Academy Of Sciences Research Articles

Основоположники арабо-мусульманской историографии (IX–начала x века)

The culmination of the “Golden Age” of Islamic literary culture was the multivolume “History of the Prophets and Kings” (Ta’rīḫ ar-Rusul wa-l-Mulūk) by the “father of Muslim historiography”, an Arabic spoken Iranian Muḥammad b. Ǧarīr (Djarir) aṭ-Ṭabarī (839–923), which outlines the general history since the Creation, as well as the works of other founders of the Islamic historiography in Classical Arabic – al-Kūfī, Ḫalīfa b. Ḫayyāṭ (Khalifah b. Khayyat), ad- Dīnawarī, al-Balāḏurī (al-Beladsori), al-Ya‘qūbī (al-Ja‘qubi). The breakthrough works by these authors contain a lot of data concerning the countries and peoples of the Armenian Highlands, Caucasus, Asia Minor, and North-Western Iran (Atropatene-Azerbaijan), as well as adjacent areas of the Mesopotamia, Media, and Syria from Ancient times to the early of the 10th c. These materials may well be of interest to readers of the periodical “Studies in oriental sources” (Institute of Oriental Studies, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia).

Mid- and long-term outcomes of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty guided solely by echocardiography

Objective: To evaluate the mid-and long-term clinical outcomes of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) guided solely by echocardiography. Methods: A total of 71 patients with moderate to severe mitral stenosis who underwent PBMV guided solely by echocardiography at Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, from January 2016 to December 2022 were retrospectively included. The clinical data and follow-up information were collected and analyzed. Results: Finally, 71 patients (11 males and 60 females) aged (48.6±12.4) years, including 3 pregnant women were included. One patient required surgical intervention due to moderate to severe mitral regurgitation, resulting in a procedure success rate of 98.6% (70/71). The procedural duration was (84.1±40.2) minutes, with the balloon diameter of (26.5±1.1) mm and number of dilatations of 2.9±0.7. The mean mitral transvalvular pressure gradient decreased from (12.6±6.1) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) preoperatively to (5.4±2.4) mmHg postoperatively, while the mitral valve orifice area increased from (0.9±0.2) cm² to (1.7±0.3) cm² (both P<0.001). Before discharge, 16 patients developed new mild mitral regurgitation, five developed new moderate mitral regurgitation, and one patient had a small amount of pericardial effusion absorbed by herself. No severe complications such as death, pericardial tamponade, or thromboembolism occurred during the perioperative period. The average follow-up duration was 12-84 (49.7±21.4) months. At two years postoperatively, the mean mitral transvalvular pressure gradient was (6.2±2.5) mmHg, and the mitral valve orifice area was (1.6±0.3) cm². Eight patients underwent surgical mitral valve replacement at an median of [M(Q1, Q3)] 18 (5, 53) months postoperatively, and one patient died during the follow-up period due to non-cardiac reasons. Conclusion: The mid-and long-term outcomes of PBMV guided solely by echocardiography are favorable.

Clinical efficacy of dorsal venous complex pre-suture technique in the robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

The clinical data of 33 patients who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic Vattikuti Institute prostatectomy (VIP) in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from October 2020 to April 2022 were reviewed and analyzed. Among them, 18 patients received traditional VIP technique and 15 patients received VIP technique with pre-sutured dorsal venous complex (DVC). The ages of the traditional VIP group and the pre-sutured DVC VIP group were (66.1±7.3) and (66.6±5.7) years, respectively. The body mass index (BMI) of the traditional VIP group and the pre-sutured DVC VIP group was (24.3±2.9) and (25.3±2.6) kg/m2, respectively. The medical expenses were (91 797.0±7 029.6) and (87 106.6±7 031.4) yuan, respectively, with no statistical significance (all P>0.05). The operations of all the 33 cases were successfully completed, and no cases were transferred to open surgery. The operation time of traditional VIP group was longer than that of pre-sutured DVC VIP group [(193.0±37.2) vs (171.1±16.1) min]. The amount of intraoperative blood loss was higher than that in the pre-sutured DVC VIP group [(68.3±22.8) vs (44.0±9.1) ml)], all P<0.05. No patients had perioperative blood transfusion, and no patients had complications within 30 days after surgery. All the 33 patients had negative incisal margins. DVC presuture technique can reduce intraoperative bleeding and shorten operative time in robot-assisted laparoscopic VIP radical prostatectomy, and has good curative effect.

Precision Manufacturing in China of Replication Mandrels for Ni-Based Monolithic Wolter-I X-ray Mirror Mandrels

The X-ray satellite “Einstein Probe” of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) was successfully launched on 9 January 2024 at 15:03 Beijing Time from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in China with a “Long March-2C” rocket. The Einstein Probe is equipped with two scientific X-ray telescopes. One is the Wide-field X-ray Telescope (WXT), which uses lobster-eye optics. The other is the Follow-up X-ray Telescope (FXT), a Wolter-I type telescope. These telescopes are designed to study the universe for high-energy X-rays associated with transient high-energy phenomena. The FXT consists of two modules based on 54 thin X-ray Wolter-I grazing incidence Ni-replicated mirrors produced by the Italian Media Lario company, as contributions from the European Space Agency and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), which also provided the focal-plane detectors. Meanwhile, the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), together with the Harbin Institute of Technology and Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, has also completed the development and production of the structural and thermal model (STM), qualification model (QM) and flight model (FM) of FXT mirrors for the Einstein Probe (EP) satellites for demonstration purposes. This paper introduces the precision manufacturing adopted in China of Wolter-I X-ray mirror mandrels similar to those used for the EP-FXT payload. Moreover, the adopted electroformed nickel replication process, based on a chemical nickel–phosphorus alloy, is reported. The final results show that the surface of the produced mandrels after demolding and the internal surface of the mirrors have been super polished to the roughness level better than 0.3 nm RMS and the surface accuracy is better than 0.2 μm, and the mirror angular resolution for single mirror shells may be as good as 17.3 arcsec HPD (Half Power Diameter), 198 arcsec W90 (90% Energy Width) @1.49 keV (Al-K line). These results demonstrate the reliability and advancement of the process. As the first efficient X-ray-focusing optics manufacturing chain established in China, we successfully developed the first focusing mirror prototype that could be used for future X-ray satellite payloads.

Artificial intelligence in food and nutrition evidence: The challenges and opportunities based on a convening of content experts

Abstract Science-informed decisions are best guided by the objective synthesis of the totality of evidence around a particular question and assessing its trustworthiness through systematic processes. However, there are major barriers and challenges that limit science-informed food and nutrition policy, practice, and guidance. First, insufficient evidence, primarily due to acquisition cost of generating high-quality data, and the complexity of the diet-disease relationship. Furthermore, the sheer number of systematic reviews needed across the entire agriculture and food value chain, and the cost and time required to conduct them, can delay the translation of science to policy. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers the opportunity: 1) to better understand the complex etiology of diet-related chronic diseases; 2) to bring more precision to our understanding of the variation among individuals in the diet-chronic disease relationship; 3) to provide new types of computed data related to the efficacy and effectiveness of nutrition/food interventions in health promotion; and 4) to automate the generation of systematic reviews that support timely decisions. These advances include the acquisition and synthesis of heterogeneous and multimodal datasets. This perspective summarizes findings from a meeting of experts convened at the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. The purpose of the meeting was to examine the current state and future potential of AI in generating new types of computed data as well as automating the generation of systematic reviews to support evidence-based food and nutrition policy, practice and guidance.

Collection of oriental manuscripts of Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences as a source on Tatar Sufi culture of the 16th – 19th centuries

The article presents an analysis of thirteen volumes of the “Collection of Oriental Manuscripts of Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences” for the presence of manuscripts related to the activities of the sheikhs – the founders of the Yasawiya and Naqshbandiya tariqats, their students and followers, as well as the treatises of al-Ghazali and al-Arabi, as especially revered among the Tatar scientists of the Middle Ages. The relevance of the search for Sufi sources of the period of the 16th – 19th centuries is due to the need to deepen knowledge about the Tatar Sufi culture of this period of history. The description of the manuscripts in the “Collections” is carried out according to the dates of the copying of the treatises, which is an indirect fact of interest in them in the described period. For citation: Borodovskaya L.Z. Collection of oriental manuscripts of Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences as a source on Tatar Sufi culture of the 16th – 19th centuries. From History and Culture of Peoples of the Middle Volga Region. 2024, vol.14, no.3, pp.108–117. https://doi.org/10.22378/2410-0765.2024-14-3.108-117 (In Russian)

Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis (OA) in combination with MS (OAMS) and their relationship with concentration of several circulating proinflammatory cytokines, the level of lipids in peripheral blood serum. Forty women patients with knee OA were examined: 19 patients from the experimental group in whom OA was combined with metabolic syndrome (MS), 21 patients with OA without MetS. All patients were elderly and overweight. In the first subgroup of patients, the absolute majority of people were obese, while in the second subgroup, overweight patients predominated. Patients in the experimental subgroup showed a statistically significant increase in waist circumference compared to patients without MS. The duration of OA did not differ in both subgroups. It has been established that the metabolic phenotype of gonarthrosis – OA in combination with metabolic syndrome – differs from patients with OA without MS in greater severity of pain, a decrease in the level of daily activity, an increase in the burden of the disease and other symptoms of OA. These core characteristics are associated with poor quality of life and clinically significant symptoms of depression. The metabolic type of gonarthrosis is characterized by more pronounced laboratory signs of systemic low-grade inflammation in comparison with patients without MS, as evidenced by a threefold increase in CRP content and an increase in the level of IL-6, IL-18 in PC serum. In addition, in patients with the metabolic phenotype of OA, a fivefold increase in the level of a specific humoral immune response to type 2 collagen (Col2Ab) and dyslipidemia – an increase in the content of LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, with a comparable reduced level of HDL cholesterol – were revealed. It is concluded that the phenotype of OA in combination with MS is probably due to the pathogenetic similarity of OA and MS (syntropy), which is based on low-grade inflammation. Studying the pathogenesis of the OAMS phenotype and developing new principles for the treatment of multimorbidity should be based on patient-oriented approaches.

Estimating the GPS time-varying differential code bias between C1 and P1 observations to provide a model product

Abstract Based on the time-varying characteristics of GPS satellite differential code biases (DCB) between C1 and P1 observations, a method for directly estimating its model coefficients is proposed to streamline processing and enhance product accuracy. Evaluation over three days compares estimated DCB (C1–P1) values and assesses real-time service (RTS) capabilities in Single Point Positioning (SPP). Three-day DCB (C1-P1) estimates match single-epoch time-varying DCB (C1-P1) series fitting accuracy. SPP results show significant improvement over Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE), reducing average root mean square error in three dimensions by 12 cm and by 4 cm compared to Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Real-time DCB (C1-P1) service maintains stable and accurate performance, comparable to fitted values of single-epoch time-varying series. Real-time SPP application shows the method enhances positioning accuracy compared to CODE by up to 35%, confirming the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model estimation method.&amp;#xD;

Высокое служение Отечеству: к 75-летию Н.М. Валеева

The article is dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Doctor of Philology, Professor, Academician of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Honoured Scholar of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Russian Federation, the member of the Union of Writers of Russia and the Presidium of the Union of Local Historians of Russia – Nail Mansurovich Valeev. It describes him as an outstanding Russian humanities scholar, literary critic, art critic, historian, local historian, cultural studies scholar, major organiser of scientific events and a public official. His unique and resonant academic work, significant and conceptual projects contribute to the prestige of our republic and country. Over the three decades of his life in the city of Elabuga, he wrote hundreds of articles and ten books about the historical and cultural heritage of Elabuga, about the fate of Elabuga merchants-benefactors. His enormous work on organising a purposeful study of the history of the city led to the recognition of Elabuga as one of the tourist-attractive cities of Russia. Regularly held international scientific conferences devoted to the study of the fate of the merchant dynasties of the city and the creative heritage of the forgotten classic of Russian literature D.I. Stakheev, attracted the attention of scholars from all over Russia and around the world, as well as the descendants of the merchant dynasties of the Stakheevs from Australia, Switzerland, Great Britain, France, etc. to the rich history of the city. Huge work was carried out by N.M. Valeev to draw the attention of the Republic of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences academics and the scholars of the Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences” to the study and preservation of the historical and cultural heritage of the city of Chistopol. Academic works of N.M. Valeev about the life of Kazan art of the twentieth century, the Literary Chistopol encyclopedia, the monograph Boris Pasternak in Chistopol. To the origins of the “Doctor Zhivago” novel and other works caused a wide resonance around the country and the world, attracted the attention of specialists to the rich history of Tatarstan and Chistopol.

Exceptional racism at the dawn of scientific psychiatry in Brazil: the curious case of Juliano Moreira.

Twenty years ago, the British Journal of Psychiatry published an editorial regarding racism and psychiatry. Three decades ago, the journal published a lecture by Professor Michael Sheperd about Kraepelin's contributions to racist degeneration theories. A century ago, Albert Einstein visited the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, where he was hosted by Juliano Moreira [1872-1933], one of the most distinguished Brazilian scientists of that time. The only son of a former enslaved woman, he is regarded as one of the founding fathers of scientific psychiatry in Brazil. Moreira may have been a case of 'exceptional racism', the strategy of praising outstanding people from oppressed groups as a way of denying or covering up processes of structural racism.

The Astronomical Observatory of the Abbot de Beauchamp in Baghdad

Abstract In 1786, the Abbé Joseph de Beauchamp, vicar general of the bishopric of Babylon, vice-consul in Baghdad and correspondent of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris, completed the description of the astronomical observatory he had installed on a terrace of the house of the Missionary Fathers of the Congregation of the Faith in Baghdad. A crossroads between Parisian and Middle Eastern astronomical practice, between scholarly, religious and diplomatic networks in France and abroad, Beauchamp’s observatory was destroyed by the wind in 1783, then carefully reconstructed and well equipped with observation and measurement instruments received from France. The notes, descriptions and detailed drawings carefully recorded by the astronomer explain the organization of this learned space, the function, construction and operation of each of the elements for the various types of observations (stars, the Sun and the planet Mercury, in particular) made within it.

A Material Ecology of Toulouse’s Observatories in the 18th Century

Abstract Based on the concept of “material ecology”, which designates the structural properties of space and objects in the constitution of places of scientific practice, this article proposes a socio-historical analysis of the materiality of Toulouse observatories in the 18th century. Toulouse observatories reveal the importance of the material dimension in the organization of scientific work throughout the 18th century. First, the article demonstrates how the material infrastructure of the observatory of the short-lived Academy of Sciences of Toulouse contributed to creating and consolidating the local astronomical community. Secondly, it shows that the architectural characteristics of the observatories built by the most active astronomers in Toulouse served as a model to design later scholarly institutions. The patrimonialization of the old observatories at the beginning of the 19th century is finally discussed. By resorting to the notion of material ecology concerning the places of astronomical observation, the article brings to light the socio-epistemic dimension that underpins scientific practice.

К юбилею профессора Н.И. Воробьева: введение

The article opens a special issue of the Historical Ethnology journal dedicated to the 130th anniversary of the outstanding scholar Nikolay Iosifovich Vorobyev, geographer, historian and Turkologist, Honored Scientist of the Tatar ASSR, Honorary Member of the USSR Geographical Society, founder of ethnographic Tatar studies and one of the leading researchers of the ethno- and cultural genesis of the Chuvash people. Professor Vorobyev is the author and editor of such fundamental works as the Fundamentals of Physical Geography of the Tatar Republic (Kazan, 1936); The Kazan Tatars: Ethnographic Study of the Material Culture of the Pre-October Period (Kazan, 1953); The Chuvashes. Ethnographic Study (Cheboksary, 1956); Tatars of the Middle Volga and Ural Regions (Moscow: Nauka, 1967), as well as other academic publications. The paper outlines important milestones in the biography, the main areas of the scientist’s research activities, starting with his student passion for the ethnic culture of the peoples of Siberia to academic maturity – fundamental research on the ethnography of the Turkic peoples of the Volga and Ural regions. The article presents vectors of his teaching work at Kazan State University, at the Kazan Eastern Pedagogical Institute (KSPI), as well as administrative and expeditionary practice within the walls of the Central Museum of the Tatar ASSR and the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Kazan branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Художественно-образные зарисовки Л.М. Поздеевой из экспедиций с Н.И. Воробьевым

The article analyses expedition sketches of professional artist Lyudmila Mikhailovna Pozdeeva from the collections of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan and the “Miraskhane” Written Heritage Center of G. Ibragimov Institute of Language, Literature and Art of the Republic of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, which were made by the master during the expeditions of 1926 and 1927 under the leadership of N. I. Vorobyev. Costume complexes of Tatars of different subethnic and ethnographic groups are analysed. Particular attention is paid to the scientific component of L. M. Pozdeeva’s work, the consistency of the sketches to written sources, museum materials and expedition photographs. The author of the article identified nine watercolours and one graphite pencil sketch, which depict the clothes of men and women of different ages. The pieces were made in the Chelny, Chistopol, Sviyazhsk, and Tetyush cantons, in settlements such as Nizhneye Bishevo, Kainly, Akbulatovo, Stary Tatarsky Adam, Molkeevo, Stary Kurbash, and Bakorchi (Bakrchi). Some images are duplicated by photographs, which became the visual accompaniment to the texts of N.I. Vorobyev’s academic publications. The sketches by L.M. Pozdeeva found by the author of the article fully correspond to the photographic images, which is evidence of the precise reproduction of what she saw during the expeditions. The artist chose different angles of the characters in national clothing, thereby creating not just an ethnographic copy, but an artistic image.

Творческий юбилей Галимджана Ибрагимова (на примере архивных источников)

The article presents with archival materials in which the celebrations of the twentieth anniversary of the Tatar literature classic, publicist, public figure Galimjan Ibragimov, held in 1928, are documented. The funds of the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan (Kazan) and the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow) have a protocol and a transcript from the celebrations dedicated to this anniversary. The protocol is printed in Tatar, the transcript is presented in Russian. Due to a serious lung disease, the writer was residing in Yalta for treatment at the time. The preparation and holding of events was organised at the highest level, the anniversary date was celebrated even outside the Tatar Republic. Although G. Ibragimov was not able to attend the event personally, the anniversary was held on a large scale and was broadcast on the radio. A concert was organised and a play based on the writer’s drama New People was staged. At the end of the event, a telegram with anniversary greetings to the hero of the day was read and later sent to Yalta. Later, G. Ibragimov sent a reply telegram with words of gratitude to the editorial offices of the newspapers “Kyzyl Tatarstan” and “Eshche”. Among those invited and speaking were prominent literary and public figures and orientalists (I. Rakhmatullin, G. Nigmati, G. Linstser), birthday greetings from various addressees from Russian cities and abroad were read out. The transcript is very voluminous. As can be seen from the content, prominent figures took part in the meeting, such as N. Tyuryakulov, I. Borozdin, A.N. Maksudov, B.Kh. Mansurov, A.M. Arsharuni. The speakers’ speeches trace the significant role of G. Ibragimov in the public life of the Tatar people, as a literary scholar, researcher and public figure. The article provides quotes from archival documents in the original language and facts concerning the writer’s creative anniversary from the periodical press of the first half of the 20th century.

The task of sociologists is to bring order into chaos (interview with RAS corresponding member M. F. Chernysh)

On the eve of the 50th anniversary of the journal Sociological Studies, we turned to Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Sociological Sciences Mikhail F. Chernysh – our long-time author and expert, member of the editorial board – with a request to answer our questions. I wanted to discuss not only the activities of our journal, but also the problems of sociology in general. In recent years, situation in sociology has been changing: alarming trends in sociological education in higher education are intensifying, decisions are being made to reduce the subject of social studies in school, the problem of reproduction of scientific personnel is becoming acute, and discussions about the subject of sociology are becoming more urgent. The interview raises such important issues as the essence of sociology as a science, provides an understanding of its functions and tasks, and outlines the structure and levels of sociological knowledge. Important elements of its existence and development are emphasized, in particular the impossibility of forming an exclusively “national” sociology. The development of sociological education in new conditions is discussed. The tasks of the functioning of the Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences are outlined. Attention is focused on personnel problems in science and the perception of sociology by government institutions.

Techniques for increasing tomato yield in Astrakhan region

Relevance. The use of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of tomato in the first place should ensure the best conditions for the nutrition of plants during the entire growing season in accordance with their need.The research methodology was based on generally accepted methods for vegetable growing. The main goal of this study was to improve the zonal technology for cultivating tomato in open ground using leaf dressing with KCL and KNO3 preparations, aimed at increasing the level of yield during irrigation in the north of the Astrakhan region. Field experiments were carried out at the experimental irrigated land use area of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences" in the period from 2021 to 2023. The scientific novelty of the study was the theoretical and practical justification for the use of leaf dressing with KCL and KNO3 in the cultivation of vegetables, aimed at the formation of highly productive commercial products.Results. During the research work, a comparative analysis of various standards of use of drugs was carried out, highlighting the most promising option. Three-year studies found that the use of potassium fertilizer KCl with a concentration of 0.5%), 30... 40 days. after planting (flowering), 50 days. after planting and 60 days. after planting gave a significant increase in yield relative to the control option. Conclusions. Based on the results of the analysis, an average of five charges, the KCl treatment variant Background + 3 (concentration 0.5%) was identified, which had the highest yield of 130.56 t/ha. This option was significantly different from both control and other options under study. The increase relative to the control was + 4.08 t/ha or + 3.2%.

Results of long-term studies of the annual growth of mosses of the genus &lt;i&gt;Sphagnum&lt;/i&gt; L. In the central taiga of Karelia

The studies were carried out on the territory of the Kindasovo forest-bog research station of the Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, located in the middle taiga subzone (61°48′ N, 33°35′ E). The experiments were carried out in the Nenazvannoe natural mesoeutrophic bog of the aapa type in seven permanent bog areas located in different ecological and coenotic conditions. The paper presents long-term results (from 10 to 38 years) of studies of the dynamics of annual growth of 11 widespread hygro- and hydrophilic species of Sphagnum mosses. Based on fluctuations in the average annual growth data during the years of study, the largest increases were observed for Sphagnum riparium (140 mm) and S. obtusum (93 mm), growing in heavily watered bog areas and not withstanding drying out; medium growths of S. fallax (65 mm), S. subsecundum (57 mm), S. majus (42 mm), S. balticum (36 mm), and S. warnstorfii (28 mm) are found in low-flow watered bogs, hollows, and on carpets; the lowest growth was shown for S. divinum (17 mm), S. centrale (15 mm), S. papillosum (12 mm), and S. fuscum (8 mm), growing on ridges, low hummocks, and carpets under conditions of sharply variable conditions hydration. A correlation analysis to study the influence of precipitation and average temperature on the annual growth of Sphagnum mosses did not show any significant dependence of moss growth on temperature during the growing season. For S. fuscum, S. obtusum, and S. warnstorfii, negative dependences on the temperature of individual months are observed in different months of the growing season. Precipitation during the growing season is the main factor determining the dependence of the annual growth of Sphagnum mosses. A significant dependence of annual growth on precipitation during the growing season was shown for species S. obtusum, S. papillosum, S. centrale, S. fallax, and S. subsecundum, while the significance was weak for S. divinum, S. fuscum, and S. majus.

Comprehensive assessment of adaptability, stability and stress resistance of diploid winter rye varieties under conditions of Western Siberia

Currently, the adaptability and stability of the trait under study, i.e., the ability of a variety to maintain the optimal level of the trait in different soil and climatic conditions, is of particular importance in the breeding process. A research was conducted to comprehensively study the parameters of adaptability, stability and stress resistance in terms of yield of diploid winter rye varieties of different ecological and geographical origins in the conditions of Western Siberia. The experimental part of the study was carried out during 2019–2021, at the experimental site of SibNIIRS - a branch of the ICG SB RAS, located in the West Siberian region. The material for the research was: 6 varieties of winter rye from of the FRC «N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources» (Korotkostebelnaya 69, Sibirskaya 87, Chulpan, Pamyati Kunakbaeva, Sinilga, Alisa) and 8 varieties from the Republican unitary enterprise «Research and Practical Center of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus for Arable Farming» (Lota, Kalinka, Golubka, Vostok, Verdun, Talisman, Zubrovka, Yubileinaya). According to the results of two-factor analysis of variance, the yield was influenced by genotypic differences between varieties - 77.34% (P &lt; 0.05) and the prevailing growing conditions in different years of research - 11.98% (P &lt; 0.05). The varieties Sibirskaya 87 (689.0 g/m2) and Yubileinaya (706.0 g/m2) were characterized by productivity at the level or higher than the standard Korotkostebelnaya 69 (650 g/m2). As a result of a comprehensive assessment using ranking for adaptability, stability and stress resistance, the following winter rye varieties were identified: Yubileynaya (102), Korotkostelnaya 69 (97), Sibirskaya 87 (87), Zubrovka (79), Alisa (77), Talisman (74). The selected varieties are capable of producing relatively high yields in the contrasting conditions of Western Siberia.

Assessment of nutritionality and normative indicators of granulated vitamin-herbal four for agricultural animals, prepared in the conditions of the Vologda region

Feed analysis was carried out in a chemical laboratory using the equipment of the Center for Agricultural Research and Biotechnology at the Voluntary Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The testing procedure for most agricultural feeds is established by GOST 50817-95. To determine the crude protein content using the Kjeldahl method using a semi-automatic analyzer UDK 159 (VELP, Italy), GOST 13496.4-2019 was used, GOST 31675-2012 was used to determine the crude fiber content using an automatic analyzer FIBE-6, GOST 13496.15-2016 was used to determine crude fat content using the Soxhlet apparatus., GOST 32933-2014 is used to determine the crude ash content. An evaluation test of herbaceous unnaturally dried feed according to the quality class was carried out in the following sequence: when more characteristics were agreed upon for any one class, vitamin-grass meal (VHM) was assessed according to this class. When studying the energy nutritional value, the amount of dry matter in granulated vitamin-herbal flour was established within the range of 867.00–917.69 g, metabolic energy – 9.25–10.57 MJ/kg, digestible protein – 69.9–119.6 g/kg and feed units – 0.71–0.85 kg. Thus, checking the usefulness of the samples that were selected and sent to us showed that feed from alfalfa and clover helps to obtain high-quality nutritious feed that is easily absorbed by the body and corresponds to class II–III indicators. The quality of prepared flour from vetch-oat grass and a mixture of herbs leaves much to be desired. As a result of studying the quality of these artificially dried grass feeds, we can conclude that their nutritional value is not high enough, as a result of the low content of the main characteristics: such as metabolic energy (9.25–9.39 MJ/kg) and protein (11.69–12.83 %), which is necessary take into account when organizing proper feeding of cattle. The quality of feed is a fundamental condition on which productivity depends.