £33bn per year. Therefore, there is a strong motivation to investigate the causes of roadside collisions in urban environments to better prepare traffic management, support local council policies, and ultimately reduce collision rates. This study utilises agent-based modelling as a tool to plan, experiment and investigate the relationship between speeding and vehicle density with collisions. The study found that higher traffic density results in more vehicles travelling at a slower speed, regardless of the degree to which drivers comply with speed restrictions. Secondly, collisions increase linearly as speed compliance is reduced for all densities. Collisions are lowest when all vehicles comply with speed limits for all densities. Lastly, higher global traffic densities result in higher local traffic densities near-collision sites across all adherence levels, increasing the likelihood of congestion around these sites. This work, when extended to real-world applications using empirical data, can support effective road safety policies.

Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Bicycle-Related Injuries at a Regional Trauma Center in Korea

Purpose We analyzed the characteristics and outcomes of patients with bicycle-related injuries at a regional trauma center in northern Gyeonggi Province as a first step toward the development of improved prevention measures and treatments. Methods The records of 239 patients who were injured in different types of bicycle-related accidents and transported to a single regional trauma center between January 2017 and December 2018 were examined. This retrospective single-center study used data from the Korea Trauma Database. Results In total, 239 patients experienced bicycle-related accidents, most of whom were males (204, 85.4%), and 46.9% of the accidents were on roads for automobiles. Forty patients (16.7%) had an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 16 or more. There were 125 patients (52.3%) with head/neck/face injuries, 97 patients (40.6%) with injuries to the extremities, 59 patients (24.7%) with chest injuries, and 21 patients (8.8%) with abdominal injuries. Patients who had head/neck/face injuries and an Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) ≥3 were more likely to experience severe trauma (ISS ≥16). In addition, only 13 of 125 patients (10.4%) with head/neck/face injuries were wearing helmets, and patients with injuries in this region who were not wearing helmets had a 3.9-fold increased odds ratio of severe injury (AIS ≥2). Conclusions We suggest that comprehensive accident prevention measures, including safety training and expansion of safety facilities, should be implemented at the governmental level, and that helmet wearing should be more strictly enforced to prevent injuries to the head, neck, and face.

Consideration on Risk Assessment and Safety Measures for Occupational Accident Prevention -Background factors for implementing the latest safety measures

Consideration on Risk Assessment and Safety Measures for Occupational Accident Prevention -Background factors for implementing the latest safety measures

Detecting Deformation on Pantograph Contact Strip of Railway Vehicle on Image Processing and Deep Learning

An electric railway vehicle is supplied with electricity by an OCL (Overhead Contact Line) through the contact strip of its pantograph. This transmitted electricity is then used to power the electrical equipment of the railway vehicle. This contact strip wears out due to contact with the OCL. In particular, deformations due to chipping and material loss occur because of friction with the fittings on the OCL. These deformations on the contact strip affect its power transmission quality because of contact loss with the OCL. However, it is difficult to monitor the contact strip during operation and judge its condition in order to implement accident prevention measures. Thus, in this study, we developed a contact strip monitoring method based on image processing for inspection. The proposed method measures the deformation in the contact strip based on an algorithm that determines the wear on the deformed contact strip using deep learning and image processing. The image of the contact strip is acquired by installing a camera and laser to capture the pantograph as it passes the setup. The proposed algorithm is able to determine the wear size by extracting the edges of the laser line using deep learning and estimating the fitted line of the deformations based on the least squares method.

Advances in Drone Technology and IoD Revolutionising Industries

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) are synonymous with drones and are used interchangeably; its many avatars having the same meaning. This paper covers how advancement in technology has enhanced the features of the drone in scope and scale to specific functions demanded across a spectrum of industries. By presenting a review of the application of drones as a cost-effective option, a variety of purposes in various industries is served as well. By using a host of sensors, vision system, and micro-controllers onboard coupled with IoT, the effectiveness of drones in collecting, analyzing, and providing data has increased multifold, upgrading existing usage and throwing open new avenues of applications. To alleviate the possibilities of the transport-related congestion and its consequences, developments in the Internet of Drones (IoD) architecture and system are studied for seamless operations, to manage the heavy traffic of drones envisaged in their airway paths, interconnections and nodal hubs for collision avoidance and safety, accident prevention and emergency measures. Traditionally, drones got inducted in combat operations for intelligence gathering and reconnaissance. This paper puts the drones and its wide-ranging application in terms of historical, current and future perspectives across sectors covering agriculture, natural habitats, construction, logistics, entertainment, healthcare, law enforcement, and disaster management; natural or manmade. COVID-19 has set a new norm globally and therefore drones need to be relevant to the changed environment and at the same time address newer challenges for wider acceptance.

Precipitation influence assessment on accidents risk outside built-up areas

Introduction. The Road Traffic Safety Strategy in the Russian Federation for 2018-2023 includes the tasks of reducing an accident rate, among which the problem of accidents outside built-up areas is highlighted. The accidents outside built-up areas are characterized with high severity of consequences. The analysis of accident factors is necessary for the development of methods to improve road safety by preventing road accidents.Determining functional dependence is necessary for the development of information road safety management systems.The article is devoted to the study of the influence of precipitation amount on the change in the risk of road accidents.Materials and methods. The study applied a relative risk analysis, which is calculated by comparing observed variables of two groups: total rainfall data (climatic frequencies) and accident sampling (frequency at time of accident).The study bases on the data of road accidents with victims and material damage that have been registered on the А-322 road (Barnaul – Rubtsovsk – the state border with the Republic of Kazakhstan) during the period from 2012 to 2017.Results. A graph functional dependence and piece wise linear functional dependency were obtained. As the result of approximation, functional dependencies in the form of third-order polynomial function were found.Practical importance. The obtained functional dependencies can be used in the management system to assess the current risk of road accidents on roads outside build-up areas. The regularity of the influence of precipitation on the risk of road accidents can be used to implement accident prevention measures at the stage of road design and operation.Originality. The study contains new results on the nonlinear form of the functional dependence of the amount of precipitation on the risk of road accidents.

Modeling the Complexity of Road Accidents Prevention

Simplistic representations of traffic safety disregard the dynamic interactions between the components of the road transport system (RTS). The resultant road accident (RA) preventive measures are consequently focused almost solely on individual/team failures at the sharp end of the RTS (mainly the road users). The RTS is complex and therefore cannot be easily understood by studying the system parts in isolation. The study modeled the occurrence of road accidents in Uganda using the dynamic synthesis methodology (DSM). This article presents the work done in the first three stages of the DSM. Data was collected from various stakeholders including road users, traffic police officers, road users, and road constructors. The study focused on RA prevention by considering the linear and non-linear interactions of the variables during the pre-crash phase. Qualitative models were developed and from these, key leverage points that could possibly lower the road accident incidences demonstrating the need for a shared system wide responsibility for road safety at all levels are suggested.

Crane safety standards: Problem analysis and safety assurance planning

This study examines crane-related current legislation in South Korea, extracting existing relevant safety standards, analyzing problems within the extracted safety standards, and proposing improvement measures for accident prevention. The present study consisted of a total of four stages: (1) relevant law collection and classification, (2) safety standards extraction, (3) problem analysis, and (4) improvement plan generation. Content analysis revealed that ten Acts contain crane-related provisions, of which 7 set out 288 safety standards. We analyzed the provisions for problems of duplication, inadequacy, and conflict and suggest ways to prevent accidents due to problems of safety standards. Problems associated with crane-related safety standards can be placed into three categories: insufficiency problems, contradiction problems, and ambiguity problems. This paper proposes three improvement measures to address these problems: (1) restoration of abolished safety standards or strengthening of relaxed spec requirements, (2) harmonization of safety standards among related government authorities to ensure consistency across standards, and (3) use of unambiguous expressions to avoid confusion. The results of this study provide a foundation for a future action plan and implementation of necessary measures to proactively prevent recurring crane accidents.

Optimization Model for Planning Set of Measures to Prevent Occupational Injuries in Machine-Building Enterprises

Abstract Criteria of occupational injuries potential risk in the machine-building industry are described in the article. Systemic analysis of the structure of the measures to prevent occupational injuries is given. Main tasks to reduce the risk of industrial injury at the machine-building enterprise are analysed. The methodology for optimal planning of accident prevention measures at the machine-building enterprise is described. A mathematical interpretation of the problem is given. The objective function is an argument of the maximum integral effectiveness for the set of planned measures to prevent occupational injuries. Constraint set of the optimization model describes the impossibility to exceed the allowable limit of cost, the feasibility and the possibility of implementing the measure’s plan reasoning from the technological and construction requirements of existing production engineering.

Recent trends and challenges for older adults at community sport clubs in Japan: Analysis of FY 2016 Survey Results on Comprehensive Community Sports Clubs

Objectives Comprehensive community sports clubs (CCSCs), of which more than 3,500 exist in Japan, have the potential to contribute to healthy aging in older adults, but their effect on this population has not, thus far, been well explored. This study aimed to investigate the current environment affecting seniors at Japanese CCSCs and to examine issues identified by the analysis.Methods Data were collected from the FY 2016 Survey Results on Comprehensive Community Sports Clubs, conducted by the Japan Sports Agency. A total of 2,444 clubs were divided equally into four groups after calculating the proportion of senior members (ages 60 and over) per total number of members in each club. The groups were then ranked from lowest to highest according to proportion of senior members: Groups A, B, C and D. Additionally, the 2,444 clubs were classified into six regions according to location. Group designation (A to D) and regional classification were used as independent variables. The dependent variables were categorized as follows: basic information (e.g. total number of members), crisis management and accident prevention measures (13 specific items in total), and each club's compliance with legal obligations.Results Study results revealed that Group D, containing the highest proportion of senior members, had fewer total members, lower monthly membership fees, lower annual club income, less annual club budget apportioned to each member, and fewer instructors than other groups. Regarding crisis management and accident prevention measures, Group D had lower completion rates on 6 items (health certificate submissions, liability insurance enrollment, safety workshop implementation, heatstroke prevention, liaison with healthcare professionals, and AED availability). Group D also showed a lower rate of compliance with legal obligations than other groups. In comparisons between the six regions, the median proportion of senior members was found to be highest in Chugoku-Shikoku and lowest in Chubu, although each median ranged from only 20% to 30%. Regarding crisis management and accident prevention measures, clubs in Kanto region had the highest completion rates for 10 items, whereas clubs in Kinki region had the lowest completion rates for 8 items.Conclusion The CCSCs with higher proportions of senior members had smaller budgets, fewer members and staff, and delayed implementation of crisis management and accident prevention measures. Regional disparities were also observed both in club scale and management of medical and safety issues. Although our study identified several shortcomings in this area, medical and safety management implementation is an important consideration for CCSCs with high proportions of senior members, as these members are at higher risk for disease and frailty. Affected CCSCs and relevant authorities should therefore acknowledge and address this issue cooperatively.

The Accident Characteristics and Prevention Measures of Elderly Women Workers in the Food Manufacturing Industry

The Accident Characteristics and Prevention Measures of Elderly Women Workers in the Food Manufacturing Industry