Academy Of Sciences Research Articles

Revisiting the IOM Reports and Envisioning a Promising Future for Public Health.

Two public health reports from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine published in 1988 and 2003 by the Institute of Medicine continue to resonate. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for a robust and adequately funded public health system that has political and public support as well as strong connections to health care and other sectors. However, a spate of recent assessments of the nation's public health infrastructure shows continuing gaps in funding, workforce, capacity, and other dimensions. There are reasons for optimism and opportunities for progress in public health in the third decade of the 21st century. There is great promise in cross-sector partnerships and in embracing the "public" in public health by building power with communities in health improvement efforts and in decision-making. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(5):495-500. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307584).

Probing the inner Galactic halo with blue horizontal-branch stars

Context. Stars that are found on the blue horizontal-branch (BHB) evolved from low-mass stars that have completed their core hydrogen-burning main sequence (MS) stage and undergone the helium flash at the end of their red giant phase. Hence, they are very old objects that can be used as markers in studying galactic structure and formation history. The fact that their luminosity is virtually constant at all effective temperatures also makes them good standard candles. Aims. We have compiled a catalogue of BHB stars with stellar parameters calculated from spectral energy distributions (SEDs) constructed using data from multiple large-scale photometric surveys. In addition, we update our previous Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) catalogue of BHB stars with parallax errors less than 20% by using the SED results to define the selection criteria. The purpose of these catalogues is to create a set of BHB star candidates with reliable stellar parameters. In addition, they provide a more complete full-sky catalogue with candidate objects found along the whole BHB from where RR-Lyrae are found on the instability strip to the extreme horizontal-branch (EHB). Methods. We selected a large dataset of Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) objects based only on their position on the colour-magnitude diagram (CMD), along with the tangential velocity and parallax errors. The SEDs were then used to evaluate contamination levels in the dataset and derive optimised data quality acceptance constraints. This allowed us to extend the Gaia DR3 colour and absolute magnitude criteria further towards the EHB. The level of contamination found using SED analysis was confirmed by acquiring spectra using the Ondrejov Echelle spectrograph, attached to the Perek 2m telescope at the Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences. Results. We present a catalogue of 9172 Galactic halo BHB candidate stars with atmospheric and stellar parameters calculated from synthetic SEDs. We also present an extended Gaia DR3-based catalogue of 22 335 BHB candidate stars with a wider range of effective temperatures and Gaia DR3 parallax errors of less than 20%. This represents an increase of 33% compared to the our 2021 catalogue, with a contamination level of 10%.

Tracing the contribution of cattle farms to methane emissions through bibliometric analyses

Methane contributes to global warming, and livestock is one of the sources of methane production. However, methane emission studies using bibliometric tools in livestock are lacking. Given the negative impact of climate change on the ecosystem and the rise in methane emissions, it is essential to conduct a bibliometrics study to provide an overview and research trends. We used the Bibliometrix package and VOSviewer to decipher bibliometric indices for methane emissions in cattle farms (MECF). Current dataset were collected from the Web of Science (Core Collection) database, and 8,998 publications were analyzed. The most co-occurring keywords scientists preferred were methane (1528), greenhouse gas (443), methane emissions (440), and cattle (369). Methane was the most frequently used keyword in the published scientific literature. Thematic evolution of research themes and trend results highlighted carbon dioxide, methane, dairy cattle, cattle, and risk factors during 1999-2017. Chinese Academy of Sciences ranked on top with 485 publications, followed by Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, University of Colorado, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Aarhus University. Chinese Academy of Sciences was also the most cited organization, followed by the University of Colorado, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and United States Geological Survey. Source analysis showed that the Science of the Total Environment was cited with the highest total link strength. “Science of the Total Environment” ranked first in source core 1 with 290 citation frequencies, followed by “Journal of Dairy Science” with 223 citation frequencies. Currently, no bibliometric study has been conducted on MECF, and to fill this knowledge gap, we carried out this study to highlight methane emissions in cattle farms, aiming at a climate change perspective. In this regard, we focused on the research productivity of countries authors, journals and institutions, co-occurrence of keywords, evolution of research trends, and collaborative networking. Based on relevance degree of centrality, methane emissions and greenhouse gases appeared as basic themes, cattle, and dairy cattle appeared as emerging/declining themes, whereas, methane, greenhouse gas and nitrous oxide appeared to fall amongst basic and motor themes. On the other hand, beef cattle, rumen and dairy cow seem to be between motor and niche themes, and risk factors lie in niche themes. The present bibliometric analysis provides research progress on methane emissions in cattle farms. Current findings may provide a framework for understanding research trends and themes in methane emissions in cattle farms (MECF) research.

Digital resources in teaching Russian to Chinese students outside of the language environment

Introduction. Relations between China and Russia are becoming increasingly close, resulting in a high demand for Russian language specialists in the labor market. The lack of a language environment in Chinese universities is a pressing problem that teachers would like to solve. Therefore, the active implementation of digital technologies will undoubtedly compensate for this deficiency. The purpose of the study is to analyze the use of Chinese internet resources in teaching Russian language in Chinese universities. Materials and Methods. The study involved undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral students studying in the fields of "Russian as a Foreign Language", "Philology", "Linguistics" and "Russian Literature". A total of 117 respondents from nine higher education institutions in Russia and China. These institutions include Heilongjiang Institute of Foreign Languages, RUDN, Moscow State University, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Russian State University of Tourism and Service, Inner Mongolia University, and Yili Pedagogical University. The research methods employed in the study were analysis of scientific and scientific-methodological literature, observational (monitoring of online and distance learning), diagnostic (interviews with teachers, student surveys), and statistical analysis. Results. It was found that Chinese students do not know which form of education is most preferable outside of the Russian-speaking environment (35.9% – online, 37.61% – in-person, 38.46% – blended). However, respondents (67%) stated that various online resources provide significant help in learning the Russian language. The most popular programs and platforms were Chinese Dingding and Tencent Meeting, international Microsoft Teams and Zoom. Not all Russian-language dictionaries are available online for Chinese people, which is why the share of translation programs assisting in learning Russian language has increased (over 70%). The most frequently used Chinese dictionary was "Qianyiciba" (62%), and the most popular websites include Google Translate, Yudao Translator, Baidu Translate, and Bilibili. It has been proven that among the main problems hindering the process of learning Russian language in online and distance learning formats, psychological discomfort, lack of communication, increase in independent work, and individualization in learning considering the personal needs of students should be highlighted. Conclusion. The results obtained make it possible to determine the prospects for using digital resources in teaching Russian as a foreign language to Chinese students outside of the language environment.

Application of High-Frequency Ultrasound to Evaluate Forehead Filling Materials.

In recent years, soft tissue materials have been applied as forehead fillers. Some filling materials need to be removed or refilled in a timely manner in certain situations; therefore, it is important to develop a method to identify the location and type of filling materials. This study summarizes the imaging findings of different filling materials under high-frequency ultrasound, providing a reference for clinical treatment. We screened facial ultrasound images performed at the Plastic Surgery Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from April 2015 to July 2023 and classified and summarized the types of frontal filling materials and their imaging results. This study included ultrasound imaging results from 114 patients, including 39 with hyaluronic acid (HA) filling, 45 with polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAG) filling, 14 who received autologous fat transplantation, 2 who received prosthesis implantation, 2 who received both HA and PAG filling, and 12 who received silicone oil filling. HA mainly manifests as an anechoic zone on ultrasonography, with images divisible into four types. PAG primarily presents as fine punctate echoes, divisible into five types. Fat transplantation presents as a low-echo area with uneven density, divisible into five types. Finally, the silicone oil-filling material appears as a cloud-like high echo on the forehead, visible throughout the entire skin layer, and unclear imaging in deep tissues. High-frequency ultrasound is a safe and reliable method to evaluate the type and position of forehead filling materials, which can be easily applied in clinical practice. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

VIR cotton collection accessions of different origin for breeding in the North Caspian conditions

Background. Climate change on the planet requires the creation of cultivars adapted to new conditions, which suggests a constant search for sources of the required traits, and the VIR cotton collection provides unlimited opportunities for breeding. Also, the harsh conditions of the northwestern Astrakhan region make it possible to identify the potential capabilities of the accessions. Materials and methods. 25 accessions of the VIR cotton collection were studied at the Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (PAFSC RAS) in 2021 against the backdrop of adverse weather conditions. Comparative assessment of morphological and economically important features was carried out according to the VIR methodology. Factor analysis based on the principal component method has been performed. Excel 2016 and STATISTICA 7.0 were used. Results and discussion. The study resulted in the identification of accessions exceeding the ʻAC 5ʼ standard in terms of the yield. The Chinese accessions had a very good fiber yield and can serve as sources of this trait, although they are not too precocious and are characterized by a medium-size capsule. Unfavorable weather conditions during the period of fiber formation did not facilitate obtaining a very good quality fiber, but some accessions yielded fiber with a length of 32-33 mm. Conclusions. Factor analysis showed that American accessions are the least suitable for the conditions of the northern Astrakhan Region due to their late maturity and tall stature. The search for appropriate sources is promising among accessions originating from other regions.

Analysis of the strong decays of SU(3) partners of the $\Omega(2012)$ baryon

Abstract We estimate the coupling constants and decay widths of the $SU(3)$ partners of the $\Omega(2012)$ hyperon, as discovered by the BELLE Collaboration, using the distribution amplitudes of the octet baryons within light cone sum rules method. Our study includes a comparison of the obtained results for the relevant decay widths with those derived within the framework of the flavor $SU(3)$ analysis. We observe a good agreement between the predictions of both approaches. Moreover, our results on the decay width of the $\Omega \to \Xi K$ is compatible with the existing experimental result within the uncertainties of the model predictions. These results can provide helpful insights for determining the nature of the $SU(3)$ partners of the $\Omega(2012)$ baryon. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.

Health Benefits and uses of Neem Leaves

Neem is a very unique tree and neem leaves are the most complex leaves on the planet. The neem tree has over 130 different biologically active compounds, and the neem leaf is one of the most complex leaves you can find on the planet. According to the ancient science of Ayurveda texts describe how neem treats skin disorders, hair problems, enhances appetite, boosts digestion, kindles the fire in the belly, improves breathing, helps manage diabetic conditions, aids healing of wounds and relieves nausea. Neem has been declared the “tree of the 21st century” by the United Nations. The US National academy of science also recognized neem’s medicinal value in its 1992 report entitled “Neem: A tree for solving global problems.” Keywords: Biologically active, Azadirachta indica, Diabetes, Hypertension, Metabolic syndrome, Neem.

Мedia preferences of the population of the Republic of Belarus in the sociological dimension (based on sociological research materials)

The article substantiates the relevance of a monitoring study of the national information space in view of the constant improvement of technical and technological solutions for the production and distribution of content, as well as the expansion of coverage and access to the Internet, accompanied by media convergence of its structural segments and the transformation of forms of media consumption and media practices of the population. An overview of current scientific research on the identified issues is presented, both in the direction of studying aspects of satisfying the need for information in the structure of everyday practices of social subjects, and in the direction of changing the landscape of the information space, the variability of the selection of information content. Based on the results of a republican representative monitoring sociological study of the transformation of the national information space, implemented by the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, its state for 2022–2023 is characterized. in the context of traditional media and new media, taking into account their structural components. The sources of information that are in demand and the main ones for citizens of the country, the practices of their use, the level of trust and the most important characteristics of the content are reflected. The need to continue research into the processes occurring within the national information space is noted in order to use the most effective strategies for building information policy.

An Example of Shahnameh Prepared for a Ruler (Promotion and Evaluation)

Ferdowsi' Shahnameh, which has been the subject of debate for a thousand years since it was written, is one of the most important works of world literature. There are examples of the work, of which we have encountered illustrated examples since the 14th century, that have not yet been discovered and have not reached a wide readership. The Shahnameh copy, which is the subject of our study, was prepared by artists from Samarkand for Ish Mohammad, who reigned in the Khiva region for a short time between 1556 and 1557. The work is preserved in the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan N. 1811, where the original examples of Central Asian painting are kept. The importance of the copy stems from the fact that the work has survived to the present day as a complete text without fragmentation and the name of the miniaturist is mentioned in a few of the existing paintings. This indicates that the work has been preserved in an original way. In the copy, we encounter 115 paintings by another artist and a manuscript illumination bearing period characteristics. The copy contains several paintings by Mohammad Morâd Samarqandî, who represents the original Samarkand painting school, as can be understood from his signature. Some researchers claim that most of the unsigned paintings belong to Mohammad Morâd Samarqandî in terms of style, while the remaining paintings belong to the 17th century. The main purpose of this study is to introduce the work, which is not well known among the copies of Shahnameh, to introduce it to the masses, to evaluate it in terms of style, to give information about the content of the work, to introduce the artist, to explain the formation of the painting program, and thus to contribute to the literature.

Analysis of the Influence of Strategic Trends: Methodological Aspect and Application at the Regional Level

The article is devoted to the consideration of issues of analysis of strategic trends of various levels and nature in the context of the impact on the socio-economic development of regions. The purpose of the study is to expand the tools for trend analysis, as one of the key stages in developing the concept of a strategy for the socio-economic development of regions in accordance with the strategizing methodology of a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor V. L. Kvint. At the same time, the presented tools are relevant both to regional strategizing in general and can be used in the development of industry and corporate strategies. A hierarchical structure of trends, a scheme for decomposing trends into channels of influence, and proposals for the procedure for assessing their individual and joint influence are presented, for which both econometric modeling and statistical methods, as well as expert assessments, can be used. The application of the presented proposals is demonstrated by the example of decomposition and analysis of global trends, however, a similar algorithm is applicable for national, regional and subregional trends. Based on the results of the analysis, the conclusions were confirmed that trends contain and create multidirectional impulses for the strategized object, capable of both enhancing and neutralizing each other, and therefore they need to be analyzed in detail and taken into account when developing regional strategies to achieve maximum efficiency.

Perfluoroalkyl/Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Links to Cardiovascular Disease Risk.

Conservative estimates by the World Health Organization suggest that at least a quarter of global cardiovascular diseases are attributable to environmental exposures. Associations between air pollution and cardiovascular risk have garnered the most headlines and are strong, but less attention has been paid to other omnipresent toxicants in our ecosystem. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are man-made chemicals that are extensively used in industrial and consumer products worldwide and in aqueous film-forming foam utilized in firefighting. As such, our exposure to PFAS is essentially ubiquitous. Given the long half-lives of these degradation-resistant chemicals, virtually, all people are carrying a body burden of PFAS. Health concerns related to PFAS are growing such that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine has recommended standards for clinical follow-up of individuals with high PFAS blood levels, including prioritizing screening for dyslipidemia. The link between PFAS and dyslipidemia has been extensively investigated, and evidence for associations is compelling. However, dyslipidemia is not the only cardiovascular risk factor with which PFAS is associated. Here, we review the epidemiological evidence for links between PFAS of concern identified by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including overweight/obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia. Moreover, we review the potential connections of PFAS with vascular disease and atherosclerosis. While observational data support associations between the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine PFAS and selected cardiac risk factors, additional research is needed to establish causation and better understand how exposure to PFAS leads to the development of these conditions.

Statistical Scientists in the Academy of Sciences: To Mark the 300th Anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS)

The paper covers the 300 years of the history of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which embodies the intellectual potential of Russia. The authors focus on the figures of academic scientists who have left their mark on the history of Russian statistics. It is stressed that the choice of personalities – members and corresponding members of the Academy of Sciences – was relative due to the complex structure of the Academy itself when а branch or a department of the Academy nominates a scientist to the rank of an academician or a corresponding member, as well as an ambiguity of a scientist’s contribution if the area of subsequent activity of the elected member of the RAS strained from the profile of the nominating division of the Academy. When discussing personal achievements, the authors adhered only to chronology, consistently moving from one historical phase to another, from one system of government to another. It is difficult to review the three centuries of the Academy of Sciences in any detail; this explains the lapidary style and the lack of description of the features of Russian history in each period and their impact on scientific research priorities. The article may be of interest to researchers, teachers and post-graduate students of economic universities, as well as employees of state statistics institutions in Russia.

Basic principles of urban transformation of the suburban zone of a megapolis greater samara. Part 1

The contradictions that exist today between a reasonable balance of planning, communication, industrial, environmental processes and the organization of the urban planning structure of a megapolis are formed in the orbit of current challenges for Russia. The author examines new concepts aimed at creating international transport and logistics corridors and scientific and production clusters in accordance with the strategy of neo-industrialization and the draft Urban Planning Doctrine of Russia developed by the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences. Using the example of the Volga region megapolis Greater Samara, the following are considered: the basic urban planning principles for regulating the transformation of the suburbs of the megapolis; spatial structure of multihub systems. Promising models of the supporting framework of territories with scientific and practical organization of space are proposed, considered according to the spheres of their action: architectural, urban planning, management, environmental, economic. The author relies on the scientific works of architects, urban planners, economic geographers, urban ecologists and other specialists studying urban processes.

Performance Evaluation and Error Tracing of Rotary Rayleigh Doppler Wind LiDAR

In the study of atmospheric wind fields from the upper troposphere to the stratosphere (10 km to 50 km), direct detection wind LiDAR is considered a promising method that offers high-precision atmospheric wind field data. In 2020, Xie et al. of the Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, developed an innovative rotating Rayleigh Doppler wind LiDAR (RRDWL). The system aims to achieve single-LiDAR detection of atmospheric wind fields by rotating the entire device cabin. In 2022, the feasibility of the system was successfully validated in laboratory conditions, and field deployment was completed. Due to the structural differences between this system and traditional direct-detection wind LiDAR, performance tests were conducted to evaluate its continuous detection capability in outdoor environments. Subsequently, based on the test results and error analysis, further analysis was carried out to identify the main factors affecting the system’s detection performance. Finally, the error analysis and traceability of the detection results were conducted, and corresponding measures were discussed to provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing the performance of RRDWL.

Внезонное поглощение электромагнитного излучения электронами с оптическим фононным участием в сверхрешетках квантовых точек

Physics Institute of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences In this paper, we investigate the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by a free electron gas interacting with lattice vibrations in a quantum dot superlattice. It is assumed that the electron gas in the quantum dot superlattice is limited by the anisotropic parabolic potential. The absorption of light by free carriers with the participation of phonons is calculated in the second order of the perturbation theory. When calculating the absorption coefficient, the matrix elements of the electron-photon and electron-phonon interactions (with polar and nonpolar optical phonons) are used. We can expect three possible transitions in the absorption coefficient for electron-polar phonon scattering: (1) a transition due to the size subband levels for only the x direction, (2) a transition due to the size subband levels for only the y direction and (3) a transition due to the size subband levels for both the x direction and the y direction. For electron-nonpolar phonon scattering we can expect оnly one possible transitions in the, the absorption coefficient: a transition due to the size subband levels for both the x direction and the y direction.

Calibration of the Cryogenic Measurement System of a Resonant Haloscope Cavity

Abstract Possible light bosonic dark matter interactions with the Standard Model photon have been searched by microwave resonant cavities. In this paper, we demonstrate the cryogenic readout system calibration of a 7.138 GHz copper cavity with a loaded quality factor $Q_l=10^4$, operated at 22 mK temperature based on a dilution refrigerator. Our readout system consists of High Electron Mobility Transistors as cryogenic amplifiers at 4 K, plus room-temperature amplifiers and a spectrum analyzer for signal power detection. We test the system with a superconducting two-level system as a single-photon source in the microwave frequency regime and report an overall 95.6 dB system gain and -71.4 dB attenuation in the cavity's input channel. The effective noise temperature of the measurement system is 7.5 K. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.

A 95 GeV light Higgs in the top-pair-associated diphoton channel at the LHC in the Minimal Dilaton Model

Abstract Motivated by experimental hints and theoretical frameworks indicating the existence of an extended Higgs sector, we undertake a study to explore the feasibility of detecting a 95 GeV light Higgs boson decaying into diphoton within the Minimal Dilaton Model (MDM) at the 14 TeV LHC. Initially, we identify the correlations between the production cross section, decay branching ratios, and model parameters, e.g., the scalar mixing angle $\sin\theta_S$. Subsequently, we utilize Monte Carlo simulations to generate the signal of the light Higgs boson via the process $pp \to t\bar{t}(s\to \gamma\gamma)$, along with the corresponding backgrounds. To effectively separate the signal from the dominant backgrounds $tt\gamma\gamma$, we employ a meticulous cut-based selection process. Ultimately, we find that with an integrated luminosity of $L = 3000 \fbm$, the regions of $|\sin\theta_S|>0.2$ can be covered at over a $3\sigma$ level. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.

The efficacy and safety of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy and targeted therapy

Objectives: To explore the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy and targeted therapy in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical and pathological data of 20 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (clinical TNM stage T3-4aN+M0) admitted to the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from July 2021 to July 2023. All patients received 3 cycles of SOX (Oxaliplatin+S-1) regimen combined with immunotherapy (Trastuzumab) and targeted therapy (Apatinib) as neoadjuvant treatment followed by laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Surgical outcomes, postoperative pathological response, and postoperative recovery were observed. Quantitative data, except for age and operation time, were expressed using Median (range). Results: Among the 20 patients, there were 18 males and 2 females, aged 41 to 73 years [(60.6±9.7) years]. All 20 patients underwent laparoscopic surgical treatment after neoadjuvant therapy, with one patient undergoing laparoscopic conversion to open total gastrectomy with partial transverse colon resection due to tumor invasion into the transverse mesocolon. Eight patients underwent totally laparoscopic radical gastrectomy, all with Billroth Ⅱ+Braun anastomosis at the distal stomach. Eleven patients underwent laparoscopic-assisted radical gastrectomy, among which total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis was performed in ten cases, and proximal gastrectomy with esophagogastrostomy overlap anastomosis was performed in one case. The mean operation time for the 20 patients was (165.0±34.1) minutes; intraoperative blood loss was 80 (20-100) ml; and the number of lymph nodes retrieved was 68 (21-89). Postoperative pathological TNM staging revealed stage T0N0M0 in six cases, stage Ⅰ in two cases, stage Ⅱ in three cases, and stage Ⅲ in nine cases. Six patients (30.0%) achieved pathological complete response, and nine patients (45.0%) achieved significant pathological response. The median postoperative time to flatus was 4 (1-5) days; oral intake resumed after 3 (2-5) days; and the median length of hospital stay was 13 (6-19) days. One patient developed colonic anastomotic leakage with intra-abdominal infection, and one patient developed duodenal stump leakage with intra-abdominal infection, both classified as Clavien-Dindo grade 3A complications, and improved after treatment and discharged. One patient developed gastric paresis, and two patients developed pleural effusion, classified as Clavien-Dindo grade 2 complications, and improved after treatment and discharged. There were no deaths within 30 days after discharge. Conclusions: Laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer after neoadjuvant treatment with the SOX regimen combined with immunotherapy and targeted therapy is safe and feasible, with satisfactory short-term efficacy. However, there is an increase in overall surgical risk and difficulty, and it is recommended to be performed in experienced gastric cancer centers.

Therapeutic efficacy analysis of endoscopic combined with serological diagnosis strategy and endoscopic in G1 and G2 gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms

Objective: To investigate the endoscopic combined serological diagnosis strategy for G1 and G2 gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (G-NENs), and to evaluate the safety, short-term, and long-term efficacy of two endoscopic treatment procedures: endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 100 consecutive patients with G-NENs who were hospitalized at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2011 to October 2023. These patients underwent endoscopic treatment, and propensity score matching (PSM) was used to compare clinicopathological characteristics, as well as short-term and long-term efficacy of lesions in the EMR group and ESD group before and after treatment. Results: Among the 100 patients with G-NENs, the median age was 54 years old. Before surgery, 29 cases underwent endoscopic combined serological examination, and 24 of them (82.2%) had abnormally elevated plasma chromogranin A. The combined diagnostic strategy for autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AIG) achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 100%(22/22). A total of 235 G-NEN lesions were included, with 84 in the ESD group and 151 in the EMR group. The median size of the lesions in the ESD group (5.0 mm) was significantly larger than that in the EMR group (2.0 mm, P＜0.001). Additionally, the ESD group had significantly more lesions with pathological grade G2[23.8%(20/84) vs. 1.3%(2/151), P＜0.001], infiltration depth reaching the submucosal layer [78.6%(66/84) vs. 51.0%(77/151), P＜0.001], and more T2 stage compared to the EMR group[15.5%(13/84) vs. 0.7%(1/151), P＜0.001]. After PSM, 49 pairs of lesions were successfully matched between the two groups. Following PSM, there were no significant differences in the en bloc resection rate [100.0%(49/49) vs. 100.0%(49/49)], complete resection rate [93.9%(46/49) vs. 100.0%(49/49)], and complication rate [0(0/49) vs. 4.1%(2/49)] between the two groups. During the follow-up period, no recurrence or distant metastasis was observed in any of the lesions in both groups. Conclusions: The combination of endoscopy and serology diagnostic strategy has the potential to enhance the accuracy of diagnosing G1 and G2 stage G-NENs and their background mucosa. Endoscopic resection surgery (EMR, ESD) is a proven and safe treatment approach for G1 and G2 stage G-NENs.