AC Cycle Research Articles

Effect of SiO2 coating on polyethylene separator with different stretching ratios for application in lithium ion batteries

To enhance the properties of polyethylene separators in lithium ion batteries, we tested separators with uni-axial stretching ratios of 180% and 300%. We also tested stretched separators coated with SiO2 ceramic substance to increase ionic conductivity and thermal stability without sacrificing mechanical properties. To test the thermal and tensile properties, thermomechanical analyzer (TMA) is employed. CR 2032-type coin cells are prepared by sandwiching pristine and coated stretched separators, respectively, between the Li anode and Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 cathode to evaluate the AC impedance and cycling performance. The coated separators are observed with superior ionic conductivity, thermal and tensile properties. The cells prepared with coated separator have slightly higher discharge capacity and a better capacity retention ratio than the cells with pristine separators. These results suggest that the coated separator is a better option for lithium ion batteries.

Spring model for mechanical–electrical properties of CICC in cryogenic–electromagnetic environments

Tests on short samples and subsize conductors have been extensively conducted to demonstrate the undesired degradation of Nb3Sn CICC. The spring rod is taken as a more accurate description for strand helix, compared to rectilinear beam in most of previous models. The proposed model simulates mechanical behaviors of the homogenized strand over cable range under operating loads. Improved hydrostatic pressure model is employed for initial transverse load transmission and a second-order reaction force is considered for further continuous contact. The average integral formulation is used to calculate transport electric field and critical current degradation. The spring model gives a distribution of the strand deformation in one characteristic length and the strain regime in whole cable cross-section. The simulated transport voltage–current curve at cable level is compared to the experimental one and found a good agreement. The proposed model also evaluates the effects of void fraction, n value and characteristic length. A certain extent of performance promotion for CICC independent with AC loss and cycling loading is suggested to increase the subsequent twist pitch length and reduce the void fraction in a reasonable range. It is also found that increasing the twist angle with respect to the cable axis properly is helpful for reducing the degradation.

Abstract PD5-8: Phase I clinical trial of neoadjuvant BIBF1120 plus weekly paclitaxel (P) in early HER-2 negative breast cancer. CNIO-BR-01-2010/GEICAM 2010-10 study

Abstract Background: BIBF1120 has shown promising preclinical efficacy in breast cancer, and weekly paclitaxel (P) is a standard of care in BC. We designed a phase I/II trial of BIBF 1120 plus weekly P in early breast cancer, and report here the phase I part of the trial. The recommended dose has been determined and, additionally, efficacy has been assessed. Methods: Eligible patients had pathologically confirmed HER2 negative stage II or IIIA untreated breast cancer. BIBF1120 and P were administered at the following dose levels (DL): DL1: BIBF1120 150 mg bid p.o. days 1-21 plus P 80 mg/ m2 iv on days 1, 8 and 15 q21 days; DL2: BIBF1120 200 mg bid p.o. days 1-21 plus P same dose as level 1, q21 days. On the P-infusion day, the morning BIBF1120 dose was skipped to avoid potential PK interactions. A 3+3 escalation scheme with common dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) definitions was adopted. Four three-week cycles of BIBF1120 plus P followed by 4 AC cycles were administered. Surgery was planned 4-5 weeks after the last AC dose. We report the phase I part results of the phase I/II trial. Results: 9 patients have been evaluated for toxicity (6 patients in DL1 and 3 in DL2). Median age was 47.6 years (38.1-66.7) and 8 patients (89%) were premenopausal; median tumour size was 3.0 cm (2.7-6.5), 6 patients (66.7%) had stage II disease and 3 patients (33.3%) stage III. Seven cases (78%) were hormone-receptor (HR) positive and 2 (22%) negative. Two patients had DLT at DL2: ALT grade 3 (one patient); and ALT grade 4, AST grade 3 and GGT grade 3 (one patient). One case was reduced to DL1 and one withdrew consent after 7 days of treatment. Main related toxicities during treatment: DL1 GGT grade 2 (16.7%), hypertension grade 2 (50%), DL2 ALT grade 3 (33.3%), AST grade 3 (33.3%), bilirubin grade 2 (33.3%), GGT grade 2/3 (100%). Toxicities observed at DL2 were reversible by withholding BIBF1120 administration. Eight patients were evaluable for efficacy after surgery and have been assessed for pathological response: 2/2 (100%) HR(-) and 2/6 (33%) HR(+) patients, for a total of 4/8 (50%) patients, pCR defined as Miller&Payne score scale of 5. Three of these received DL1 and 1 DL2. A total of 6 patients (75%) underwent conservative surgery. Conclusions: Concomitant administration in early stage HER-2 negative breast cancer of BIBF1120 plus P at DL1 was manageable and had mild toxicity, showing remarkable efficacy specially in triple-negative breast cancer. BIBF1120 150 mg bid plus weekly P 80mg/m2 is the recommended dose for the ongoing phase II part of study CNIO-BR-01-2012/GEICAM 2010-10 with an enrolment target of 130 patients, of which 81 have been already recruited. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr PD5-8.

Abstract OT3-2-03: An efficacy and safety trial of preoperative chemo-endocrine therapy in luminal B (HER2-negative) breast cancer: A prospective multi-institutional study

Abstract Background: The St.Gallen consensus guideline recommends the sequential administration chemotherapy followed by of endocrine therapy as postoperative therapy for the higher risk ER-positive breast cancer patients based on results of a single study (Albain et al, Lancet 2009). In metastatic settings however, several trials conducted in the 1980's demonstrated that tumor response rates were higher when chemotherapy and tamoxifen were concomitantly administered, than when chemotherapy and tamoxifen administered were given sequentially. In the preoperative settings, pathological complete response (pCR) rate can be used a surrogate marker to predict event-free survival or overall survival in Luminal B(HER2-negative) breast cancer. We therefore designed a prospective randomized safety and efficacy trial in order to test a hypothesis that the concomitant administration of an aromatase inhibitor and chemotherapy improves pathological complete response(pCR) rate than chemotherapy alone in the preoperative setting. Trial design: The trial is a prospective, multi-center, randomized comparison of chemotherapy alone versus concomitant chmo-endocrine therapy evaluating the efficacy in terms of pCR rate and safety in preoperative settings in patients with Luminal B (HER2-negative) breast cancer. 94 patients were to be accrued into this trial. - arm A (control): 12 cycles of weekly paclitaxel(80mg/m2) followed by 4 cycles of every 3-week AC(Doxorubicine 60mg/m2, Cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2). - arm B (experimental): The same chermotherapy as arm A and anastrozole in postmenopausal patients or anastrozole+leuprolerine in premenopansal patients. Eligibility criteria: 1)Female patients with operable and histologically confirmed invasive breast cancer; 2)HER2-negative; 3)Either ER -positive or PgR-positive; 4)Either Ki67-LI> = 14% and NG> = 2 or NG = 3 regardless of Ki67-LI. Endpoints : Primary endpoint is the pCR rate. Secondary endpoints are the clinical response rate(RECIST), the adverse events(CTC-AE ver.4.0), the breast conserving rate and the health related quality of life. Statistical Considerations : The pCR rates in the control arm and the experimental arm are expected to be 10% and 25%, respectively. In order to show the superiority of the experimental arm with an alfa error at 5% and beta error at 20%, calculated number of patients needed were 96. Present Accrual and Target Accrual: As of June 06, 2013, 18 patients were enrolled from 8 institutions. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr OT3-2-03.

Electrochemical, AC Impedance Spectroscopy and Cycling Dynamic Methods for the Integrated Extraction and Characterization of Lithium Batteries

not Available.

Phase I–II study of the farnesyl transferase inhibitor tipifarnib plus sequential weekly paclitaxel and doxorubicin–cyclophosphamide in HER2/neu-negative inflammatory carcinoma and non-inflammatory estrogen receptor-positive breast carcinoma

Tipifarnib (T) is a farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI) that enhances the antineoplastic effects of cytotoxic therapy in vitro, has activity in metastatic breast cancer, and enhances the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate to neoadjuvant doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide (AC) chemotherapy. We, therefore, performed a phase I-II trial of T plus neoadjuvant sequential weekly paclitaxel and 2-week AC chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer. Eligible patients with HER2-negative clinical stage IIB-IIIC breast cancer received 12 weekly doses of paclitaxel (80mg/m(2)) followed by AC (60/600mg/m(2) every 2weeks and filgrastim), plus T (100 or 200mg PO on days 1-3 of each P dose, and 200mg PO on days 2-7 of each AC cycle). The trial was powered to detect an improvement in breast pCR rate from 15 to 35% (α=0.10, β=0.10) in two strata, including ER and/or PR-positive, non-inflammatory (stratum A) and inflammatory carcinoma (stratum B). Of the 60patients accrued, there were no dose-limiting toxicities among the first six patients treated at the first T dose level (100mg BID; N=3) or second T dose level (200mg BID; N=3) plus paclitaxel. Breast pCR occurred in 6/33 patients (18%, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 7-36%) and 1/22 patients (4%, 95% CI 0-8%) in stratum B. Combination of the FTI T with weekly paclitaxel-AC is unlikely to be associated with a breast pCR rate of 35% or higher in patients with locally advanced HER2/neu-negative inflammatory or non-inflammatory ER- and/or PR-positive breast carcinoma.

Neoadjuvant Doxorubicin/Cyclophosphamide Followed by Ixabepilone or Paclitaxel in Early Stage Breast Cancer and Evaluation of βIII-Tubulin Expression as a Predictive Marker

This randomized phase II trial was designed to compare the rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) induced by neoadjuvant cyclophosphamide plus doxorubicin (AC) followed by ixabepilone or paclitaxel in women with early stage breast cancer (BC). Expression of βIII-tubulin as a predictive marker was also evaluated. Women with untreated, histologically confirmed primary invasive breast adenocarcinoma received four cycles of AC followed by 1:1 randomization to either ixabepilone 40 mg/m2 (3-hour infusion) every 3 weeks for four cycles (n = 148) or weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 (1-hour infusion) for 12 weeks (n = 147). All patients underwent a core needle biopsy of the primary cancer for molecular marker analysis prior to chemotherapy. βIII-Tubulin expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry. There was no significant difference in the rate of pCR in the ixabepilone treatment arm (24.3%; 90% confidence interval [CI], 18.6-30.8) and the paclitaxel treatment arm (25.2%; 90% CI, 19.4-31.7). βIII-Tubulin-positive patients obtained higher pCR rates compared with βIII-tubulin-negative patients in both treatment arms; however, βIII-tubulin expression was not significantly associated with a differential response to ixabepilone or paclitaxel. The safety profiles of both regimens were generally similar, although neutropenia occurred more frequently in the ixabepilone arm (grade 3/4: 41.3% vs. 8.4%). The most common nonhematologic toxicity was peripheral neuropathy. Neoadjuvant treatment of early stage BC with AC followed by ixabepilone every 3 weeks or weekly paclitaxel was well tolerated with no significant difference in efficacy. Higher response rates were observed among βIII-tubulin-positive patients.

Scaling of maximum velocity, body force, and power consumption of dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators via particle image velocimetry

This study presents Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements of the induced flow characteristics generated by single dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) actuators in quiescent conditions. The primary aim is to establish accurate empirical trends for model development on both the maximum induced velocity and body force with voltage and consumed power. The results reveal a power law variation for the maximum velocity at low voltages which is followed by an asymptotic behavior. In contrast, the body force is characterized by two power law regions. The power law exponent is shown to be a function of the dielectric thickness, frequency and dielectric constant. Reducing the former or increasing the latter two result in a higher coefficient and lower voltage at which the trend changes. The onset of the second region occurs at a Re ∼ 100 (based on the maximum velocity, um, and corresponding half height, y1/2) and is characterized by a velocity profile which no longer agrees with the laminar profile of Glauert whilst moving increasingly towards the turbulent case. Phase locked PIV measurements show that as the voltage increases the peak momentum transfer shifts from the middle of the AC cycle to the latter end of the forward stroke. Lissajous plots of umϕ against the corresponding x location and plasma length Δx demonstrate that the peak momentum transfer remains relatively fixed in space as the voltage and plasma length increase.

Flux-transfer losses in helically wound superconducting power cables

Minimization of ac losses is essential for economic operation of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) ac power cables. A favorable configuration for the phase conductor of such cables has two counter-wound layers of HTS tape-shaped wires lying next to each other and helically wound around a flexible cylindrical former. However, if magnetic materials such as magnetic substrates of the tapes lie between the two layers, or if the winding pitch angles are not opposite and essentially equal in magnitude to each other, current distributes unequally between the two layers. Then, if at some point in the ac cycle the current of either of the two layers exceeds its critical current, a large ac loss arises from the transfer of flux between the two layers. A detailed review of the formalism, and its application to the case of paramagnetic substrates including the calculation of this flux-transfer loss, is presented.

Investigation of Electrode Erosion Mechanism of Multi-Phase AC Arc by High-Speed Video Camera

A multi-phase AC arc has been applied to the glass melting technology. However, the electrode erosion is one of the most considerable issues to be solved. In order to investigate the erosion mechanism of the multi-phase AC arc, the combination of the high-speed video camera and the band-pass filters was introduced to measure the electrode temperature. Results indicated the tip temperature of the electrode surface in the 12-phase arc was lower than that in the 2-phase arc, while erosion rate in 12-phase arc was higher than that in the 2-phase arc. Furthermore, the dynamic behaviour of the vapours in the arc was investigated by using the same high-speed camera system. The tungsten electrode mainly evaporates at the anodic period during AC cycle. The oxygen concentration in the arc increases with larger number of the phases, resulting in the higher erosion rate in the 12-phase arc.

A phase I-II study of tipifarnib plus weekly paclitaxel (P) followed by dose-dense doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC) in stage IIb-IIIc breast cancer (BC).

1118 Background: Tipifarnib (T) is an orally bioavailable farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI) that has activity in metastatic BC (J Clin Oncol 2003; 21:2492-9). We previously showed that adding T (200 mg PO BID days 2-7) to preoperative AC was associated with a higher pathologic complete response (pCR) than expected compared with historical data (Clin Cancer Res. 2009;15;2942-8), and preclinical data suggest that FTIs enhance the antineoplastic effects of P (Cancer Res 2005; 65:3883-93). Methods: Eligible pts with HER2-negative clinical stage IIB-IIIC BC received 12 weekly doses of P (80 mg/m2) followed by AC (60/600 mg/m2 every 2 weeks and pegfilgrastim), plus T 100 mg or 200 mg on days 1-3 of each P dose in cohorts of 3-6 pts in the phase I (and T 200 mg PO BID on days 2-7 each AC cycle in both the phase I and II). Simon two-stage design used for the phase II in two strata generally resistant to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The trial was powered to detect an improvement in breast pathologic complete response (pCR) from 15% to 35% in each stratum (alpha 0.10, beta 0.10), which required breast pCR in at least 4/19 eligible pts in stage I to proceed to stage II, and at least 8/33 pts in stage I and II to be considered promising. Results: Sixty patients accrued in both the phase I and II. Two patients were non evaluable. There were no DLTs in the first 6 evaluable patients treated at dose level 1 and 2.The recommended phase II dose of T identified in the phase I trial was 200 mg BID.All protocol therapy was completed in 43/55 pts (78%) in the phase II, and one pt died of pneumonitis during therapy of uncertain cause. The prespecified efficacy endpoint was not met for either stratum. Conclusions: The addition of the FTI tipifarnib to neoadjuvant sequential weekly paclitaxel followed by dose-dense AC did not result in a higher breast pCR rate compared with historical data. Clinical trial information: NCT00049114. [Table: see text]

Clinical and translational results of CALGB 40601: A neoadjuvant phase III trial of weekly paclitaxel and trastuzumab with or without lapatinib for HER2-positive breast cancer.

500 Background: Recent trials in HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer (BrCa) demonstrate increased pathological complete response (pCR) using dual HER2-targeting in the neoadjuvant setting and increased progression-free survival in metastatic disease. CALGB 40601 aimed to further quantify the pCR rates of weekly paclitaxel (T) and trastuzumab (H) alone or combined HER2-blockade of H with the small molecule lapatinib (L), and to identify biomarkers of sensitivity to these HER2-targeted agents. Methods: Eligible patients had newly diagnosed, noninflammatory stage II-III HER2+ BrCa and were randomized to receive T (80mg/m2/week IV) + H (4mg/kg then 2mg/kg/week IV) alone (TH) or with the addition of L (750 mg/d PO) (THL) for 16 weeks preoperatively. A third arm, T + L (1500 mg/d) (TL), was closed early when negative efficacy and toxicity data emerged from preliminary analysis of ALTTO. After surgery, 4 cycles of adjuvant dose-dense AC and 1 year H was recommended. Tumors were biopsied for research before therapy; post-Rx samples of residual disease were requested. The primary endpoint was in-breast pCR rate; the study had 85% power to detect an increase from 30% (TH) to 50% (THL). Results: 305 patients were randomized (118 THL, 120 TH, 67 TL); 68% were clinical stage II and 59% hormone receptor-positive. Grade 3+ toxicity was higher among L-containing arms, including neutropenia (12% TL, 7% THL, 2% TH), rash (15% TL, 14% THL, 2% TH), and diarrhea (20% TL, 20% THL, 2% TH). Breast pCR rates with 95% confidence limits were: 51% (42-60%) THL, 40% (32-49%) TH, 32% (22-44%) TL. pCR rate in the TH arm was higher than previous studies, and was not significantly different from THL (p=0.11). We will present molecular subtype, sequence and gene copy number abnormalities in primary tumors and residual disease. Conclusions: pCR rate was higher with combined THL compared with standard TH but did not reach statistical significance. These results are qualitatively similar to other neoadjuvant studies in HER2+ BrCa, and contribute to estimates of pCR rates after these agents. Tissue-based studies may illuminate which patients benefit from HER2-targeting using these agents. Clinical trial information: NCT00770809.

Bevacizumab plus preoperative chemotherapy in operable HER2 negative breast cancer: biomarkers and pathologic response

PurposeThe primary aim of this trial was to assess the rate of pathologic complete responses (pCR) of doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC) followed by bevacizumab/docetaxel (BT), as neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer (BC). Furthermore, the association between biomarkers and the pCR was explored.MethodsPatients with HER-negative operable stage II–III BC ≥2 cm were enrolled. Four cycles of AC (A 60 mg/m2 and C 600 mg/m2, every 3 weeks) followed by 4 cycles of BT (B 15 mg/kg and T 75 mg/m2, every 3 weeks), were planned. A core-biopsy was performed for biological markers assessment.ResultsSeventy-two women were included. Forty-three (63 %) patients were hormone receptor-positive. Sixty-four (89 %) completed the planned treatment, and 66 evaluable patients underwent surgery (92 %): a pCR was achieved in 16 of them (24, 95 % CI 15–36 %). pCR was significantly higher in tumors hormone receptor-negative, and in those with Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) protein overexpression. The overall clinical response rate was 86 % (95 % CI 76–93 %), including 42 complete responses. No unexpected toxicities or treatment-related deaths were observed.ConclusionThis regimen showed a remarkable clinical and pathological activity: the suggested relation between pCR and AGTR1 overexpression should be confirmed in larger trials.

Resistance Switching Characteristics in ZnO-Based Nonvolatile Memory Devices

Bipolar resistance switching characteristics are demonstrated in Pt/ZnO/Pt nonvolatile memory devices. A negative differential resistance or snapback characteristic can be observed when the memory device switches from a high resistance state to a low resistance state due to the formation of filamentary conducting path. The dependence of pulse width and temperature on set/reset voltages was examined in this work. The exponentially decreasing trend of set/reset voltage with increasing pulse width is observed except when pulse width is larger than 1 s. Hence, to switch the ZnO memory devices, a minimum set/reset voltage is required. The set voltage decreases linearly with the temperature whereas the reset voltage is nearly temperature-independent. In addition, the ac cycling endurance can be over 106switching cycles, whereas, the dependence of HRS/LRS resistance distribution indicates that a significant memory window closure may take place after about 102 dc switching cycles.

Abstract P1-13-11: Adjuvant treatment of early-stage breast cancer with eribulin mesylate following dose-dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide: preliminary results from a phase 2, single-arm feasibility study

Abstract Background: Despite recent improvements in breast cancer outcomes, patients (pts) with high-risk, early-stage breast cancer continue to experience recurrences and death due to disease. Chemotherapy regimens with the ability to extend survival remain an important drug development goal. Eribulin mesylate has demonstrated antitumor activity and improved overall survival (OS) in pts with heavily pretreated, locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer when compared to treatment of physician's choice. This study examines the feasibility of eribulin as adjuvant therapy following dose-dense (dd) doxorubicin (A) and cyclophosphamide (C) in patients with early-stage breast cancer. Methods: Eligible pts have histologically confirmed, HER2-normal, stage I-III invasive breast cancer and adequate bone marrow, liver, and renal function. Treatment consists of dd AC (A 60mg/m2 IV; C 600mg/m2 IV) on Day 1 of each 14-day cycle x4 cycles, followed by eribulin mesylate 1.4mg/m2 IV over 2–5min on Days 1 and 8 every 21 days x4 cycles. Radiation/hormonal therapy were allowed per standard of care. The primary objective of feasibility is defined as the ability to complete 4 cycles of eribulin without a treatment-related dose delay (defined as >2 days) or reduction. Feasibility rates will be reported for pts with and without growth factor use. Secondary/exploratory endpoints include evaluation of the safety via NCI-CTCAEv4 of 4 cycles of AC followed by 4 cycles of eribulin, and 3-year disease-free survival and OS. Results: As of 5/22/12, 46 of 80 planned pts have been treated; 38 pts have had ≥1 dose of eribulin and are evaluable for eribulin-related toxicity. Pt characteristics are as follows: median age 50 yrs (27–65 yrs); 100% female; ECOG of 0=81.6%; breast cancer stage at study entry: stg 1: 7.5%; stg 2: 72.5%, stg 3: 20%. Select treatment-related AEs are reported as total (all cycles) and eribulin-related events; many AEs overlapped during treatment (Table). Serious treatment-related AEs were reported in 2 pts, the most common (5.3%) being febrile neutropenia attributed to AC. Currently, 13 pts have had eribulin dose modification or delays; 10 of the events were related to eribulin (7 reductions, 5 delays, 1 withdraw). Eribulin-related AEs associated with dose delay or reduction are: 6 gr-3 neutropenia, 1 gr-3 febrile neutropenia, 1 gr-3 peripheral neuropathy, 1 gr-3 respiratory infection, 1 gr-3 fatigue. Six pts have discontinued (DC) treatment (2 AEs, 1 disease recurrence, 3 withdrew consent). Five of the 6 pts requiring eribulin delay/modification due to neutropenia were able to complete therapy with growth factor support. One pt DC eribulin therapy due to neuropathy. Conclusions: Preliminary results from this study suggest that adjuvant treatment with eribulin following dose-dense AC therapy has an acceptable safety profile. Accrual is ongoing and study completion is anticipated prior to SABCS 2012. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-13-11.

Magnetic Field in the Winding of an YBCO Pancake Coil: Experiments and Calculations

The AC loss is an important issue for many applications containing coils of ReBCO coated conductors, specially transformers. In order to reduce the AC loss, it is necessary to understand the loss mechanisms. We measured and computed the radial magnetic field component in a pancake coil with a net transport current, as this component of the magnetic field plays a crucial role in the AC loss. For this purpose, we prepared a small pancake coil wound with 12 mm wide YBCO tape with non-magnetic substrate and measured the radial component of the magnetic field in the space between turns at both 77 K and room temperature. We measured at six radial positions inside the coil winding during the first AC cycle and the following ones. Additionally, we numerically calculated the magnetic field in all the pancake coil, taking into account the hysteretic nature of the supercurrents. The agreement of the calculated and measured profiles of radial component proves that the calculation method is correct. The radial component at room temperature, when the YBCO is not superconducting, is not hysteretic. In conclusion, the comparison of the experimental values of the radial field component at room temperature and 77 K provide information on the hysteretic currents in the superconductor. Moreover, our simulation method for the calculations is useful to predict the AC loss and the hysteretic effects of pancake coils.

10-year update of E2197: Phase III doxorubicin/docetaxel (AT) versus doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC) adjuvant treatment of LN+ and high-risk LN- breast cancer and the comparison of the prognostic utility of the 21-gene recurrence score (RS) with clinicopathologic features.

1021 Background: At 5 years, AT did not improve disease free survival or overall survival and RS was a more accurate predictor of relapse than standard clinicopathologic characteristics for patients with hormone receptor (HR) positive tumors. Methods: A Phase III Intergroup trial tested adjuvant AT vs. AC. Women with 1-3 N + or N - and T-size > 1cm were randomized to 4 cycles of AT (60 mg/m2/60 mg/ m2) or AC (60 mg/m2/600 mg/m2) q 3 wk x 4. Patients(pts) with ER + and/ or PR + tumors received tam for 5 yrs. Pts were stratified by nodal, HR (ER+ PR+, ER+PR-, ER-PR+, ER-PR-, ER/PR unk) and menopausal status. The primary endpoint was DFS. A sample of 465 pts with HR + breast cancer with 0 to 3 positive axillary nodes who did (N =116) or did not have a recurrence had tumor tissue evaluated using the 21- gene assay. Grade and HR expression were evaluated locally and centrally. Results: 2952 pts were randomized between 7/30/98 and 1/21/00. 2883 were eligible and analyzable. Arms were balanced for age, HR, menopause, nodes, surgery, grade and T-size: median age 51; 64% ER +; 65% LN-; grade: 10% low, 38% int., 46% high; and median T-size - 2.0 cm. At a median follow-up of 11.5 years the DFS/OS results are shown in the table below. RS was a highly significant predictor of recurrence including node negative and node positive disease (P < .0001) and predicted recurrence more accurately than clinical variables. Conclusions: At 11.5 yrs. median follow-up, there remains no difference in DFS or OS, although there continue to be fewer events in the AT arm in the prespecified ER/PR negative subgroup. At 10 years, the RS continues to be a more accurate predictor of relapse than standard clinical features. [Table: see text]

Neutropenic complications associated with chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer

BackgroundChemotherapy-induced neutropenia is the main dose-limiting toxicity, with high morbidity, mortality and associated costs. Febrile neutropenia (FN) rates vary considerably between studies.PurposeTo know neutropenic complications (NC) incidence in our breast...

Reliability characteristics and conduction mechanisms in resistive switching memory devices using ZnO thin films.

In this work, bipolar resistive switching characteristics were demonstrated in the Pt/ZnO/Pt structure. Reliability tests show that ac cycling endurance level above 106 can be achieved. However, significant window closure takes place after about 102 dc cycles. Data retention characteristic exhibits no observed degradation after 168 h. Read durability shows stable resistance states after 106 read times. The current transportation in ZnO films is dominated by the hopping conduction and the ohmic conduction in high-resistance and low-resistance states, respectively. Therefore, the electrical parameters of trap energy level, trap spacing, Fermi level, electron mobility, and effective density of states in conduction band in ZnO were identified.

P1-06-15: A Genomic Predictor Developed from Breast Cancer Cell Lines Predicts Both Disease-Free Survival and Overall Survival in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide: A Collaborative Project of the NSABP and Precision Therapeutics.

Abstract Background: A cell line-derived multigene predictor of tumor response to doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide (MGP-AC) has been shown to predict the pathological complete response (pCR) in breast cancer patients from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) Protocol B-27. However, a cell line-derived MPG for doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide + docetaxel (MGP-ACT) was not predictive in patients from B-27. The purpose of this study was to further assess the performance of these predictors on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in the same patient populations. Methods: NSABP B-27 was a 3-arm trial of 2411 early-stage breast cancer patients randomized to receive 4 cycles of preoperative doxorubicin+cyclophosphamide (AC) or 4 cycles of AC followed by 4 cycles of docetaxel either pre-op (AC+T) or post-op (AC→T). MGPs for AC and ACT were developed based on the in vitro assay and microarray genomic profiles of 40 breast cancer cell lines. A higher MGP score indicates lower chemoresponse sensitivity. Results: 322 patients with available microarray data were included for this analysis (103 treated with AC, 102 with AC+T, and 117 with AC→T). For patients treated with AC, a higher MGP-AC score was significantly associated with increased risk of disease progression (standardized hazard ratio [HR] [SD set to 1]=1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.02−2.15, p=0.043) or death (standardized HR=1.66, 95% CI=1.06−2.62, p=0.028) after adjusting for clinical covariates (ER status, clinical tumor size, lymph node status, and age). The addition of MGP-AC to the clinical model improves the accuracy in predicting five-year DFS: the area under the ROC curve improved from 63% to 72%. For patients treated with AC+T or AC→T, MGP-ACT was not predictive of either DFS (standardized HR=1.03, 95% CI=0.78−1.37, p=0.818) or OS (standardized HR=1.05, 95% CI=0.73−1.51, p=0.8). Conclusions: A cell line-derived MGP for AC that was predictive of pCR was also predictive of DFS and OS in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant AC. The MGP for ACT, which was not predictive for pCR, was not predictive of either DFS or OS in patients who received docetaxel after AC. The B-27 study was funded by NCI PHS grants U10-CA-37377, U10-CA-69974, U10-CA-12027, U10-CA-69651, and U24-CA-114732, and received additional support from sanofi-aventis. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-06-15.